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She H, Zheng X, Xiao Y, Mastaglia F, Akkari A, Wu J. Novel SPG4 Mutation in a Patient with Sporadic Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:152-153. [PMID: 33480217 PMCID: PMC7840324 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.1.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongda She
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxiu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Frank Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Anthony Akkari
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jingshan Wu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Guzman CB, Duvvuru S, Akkari A, Bhatnagar P, Battioui C, Foster W, Zhang XM, Shankar SS, Deeg MA, Chalasani N, Hardy TA, Kazda CM, Pillai SG. Coding variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 are risk factors for hepatic steatosis and elevated serum alanine aminotransferases caused by a glucagon receptor antagonist. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:561-570. [PMID: 29761171 PMCID: PMC5944587 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LY2409021 is a glucagon receptor antagonist that was associated with hepatic steatosis and elevated aminotransferases in phase 2 diabetes studies. We investigated the relationship between selected genetic variants and hepatic steatosis and elevated alanine aminotransferases (ALTs) associated with LY2409021. Patients participated in a 6‐week placebo‐controlled trial (I1R‐MC‐GLDI [GLDI], n = 246) and a 52‐week placebo‐ and active comparator‐controlled trial (I1R‐MC‐GLDJ [GLDJ], n = 158). GLDJ had endpoints at 6 months, including measures of hepatic fat fraction (HFF) by magnetic resonance imaging. The five genes tested were patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) (rs738409 and rs738491), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) (rs58542926), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) (rs4361373, rs3774921, rs2970849), adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) (rs713586), and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) (rs1520220). In GLDI, PNPLA3 I148M (P = 0.001) and TM6SF2 E167K (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with an increase in ALT at 6 weeks for LY2409021 but not for placebo. In GLDJ, PNPLA3 I148M showed the same effect (P = 0.007) on ALT at 6 months but the placebo or sitagliptin did not. In GLDJ, both PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk‐allele carriers showed increases in HFF that were numerically greater but not statistically significant. The carriers of PNPLA3 and/or TM6SF2 risk alleles showed significantly increased ALT (GLDI, +13.28 U/L in carriers versus +4.84 U/L in noncarriers, P = 4 × 10–5; GLDJ, +14.6 U/L in carriers versus +1.7 in noncarriers, P = 0.0018) and HFF (GLDJ, +5.35% in carriers versus 2.38% in noncarriers, P = 0.048). Elevation of transaminase and HFF were also noted in the noncarriers but at a significantly lower degree. Conclusion: The carriers of PNPLA3 and/or TM6SF2 variant alleles are at risk for hepatic steatosis and elevated ALT levels caused by LY2409021, a glucagon receptor antagonist. More studies are needed to investigate if our observations are generalizable to hepatic steatosis caused by other medications. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:561‐570)
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina B Guzman
- Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN.,Present address: Enanta Pharmaceuticals Inc Watertown MA
| | - Suman Duvvuru
- Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN.,Present address: Amazon Seattle WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sudha S Shankar
- Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN.,Present address: NGM Biopharmaceuticals San Francisco CA
| | - Mark A Deeg
- Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN.,Present address: Regulus Pharmaceuticals San Diego CA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Indiana University Department of Medicine Indianapolis IN
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Warren L, Gibson R, Ishihara L, Elango R, Xue Z, Akkari A, Ragone L, Pahwa R, Jankovic J, Nance M, Freeman A, Watts RL, Hentati F. A founding LRRK2 haplotype shared by Tunisian, US, European and Middle Eastern families with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007; 14:77-80. [PMID: 17433753 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene has been identified as a disease susceptibility gene for Parkinson's disease (PD), with G2019 (6055G>A) being the most frequent mutation. This mutation was present in 42% (38/91) of Tunisian families and 2% (1/39) of US families we have studied. A founding haplotype was identified in our data and it is shared by families from Tunisia, US, European and Middle Eastern countries. The most recent common founder of the mutation was dated to 2600 (95% CI: 1950-3850) years ago although additional studies are warranted to ensure an accurate age estimate for this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Warren
