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Grand DL, Gosling M, Baettig U, Bahra P, Bala K, Brocklehurst C, Budd E, Butler R, Cheung AK, Choudhury H, Collingwood SP, Cox B, Danahay H, Edwards L, Everatt B, Glaenzel U, Glotin AL, Groot-Kormelink P, Hall E, Hatto J, Howsham C, Hughes G, King A, Koehler J, Kulkarni S, Lightfoot M, Nicholls I, Page C, Pergl-Wilson G, Popa MO, Robinson R, Rowlands D, Sharp T, Spendiff M, Stanley E, Steward O, Taylor RJ, Tranter P, Wagner T, Watson H, Williams G, Wright P, Young A, Sandham DA. Discovery of Icenticaftor (QBW251), a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator with Clinical Efficacy in Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7241-7260. [PMID: 34028270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel are established as the primary causative factor in the devastating lung disease cystic fibrosis (CF). More recently, cigarette smoke exposure has been shown to be associated with dysfunctional airway epithelial ion transport, suggesting a role for CFTR in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, the identification and characterization of a high throughput screening hit 6 as a potentiator of mutant human F508del and wild-type CFTR channels is reported. The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of compounds 7-33 to establish structure-activity relationships of the scaffold are described, leading to the identification of clinical development compound icenticaftor (QBW251) 33, which has subsequently progressed to deliver two positive clinical proofs of concept in patients with CF and COPD and is now being further developed as a novel therapeutic approach for COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Le Grand
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Martin Gosling
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Urs Baettig
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Parmjit Bahra
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Kamlesh Bala
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Cara Brocklehurst
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Emma Budd
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Rebecca Butler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Atwood K Cheung
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hedaythul Choudhury
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Stephen P Collingwood
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Brian Cox
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Henry Danahay
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Lee Edwards
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Brian Everatt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Ulrike Glaenzel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Lise Glotin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Paul Groot-Kormelink
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Edward Hall
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julia Hatto
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Catherine Howsham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Glyn Hughes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Anna King
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Julia Koehler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Swarupa Kulkarni
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Megan Lightfoot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Ian Nicholls
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Page
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Giles Pergl-Wilson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Mariana Oana Popa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Richard Robinson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Rowlands
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tom Sharp
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Matthew Spendiff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Emily Stanley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Oliver Steward
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Roger J Taylor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Pamela Tranter
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Hazel Watson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Gareth Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Penny Wright
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Alice Young
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - David A Sandham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Lefevre G, Glotin AL, Calipel A, Mouriaux F, Tran T, Kherrouche Z, Maurage CA, Auclair C, Mascarelli F. Roles of stem cell factor/c-Kit and effects of Glivec/STI571 in human uveal melanoma cell tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:31769-79. [PMID: 15145934 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-Raf(V599E)-mediated constitutive activation of ERK1/2 is involved in establishing the transformed phenotype of some uveal melanoma cells (Calipel, A., Lefevre, G., Pouponnot, C., Mouriaux, F., Eychene, A., and Mascarelli, F. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 42409-42418). We have shown that stem cell factor (SCF) is involved in the proliferation of normal uveal melanocytes and that c-Kit is expressed in 75% of primary uveal melanomas. This suggests that the acquisition of autonomous growth during melanoma progression may involve the SCF/c-Kit axis. We used six human uveal melanoma tumor-derived cell lines and normal uveal melanocytes to characterize the SCF/c-Kit system and to assess its specific role in transformation. We investigated the possible roles of activating mutations in c-KIT, the overexpression of this gene, and ligand-dependent c-Kit overactivation in uveal melanoma cell tumorigenesis. Four cell lines (92.1, SP6.5, Mel270, and TP31) expressed both SCF and c-Kit, and none harbored the c-KIT mutations in exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 that have been shown to induce SCF-independent c-Kit activation. Melanoma cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of c-Kit in these cells, despite the presence of (V599E)B-Raf in SP6.5 and TP31 cells. We characterized the signaling pathways involved in SCF/c-Kit-mediated cell growth and survival in normal and tumoral melanocytes and found that constitutive ERK1/2 activation played a key role in both the SCF/c-Kit autocrine loop and the gain of function of (V599E)B-Raf for melanoma cell proliferation and transformation. We also provide the first evidence that Glivec/STI571, a c-Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could be used to treat uveal melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Lefevre
- INSERM U598, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
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