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Pintado Silva J, Fenutria R, Bernal-Rubio D, Sanchez-Martin I, Hunziker A, Chebishev E, Veloz J, Kelly G, Kim-Schulze S, Whitehead S, Durbin A, Ramos I, Fernandez-Sesma A. The dengue virus 4 component of NIAID's tetravalent TV003 vaccine drives its innate immune signature. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2201-2212. [PMID: 36734144 PMCID: PMC9899989 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Annually, roughly 2.5 billion people are at risk for dengue virus (DENV) infection, and the incidence of infection has increased 30-fold since its discovery in the 1900s. At present, there are no globally licensed antiviral treatments or vaccines that protect against all four of the DENV serotypes. The NIAID Live Attenuated Tetravalent Vaccine (LATV) dengue vaccine candidate is composed of variants of three DENV serotypes attenuated by a 30 nucleotide (Δ30) deletion in the 3' untranslated region and a fourth component that is a chimeric virus in which the prM and E genes of DENV-2 replace those of DENV-4 on the rDEN4Δ30 backbone. The vaccine candidate encodes the non-structural proteins of DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4, which could be of critical importance in the presentation of DENV-specific epitopes in a manner that facilitates antigen presentation and confers higher protection. Our findings demonstrate that the attenuation mechanism (Δ30) resulted in decreased viral infectivity and replication for each vaccine virus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells but were able to generate a robust innate immune response. When tested as monovalent viruses, DEN-4Δ30 displayed the most immunogenic profile. In addition, we found that the tetravalent DENV formulation induced a significantly greater innate immune response than the trivalent formulation. We demonstrate that the presence of two components with a DENV-4Δ30 backbone is necessary for the induction of RANTES, CD40, IP-10, and Type I IFN by the tetravalent formulation. Finally, we found that the DEN-4Δ30 backbone in the DENV-2 component of the vaccine enhanced its antigenic properties, as evidenced by enhanced ability to induce IP-10 and IFNα2 in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In sum, our study shows that the Δ30 and Δ30/Δ31 mutations attenuate the DENV vaccine strains in terms of replication and infectivity while still allowing the induction of a robust innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pintado Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,
USA
| | - Rafael Fenutria
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dabeiba Bernal-Rubio
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Irene Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eva Chebishev
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,
USA
| | - Jeury Veloz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,
USA
| | - Geoffrey Kelly
- Precision Immunology Institute,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Precision Immunology Institute,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steve Whitehead
- Department of Neurology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases
(LVD), NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Anna Durbin
- Precision Immunology Institute,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Global Disease and
Epidemiology Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,
USA
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2
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Hunziker A, Stertz S. Unraveling virus-induced cellular signaling cascades by label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101089. [PMID: 35535160 PMCID: PMC9076958 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low stoichiometry and highly transient nature of protein phosphorylation it is challenging to capture the dynamics and complexity of phosphorylation events on a systems level. Here, we present an optimized protocol to measure virus-induced phosphorylation events with high sensitivity using label free quantification-based phosphoproteomics. Specifically, we describe filter assisted protein digestion (FASP), enrichment of phosphopeptides, mass spectrometry, and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hunziker et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Hunziker A, Glas I, Pohl MO, Stertz S. Phosphoproteomic profiling of influenza virus entry reveals infection-triggered filopodia induction counteracted by dynamic cortactin phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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4