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Webb BT, van den Oord E, Akkari A, Wilton S, Ly T, Duff R, Barnes KC, Carlsen K, Gerritsen J, Lenney W, Silverman M, Sly P, Sundy J, Tsanakas J, von Berg A, Whyte M, Blumenthal M, Vestbo J, Middleton L, Helms PJ, Anderson WH, Pillai SG. Quantitative linkage genome scan for atopy in a large collection of Caucasian families. Hum Genet 2006; 121:83-92. [PMID: 17103228 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative phenotypes correlated with a complex disorder offer increased power to detect linkage in comparison to affected-unaffected classifications. Asthma is a complex disorder characterized by periods of bronchial obstruction and increased bronchial hyper reactivity. In childhood and early adulthood, asthma is frequently associated also with quantitative measures of atopy. Genome wide quantitative multipoint linkage analysis was conducted for serum IgE levels and percentage of positive skin prick test (SPT(per)) using three large groups of families originally ascertained for asthma. In this report, 438 and 429 asthma families were informative for linkage using IgE and SPT(per) which represents 690 independent families. Suggestive linkage (LOD > or = 2) was found on chromosomes 1, 3, and 8q with maximum LODs of 2.34 (IgE), 2.03 (SPT(per)), and 2.25 (IgE) near markers D1S1653, D3S2322-D3S1764, and D8S2324, respectively. The results from chromosomes 1 and 3 replicate previous reports of linkage. We also replicate linkage to 5q with peak LODs of 1.96 (SPT(per)) and 1.77 (IgE) at or near marker D5S1480. Our results provide further evidence implicating chromosomes 1, 3, and 5q. The current report represents one of the biggest genome scans so far reported for asthma related phenotypes. This study also demonstrates the utility of increased sample sizes and quantitative phenotypes in linkage analysis of complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zaks TZ, Akkari A, Briley L, Mosteler M, Stead AG, Koch KM, Sampson C, Ehm M, Harris E, Roses A. Role of pharmacogenetic studies in early clinical development: Phase I studies with lapatinib. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3029 Background: Rash and diarrhea are a class effect of ERBB1 inhibitors. These events are relatively mild with Lapatinib (a dual ERBB1/ERBB2 kinase inhibitor). Finding a genetic basis for patients who may be predisposed to these adverse events, from the outset of clinical development, may improve the understanding of the mechanisms of these side effects and may have implications for use and dosing. Methods: DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 107 Caucasian subjects from eight monotherapy phase I studies including 73 healthy volunteers and 34 cancer patients, 100 of whom had associated pharmacokinetic data. 284 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five candidate genes of transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2) and enzymes (CYP 3A4 and 3A5, and 2C19) for which lapatinib is a substrate were genotyped and examined for associations with pharmacokinetic variables (dose-normalized AUC, Cmax, and Tmax) as well as rash (15 cases) and diarrhea (18 cases). Results: Skin rash and diarrhea in this phase I cohort were only mild, (i.e. grade I or II). Statistically significant associations were observed between 34 SNPs in CYP2C19, rash (22 SNPs) and diarrhea (6 SNPs), and between 15 SNPs in ABCB1 and Tmax. Notably, 3/3 subjects (2 healthy volunteers, one patient) homozygous for the CYP2C19*2 allele experienced both mild rash and diarrhea. Extensive linkage disequilibrium was observed among these associated SNPs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is possible to determine pharmacogenetic associations with side effect phenotypes during the earliest phase of clinical drug development. These results are currently being validated on a larger cohort of patients from phase II lapatinib clinical trials. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Z. Zaks
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - A. Akkari
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - L. Briley
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - M. Mosteler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - A. G. Stead
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - K. M. Koch
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - C. Sampson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - M. Ehm
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - E. Harris
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - A. Roses
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Barrau J, Rima G, Akkari A, Satge J. Polymeric organogermanium systems. Synthesis of poly[(germanediyl)thiophenes or furans] and poly[bis(2-thienyl)germanium]. Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Efficiency of regeneration of mechanically injured skeletal muscle is more pronounced in SJL/J mice, as compared to other laboratory strains in which regenerative properties of skeletal muscle are uniformly poor. Previously, we postulated that a small number of genes might differ between SJL/J and other mouse strains, and would be responsible for this variation in the efficiency of skeletal muscle regeneration. The results of initial experiments demonstrated that SJL/J mice have a unique form of the myogenic gene, Myo-D1, which partly influences efficiency of skeletal muscle repair, and that other genes were also involved. To identify other candidate genes, differences were sought within the myogenic paired box/homeobox-containing gene Pax7 between SJL/J and other laboratory mouse strains. Southern blotting indicated that SJL/J, Quackenbush and DDO mice share a Pax7/TaqI RFLP which differs from all other laboratory strains tested. This RFLP is most likely due to sequence differences within the homeobox of a Pax7-like gene. In vivo studies revealed that Quackenbush and DDO mice also share the same regenerative properties of mechanically damaged skeletal muscle as SJL/J mice. Since Quackenbush and DDO mice lack the SJL/J type of Myo-D1, and DDO belong to a different mouse sub-species, these studies suggest that structural alterations in the homeobox of a Pax7-like gene may be implicated in the effectiveness of renewal of damaged skeletal muscle of the limb in the mature animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Kay
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands
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Vidal J, Nakach G, Akkari A. [Percutaneous wiring of fractures of the distal end of the radius in adults. Socioeconomic impact]. Acta Orthop Belg 1986; 52:195-208. [PMID: 3739678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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