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Fiala M, Lau YCC, Aghajani A, Bhargava S, Aminpour E, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Mirzoyan H, Nichols I, Ko MW, Morselli M, Santana J, Dang J, Sayre J, Paul K, Pellegrini M. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Amyloid-β Immunity, Energy, and Circadian Rhythm for Cognitive Protection of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:993-1002. [PMID: 32390637 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinesterase inhibitor therapeutics (CI) approved for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are palliative for a limited time. OBJECTIVE To examine the outcome of AD patients with add-on therapy of the omega-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish. METHODS We performed a prospective study using Mini-Mental State Examination, amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis blood assay, and RNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 28 neurodegenerative patients who had failed their therapies, including 8 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 8 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 2 AD dementia, 1 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 2 vascular cognitive impairment, and 3 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. RESULTS MCI, FTD, and DLB patients patients volunteered for the addition of a ω-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish protected by anti-oxidants to failing CI therapy. On this therapy, all MCI patients improved in the first year energy transcripts, Aβ phagocytosis, cognition, and activities of daily living; in the long term, they remained in MCI status two to 4.5 years. All FTD and DLB patients rapidly progressed to dementia. On in vivo or in vitroω-3 treatments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MCI patients upregulated energy enzymes for glycolysis and citric acid cycle, as well as the anti-inflammatory circadian genes CLOCK and ARNTL2. CONCLUSION Add-on ω-3 therapy to CI may delay dementia in certain patients who had failed single CI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yik Chai Charles Lau
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Aghajani
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Bhargava
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eli Aminpour
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Mirzoyan
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - India Nichols
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joslyn Santana
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Dang
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Sayre
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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