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Mbala-Kingebeni P, Pratt C, Mutafali-Ruffin M, Pauthner MG, Bile F, Nkuba-Ndaye A, Black A, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, Faye M, Aziza A, Diagne MM, Mukadi D, White B, Hadfield J, Gangavarapu K, Bisento N, Kazadi D, Nsunda B, Akonga M, Tshiani O, Misasi J, Ploquin A, Epaso V, Sana-Paka E, N'kasar YTT, Mambu F, Edidi F, Matondo M, Bula Bula J, Diallo B, Keita M, Belizaire MRD, Fall IS, Yam A, Mulangu S, Rimion AW, Salfati E, Torkamani A, Suchard MA, Crozier I, Hensley L, Rambaut A, Faye O, Sall A, Sullivan NJ, Bedford T, Andersen KG, Wiley MR, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Muyembe Tamfum JJ. Ebola Virus Transmission Initiated by Relapse of Systemic Ebola Virus Disease. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1240-1247. [PMID: 33789012 PMCID: PMC7888312 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2024670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the 2018-2020 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in North Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, EVD was diagnosed in a patient who had received the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine expressing a ZEBOV glycoprotein (rVSV-ZEBOV) (Merck). His treatment included an Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb114), and he recovered within 14 days. However, 6 months later, he presented again with severe EVD-like illness and EBOV viremia, and he died. We initiated epidemiologic and genomic investigations that showed that the patient had had a relapse of acute EVD that led to a transmission chain resulting in 91 cases across six health zones over 4 months. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Catherine Pratt
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Mbusa Mutafali-Ruffin
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Faustin Bile
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Allison Black
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Martin Faye
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Amuri Aziza
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Moussa M Diagne
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Daniel Mukadi
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Bailey White
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - James Hadfield
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Nella Bisento
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Donatien Kazadi
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Bibiche Nsunda
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Marceline Akonga
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Olivier Tshiani
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - John Misasi
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Aurelie Ploquin
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Victor Epaso
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Emilia Sana-Paka
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Yannick Tutu Tshia N'kasar
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Fabrice Mambu
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Francois Edidi
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Meris Matondo
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Junior Bula Bula
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Boubacar Diallo
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Mory Keita
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Marie R D Belizaire
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Ibrahima S Fall
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Abdoulaye Yam
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Sabue Mulangu
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Anne W Rimion
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Elias Salfati
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Ali Torkamani
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Marc A Suchard
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Ian Crozier
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Lisa Hensley
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Ousmane Faye
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Amadou Sall
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Trevor Bedford
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Michael R Wiley
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
- From the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., E.K.-L., A.A., D.M., N.B., D.K., B.N., M.A., O.T., S.M, S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), the University of Kinshasa (P.M.-K., A.N.-N., F.M., F.E., M.M., J.B.B., S.A.-M., J.-J.M.T.), and Ministère de la Santé (F.B., V.E., E.S.-P., Y.T.T.N.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (C.P., B.W., M.R.W.); International Medical Corps (M.M.-R.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (A.W.R., M.A.S.), Los Angeles, and the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla (M.G.P., K.G., E.S., A.T., K.G.A.) - all in California; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.B., J.H., T.B.); the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M.F., M.M.D., O.F., A.S.); the Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (J.M., A.P., N.J.S.), and the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (I.C.), and the Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institutes of Health (L.H.), Frederick - all in Maryland; the World Health Organization, Geneva (B.D., M.K., M.R.D.B., I.S.F., A.Y.); and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.R.)
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