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Abela IA, Pasin C, Schwarzmüller M, Epp S, Sickmann ME, Schanz MM, Rusert P, Weber J, Schmutz S, Audigé A, Maliqi L, Hunziker A, Hesselman MC, Niklaus CR, Gottschalk J, Schindler E, Wepf A, Karrer U, Wolfensberger A, Rampini SK, Meyer Sauteur PM, Berger C, Huber M, Böni J, Braun DL, Marconato M, Manz MG, Frey BM, Günthard HF, Kouyos RD, Trkola A. Multifactorial seroprofiling dissects the contribution of pre-existing human coronaviruses responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6703. [PMID: 34795285 PMCID: PMC8602384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in the context of pre-existing immunity to circulating human coronavirus (HCoV) is critical for understanding protective immunity. Here we perform a multifactorial analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV antibody responses in pre-pandemic (N = 825) and SARS-CoV-2-infected donors (N = 389) using a custom-designed multiplex ABCORA assay. ABCORA seroprofiling, when combined with computational modeling, enables accurate definition of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and prediction of neutralization activity, and reveals intriguing interrelations with HCoV immunity. Specifically, higher HCoV antibody levels in SARS-CoV-2-negative donors suggest that pre-existing HCoV immunity may provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. In those infected, higher HCoV activity is associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 responses, indicating cross-stimulation. Most importantly, HCoV immunity may impact disease severity, as patients with high HCoV reactivity are less likely to require hospitalization. Collectively, our results suggest that HCoV immunity may promote rapid development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity, thereby underscoring the importance of exploring cross-protective responses for comprehensive coronavirus prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A Abela
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Selina Epp
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michèle E Sickmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merle M Schanz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rusert
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Weber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liridona Maliqi
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Hesselman
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrille R Niklaus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexander Wepf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Urs Karrer
- Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wolfensberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvana K Rampini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Böni
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique L Braun
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Marconato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat M Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Pohl MO, Busnadiego I, Marrafino F, Wiedmer L, Hunziker A, Fernbach S, Glas I, Moroz-Omori EV, Hale BG, Caflisch A, Stertz S. Combined computational and cellular screening identifies synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by lenvatinib and remdesivir. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001625. [PMID: 34319869 PMCID: PMC8491895 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid repurposing of existing drugs as new therapeutics for COVID-19 has been an important strategy in the management of disease severity during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we used high-throughput docking to screen 6000 compounds within the DrugBank library for their potential to bind and inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3 CL main protease, a chymotrypsin-like enzyme that is essential for viral replication. For 19 candidate hits, parallel in vitro fluorescence-based protease-inhibition assays and Vero-CCL81 cell-based SARS-CoV-2 replication-inhibition assays were performed. One hit, diclazuril (an investigational anti-protozoal compound), was validated as a SARS-CoV-2 3 CL main protease inhibitor in vitro (IC50 value of 29 µM) and modestly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero-CCL81 cells. Another hit, lenvatinib (approved for use in humans as an anti-cancer treatment), could not be validated as a SARS-CoV-2 3 CL main protease inhibitor in vitro, but serendipitously exhibited a striking functional synergy with the approved nucleoside analogue remdesivir to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, albeit this was specific to Vero-CCL81 cells. Lenvatinib is a broadly-acting host receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, but the synergistic effect with remdesivir was not observed with other approved RTK inhibitors (such as pazopanib or sunitinib), suggesting that the mechanism-of-action is independent of host RTKs. Furthermore, time-of-addition studies revealed that lenvatinib/remdesivir synergy probably targets SARS-CoV-2 replication subsequent to host-cell entry. Our work shows that combining computational and cellular screening is a means to identify existing drugs with repurposing potential as antiviral compounds. Future studies could be aimed at understanding and optimizing the lenvatinib/remdesivir synergistic mechanism as a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie O. Pohl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Marrafino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Lars Wiedmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Fernbach
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Glas
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena V. Moroz-Omori
