1
|
Gan Q, Hu M, Peterson KS, Eyre H, Alba PR, Bowles AE, Stanley JC, DuVall SL, Shi J. A deep learning approach for medication disposition and corresponding attributes extraction. J Biomed Inform 2023; 143:104391. [PMID: 37196988 PMCID: PMC10527481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article summarizes our approach to extracting medication and corresponding attributes from clinical notes, which is the focus of track 1 of the 2022 National Natural Language Processing (NLP) Clinical Challenges(n2c2) shared task. METHODS The dataset was prepared using Contextualized Medication Event Dataset (CMED), including 500 notes from 296 patients. Our system consisted of three components: medication named entity recognition (NER), event classification (EC), and context classification (CC). These three components were built using transformer models with slightly different architecture and input text engineering. A zero-shot learning solution for CC was also explored. RESULTS Our best performance systems achieved micro-average F1 scores of 0.973, 0.911, and 0.909 for the NER, EC, and CC, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, we implemented a deep learning-based NLP system and demonstrated that our approach of (1) utilizing special tokens helps our model to distinguish multiple medications mentions in the same context; (2) aggregating multiple events of a single medication into multiple labels improves our model's performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Gan
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Mengke Hu
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Kelly S Peterson
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA; Veterans Health Administration Office of Analytics and Performance Integration, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA
| | - Hannah Eyre
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Patrick R Alba
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Annie E Bowles
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Johnathan C Stanley
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Jianlin Shi
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500, Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City 84148, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McPherson LA, Troccoli CI, Ji D, Bowles AE, Gardiner ML, Mohsen MG, Nagathihalli NS, Nguyen DM, Robbins DJ, Merchant NB, Kool ET, Rai P, Ford JM. Increased MTH1-specific 8-oxodGTPase activity is a hallmark of cancer in colon, lung and pancreatic tissue. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102644. [PMID: 31311767 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is dependent on a balance between DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms. Cells are constantly assaulted by both exogenous and endogenous stimuli leading to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidation of the nucleotide dGTP to 8-oxodGTP. If this base is incorporated into DNA and goes unrepaired, it can result in G > T transversions, leading to genomic DNA damage. MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) is a nucleoside diphosphate X (Nudix) pyrophosphatase that can remove 8-oxodGTP from the nucleotide pool before it is incorporated into DNA by hydrolyzing it into 8-oxodGMP. MTH1 expression has been shown to be elevated in many cancer cells and is thought to be a survival mechanism by which a cancer cell can stave off the effects of high ROS that can result in cell senescence or death. It has recently become a target of interest in cancer because it is thought that inhibiting MTH1 can increase genotoxic damage and cytotoxicity. Determining the role of MTH1 in normal and cancer cells is confounded by an inability to reliably and directly measure its native enzymatic activity. We have used the chimeric ATP-releasing guanine-oxidized (ARGO) probe that combines 8-oxodGTP and ATP to measure MTH1 enzymatic activity in colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) along with patient-matched normal tissue. MTH1 8-oxodGTPase activity is significantly increased in tumors across all three tissue types, indicating that MTH1 is a marker of cancer. MTH1 activity measured by ARGO assay was compared to mRNA and protein expression measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot in the CRC tissue pairs, revealing a positive correlation between ARGO assay and Western blot, but little correlation with RT-qPCR in these samples. The adoption of the ARGO assay will help in establishing the level of MTH1 activity in model systems and in assessing the effects of MTH1 modulation in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A McPherson
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, United States
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401, United States
| | - Annie E Bowles
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, United States
| | - Makelle L Gardiner
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, United States
| | - Michael G Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401, United States
| | - Nagaraj S Nagathihalli
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - David J Robbins
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401, United States
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - James M Ford
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bowles AE, Smultea M, Würsig B, DeMaster DP, Palka D. Relative abundance and behavior of marine mammals exposed to transmissions from the Heard Island Feasibility Test. J Acoust Soc Am 1994; 96:2469-2484. [PMID: 7963037 DOI: 10.1121/1.410120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Heard Island Feasibility Test source transmitted a hum at 209-220 dB re: 1 microPa at 175-m depth, centered on 57 Hz with a maximum bandwidth of 30 Hz for 1 h of every 3. Experienced marine mammal observers conducted line-transect surveys and monitored marine mammal behavior visually and acoustically in a 70 x 70 km square centered on the transmission site. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 19 of pinnipeds were sighted from both vessels before the start of transmissions. Thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 23 of pinnipeds were sighted during transmissions. Blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales were sighted during the base line period; blue, sperm, and possibly sei (B. borealis) whales were sighted during the transmission period. More schools of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) were sighted during transmissions, but fewer groups of pilot whales (Globicephala melas), southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons), and minke whales (B. acutorostrata). The density of all cetaceans was 0.0157 groups/km2 before the transmissions and 0.0166 groups/km2 during. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were seen, but not in sufficient numbers to estimate abundance. One blue whale tracked before, during and after a transmission changed respiration and reorientation rates, but did not avoid the source detectably. Sperm whales and pilot whales were heard in 23% of 1181 min of baseline acoustic surveys; but in none of 1939 min during the transmission period. Both species were heard within 48 h after the end of the test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Bowles
- Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, California 92109
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|