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G. Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Lanz C, Schotsaert M, Magnus C, Karakus U, Hunziker A, Sempere Borau M, Martínez-Romero C, Spieler EE, Günther SC, Moritz E, Hale BG, Trkola A, García-Sastre A, Stertz S. IFITM3 incorporation sensitizes influenza A virus to antibody-mediated neutralization. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212014. [PMID: 33882122 PMCID: PMC8072448 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease severity of influenza is highly variable in humans, and one genetic determinant behind these differences is the IFITM3 gene. As an effector of the interferon response, IFITM3 potently blocks cytosolic entry of influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we reveal a novel level of inhibition by IFITM3 in vivo: We show that incorporation of IFITM3 into IAV particles competes with incorporation of viral hemagglutinin (HA). Decreased virion HA levels did not reduce infectivity, suggesting that high HA density on IAV virions may be an antagonistic strategy used by the virus to prevent direct inhibition. However, we found that IFITM3-mediated reduction in HA content sensitizes IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization. Mathematical modeling predicted that this effect decreases and delays peak IAV titers, and we show that, indeed, IFITM3-mediated sensitization of IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization impacts infection outcome in an in vivo mouse model. Overall, our data describe a previously unappreciated interplay between the innate effector IFITM3 and the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lanz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Carsten Magnus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umut Karakus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milagros Sempere Borau
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eva E Spieler
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sira C Günther
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moritz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Rothbarth K, Hunziker A, Stammer H, Werner D. Promoter of the gene encoding the 16 kDa DNA-binding and apoptosis-inducing C1D protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1518:271-5. [PMID: 11311939 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 5' region of the gene encoding the human 16 kDa DNA-binding and apoptosis-inducing C1D protein was analysed for promoter activity. Sections of this region were cloned into a promoterless vector containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as reporter gene. Expressed EGFP was estimated in transfected cells by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The sequence between mRNA positions ATG -868 and ATG -12 results in relatively highest EGFP expression in transiently transfected human and murine cells. The upstream segment immediately adjacent to the 5' end of the most active fragment was identified as an inverted LINE-1 repeat element. Transient transfection experiments point to the presence of cis-acting repressing sequences on this LINE-1 element which reduce the transcriptional activity of the basal C1D promoter in human and murine cells by more than 95%. This result supports previous evidence suggesting that LINE-1 sequences may function as regulatory elements to control the expression of nearby genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rothbarth
- Division of Biochemistry of the Cell (B0300), German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Abstract
The first steps of ether lipid biosynthesis are exclusively localized to peroxisomes and hence some peroxisomal disorders are characterized by a severe deficiency of plasmalogens, the main ether lipids in humans. Here we report on gene defects of plasmalogen biosynthesis, chromosomal localization of the corresponding genes and, as a consequence of plasmalogen deficiency, on structural alterations of caveolae, clathrin-coated pits, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae, as well as on the reduced rate of transferrin receptor cycling. The data suggest that plasmalogens, analogous to cholesterol, are essential for correct membrane functioning and their deficiency results in impaired membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Thai
- Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Aleem EA, Flohr T, Hunziker A, Mayer D, Bannasch P, Thielmann HW. Detection and quantification of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 gene expression in total rat liver and isolated hepatocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 217:1-12. [PMID: 11269652 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007141514750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA expression of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 (inhibitor-1) in rat liver was demonstrated using highly sensitive semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Quantification by real-time RT-PCR (LightCycler technology) yielded the same copy number of inhibitor-1 mRNA in total rat liver and isolated hepatocytes (12 copies per cell). This novel finding shows that rat liver expresses indeed inhibitor-1 mRNA, albeit in low amounts. The low copy number explains why the mRNA had not been detected by Northern blotting so far. For comparison, about 425 copies/cell were detected in brain and 2500 copies/cell in skeletal muscle from rat. The full-length coding sequence of rat liver inhibitor-1 was cloned and sequenced, 100% homology with the muscle cDNA was obtained, indicating the expression of the same gene in liver and muscle. In vitro transcription and translation yielded a protein (Mr approximately 30 kDa) which could be detected with a specific antibody by immunoblotting. This indicates an intact open reading frame of inhibitor-1 in rat liver. Immunoblotting of liver extract yielded a very weak band which comigrated with the inhibitor-1 proteins from muscle and brain. It is concluded that mRNA expression of inhibitor-1 may have implications for the regulation of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Aleem
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Troester H, Bub S, Hunziker A, Trendelenburg MF. Stability of DNA repeats in Escherichia coli dam mutant strains indicates a Dam methylation-dependent DNA deletion process. Gene 2000; 258:95-108. [PMID: 11111047 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report on the stabilization of short direct repetitive DNA elements. We arranged a 20 bp SK-primer element in a direct repeat manner within the cloning vector pBluescript KS (+). This resulted in an array of 27 direct repeats consisting of 24 bp units. We show that this plasmid could only be propagated without deletion of repeats in dam mutant Escherichia coli hosts, whereas all efforts to use strains that were defective in the methylation-dependent restriction system and the recA- or the mismatch repair-dependent deletion system failed. The deletions always affected whole repeat units and not parts of them, leading to an unpredictable reduction of the unit number down to a range of between 12 and two during propagation. We conclude that a Dam methylation-dependent, but recA- and mismatch repair-independent, deletion mechanism caused the DNA rearrangements without an obvious involvement of the known methylated-DNA restriction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Troester
- German Cancer Research Center, aBiomedical Structure Analysis (A0600), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Investigating targeting of the 22 kDa peroxisomal membrane protein (Pmp22p) to the peroxisomal membrane we have confined the targeting signal to amino acid residues 16-37 located in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Comparison of Pmp22p orthologous sequences revealed a conserved motif Y3xL3xP3x(KQN) which might represent the core of this targeting signal not found so far in other Pmps. Fusion of the Pmp22p N-terminal tail to the C-terminal portion of Pmp22p which per se is not targeted to peroxisomes, conveys peroxisomal targeting. These data suggest that Pmp22p is targeted to peroxisomes by a new membrane targeting signal which is necessary and sufficient to target a polypeptide containing two transmembrane spans to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pause
- Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
The present paper describes cloning and sequencing of the mouse cDNA encoding dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DAPAT), the peroxisomal key enzyme of plasmalogen (PM) biosynthesis. Using monospecific antibodies, we localized DAPAT and alkyl dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase to peroxisomes of mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) and determined their enzymatic activity. By electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of mouse lens lipid extracts, we identified phosphatidyl ethanolamine including plasmenyl ethanolamine species as major constituents. Our data demonstrate the capacity of LECs to synthesize PMs and the high coincidence between deficiency of PM and early manifestation of cataract in patients with peroxisomal disorders suggests that ether-bonded lipids may play an important role in maintaining lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Thai
- Biochemiezentrum Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Hunziker A. [Euthanasia--viewpoint of the practicing physicians]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 1999; 88:1235-1238. [PMID: 10457755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Cutaneous and ocular melanomas are due to malignant transformation of neural crest-derived melanocytes. The rising incidence of this tumor in humans has stimulated experiments to devise suitable mouse models. In the past years, transgenic mouse lines have been generated using different oncogenes - Ha-ras, SV40 T antigen (Tag), ret - which develop benign lesions of melanocytes, melanoma, and/or eye tumors. Pigment cell tumors in humans, although rather rare, can also develop from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a cell layer of neuroectodermal origin. We, therefore, established transgenic models for this ocular tumor. Regulated by the promoter of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), two oncogenes, ret and SV40 Tag, were targeted to the developing RPE in transgenic mice. The TRP-1/ret transgenic mice displayed microphthalmia and benign tumors of the RPE. Expression of SV40 T antigen (TRP-1/Tag) led to malignant tumors, which were invasive and metastasized to inguinal lymph node and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beermann
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Epalinges.
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15
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Eschelbach A, Hunziker A, Klimaschewski L. Differential display PCR reveals induction of immediate early genes by vasoactive intestinal peptide in PC12 cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 865:181-8. [PMID: 9928011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify genes regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, we performed differential display PCR as originally described by Liang and Pardee. Messenger RNA of PC12 cells treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide or nerve growth factor for one hour was reverse transcribed and amplified using different sets of oligo-dT and random primers. Radioactively labeled PCR products were displayed on polyacrylamide gels and candidate cDNAs extracted from the gel, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Differential expression was verified by RT-PCR applying sets of specific primers obtained from the sequence. The specificity of the PCR product was confirmed by Southern blotting using a radioactively labeled internal primer and semi-quantitative densitometric analysis. This rapid and sensitive protocol led to the isolation of two immediate early genes, pip92 and PC4, known to be increased on mRNA level by nerve growth factor in PC 12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eschelbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Schmidt A, Tief K, Foletti A, Hunziker A, Penna D, Hummler E, Beermann F. lacZ transgenic mice to monitor gene expression in embryo and adult. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 1998; 3:54-60. [PMID: 9767107 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(98)00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In transgenic experiments, lacZ can be used as a reporter gene for activity of a given promoter. Its main advantage is the ease of visualization in situ, on sections or in whole mount preparations, and the availability of simple protocols. In the following, we describe our procedure for detecting promoter activity in transgenic mice, including choice of lacZ vectors, generation of the transgenic mice, and analysis of expression. We had recently used this protocol to detect tyrosinase gene promoter activity in embryonic and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmidt
- ISREC (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research), Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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17
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Thai TP, Heid H, Rackwitz HR, Hunziker A, Gorgas K, Just WW. Ether lipid biosynthesis: isolation and molecular characterization of human dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase. FEBS Lett 1997; 420:205-11. [PMID: 9459311 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe isolation and molecular characterization of human dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DAP-AT). The enzyme was extracted from rabbit Harderian gland peroxisomes and isolated as a trimeric complex by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. From peptide sequences matching EST-clones were obtained which allowed cloning and sequencing of the cDNA from a human cDNA library. The nucleotide-derived amino acid sequence revealed a protein consisting of 680 amino acid residues of molecular mass 77187 containing a C-terminal type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal. Monospecific antibodies raised against this polypeptide efficiently immunoprecipitated DAP-AT activity from solubilized peroxisomal preparations, thus demonstrating that the cloned cDNA codes for DAP-AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Thai
- Biochemie-Zentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The permeability and partition coefficients of tetraphenylarsonium (TPA) and several other organic cations were studied in the human erythrocyte using an ion-selective electrode. The permeability constant for the different cations could be explained quite well by differences in oil/water partition coefficients. No evidence for facilitated transport could be found. Binding of the organic ions occurred to both the cell membrane and to intracellular contents. Partitioning to the membrane remained relatively constant despite variation from ion intracellular binding with blood samples from different donors. TPA flux is stimulated by substoichiometric amounts of tetraphenylboron and other organic anions, suggesting an ion-pairing mechanism.
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Wauters JP, Hunziker A, Brunner HR. Regionalized self-care hemodialysis. A solution to the increasing cost. JAMA 1983; 250:59-62. [PMID: 6343655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To cope with an ever-increasing number of patients with end-stage renal disease, a regionalized self-care hemodialysis program was set up and combined with the existing home and center hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation. Five years later, of a total of 105 patients treated by hemodialysis, 66 were dialyzing themselves--31 at home and 35 in seven local self-care facilities. This proportion of patients engaging in autonomous treatment (69%) was obtained without restrictive selection criteria, since we treat 210 patients per million population with hemodialysis. The annual intake of new patients could be managed without increasing the number of center dialysis beds and by only slightly increasing the specialized staff. The cost reduction obtained with this program when compared with all center dialysis treatment represents 37%, or approximately 1,200,000 US dollars per year. These results were obtained without compromising the quality of treatment.
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Hunziker A, Voina S. [Alcoholism control in the Lucerne canton, Switzerland]. Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs 1969; 64:183-97. [PMID: 5259104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1969.tb02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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