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Goodwin AT, John AE, Joseph C, Habgood A, Tatler AL, Susztak K, Palmer M, Offermanns S, Henderson NC, Jenkins RG. Stretch regulates alveologenesis and homeostasis via mesenchymal Gαq/11-mediated TGFβ2 activation. Development 2023; 150:dev201046. [PMID: 37102682 PMCID: PMC10259661 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar development and repair require tight spatiotemporal regulation of numerous signalling pathways that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits Gαq and Gα11 (Gαq/11) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate TGFβ in epithelial cells. To understand the role of mesenchymal Gαq/11 in lung development, we generated constitutive (Pdgfrb-Cre+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) and inducible (Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) mesenchymal Gαq/11 deleted mice. Mice with constitutive Gαq/11 gene deletion exhibited abnormal alveolar development, with suppressed myofibroblast differentiation, altered mesenchymal cell synthetic function, and reduced lung TGFβ2 deposition, as well as kidney abnormalities. Tamoxifen-induced mesenchymal Gαq/11 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in emphysema associated with reduced TGFβ2 and elastin deposition. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced TGFβ activation required Gαq/11 signalling and serine protease activity, but was independent of integrins, suggesting an isoform-specific role for TGFβ2 in this model. These data highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of cyclical stretch-induced Gαq/11-dependent TGFβ2 signalling in mesenchymal cells, which is imperative for normal alveologenesis and maintenance of lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison E. John
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda L. Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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Tatler AL, Philp CJ, Hill MR, Cox S, Bullock AM, Habgood A, John A, Middlewick R, Stephenson KE, Goodwin AT, Billington CK, O'Dea RD, Johnson SR, Brook BS. Differential remodeling in small and large murine airways revealed by novel whole lung airway analysis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L271-L284. [PMID: 36594851 PMCID: PMC9970660 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling occurs in chronic asthma leading to increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Although extensively studied in murine airways, studies report only selected larger airways at one time-point meaning the spatial distribution and resolution of remodeling are poorly understood. Here we use a new method allowing comprehensive assessment of the spatial and temporal changes in ASM, ECM, and epithelium in large numbers of murine airways after allergen challenge. Using image processing to analyze 20-50 airways per mouse from a whole lung section revealed increases in ASM and ECM after allergen challenge were greater in small and large rather than intermediate airways. ASM predominantly accumulated adjacent to the basement membrane, whereas ECM was distributed across the airway wall. Epithelial hyperplasia was most marked in small and intermediate airways. After challenge, ASM changes resolved over 7 days, whereas ECM and epithelial changes persisted. The new method suggests large and small airways remodel differently, and the long-term consequences of airway inflammation may depend more on ECM and epithelial changes than ASM. The improved quantity and quality of unbiased data provided by the method reveals important spatial differences in remodeling and could set new analysis standards for murine asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Philp
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Hill
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Cox
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Bullock
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alison John
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Middlewick
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E Stephenson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda T Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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3
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John AE, Graves RH, Pun KT, Vitulli G, Forty EJ, Mercer PF, Morrell JL, Barrett JW, Rogers RF, Hafeji M, Bibby LI, Gower E, Morrison VS, Man Y, Roper JA, Luckett JC, Borthwick LA, Barksby BS, Burgoyne RA, Barnes R, Le J, Flint DJ, Pyne S, Habgood A, Organ LA, Joseph C, Edwards-Pritchard RC, Maher TM, Fisher AJ, Gudmann NS, Leeming DJ, Chambers RC, Lukey PT, Marshall RP, Macdonald SJF, Jenkins RG, Slack RJ. Translational pharmacology of an inhaled small molecule αvβ6 integrin inhibitor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4659. [PMID: 32938936 PMCID: PMC7494911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The αvβ6 integrin plays a key role in the activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), a pro-fibrotic mediator that is pivotal to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We identified a selective small molecule αvβ6 RGD-mimetic, GSK3008348, and profiled it in a range of disease relevant pre-clinical systems. To understand the relationship between target engagement and inhibition of fibrosis, we measured pharmacodynamic and disease-related end points. Here, we report, GSK3008348 binds to αvβ6 with high affinity in human IPF lung and reduces downstream pro-fibrotic TGFβ signaling to normal levels. In human lung epithelial cells, GSK3008348 induces rapid internalization and lysosomal degradation of the αvβ6 integrin. In the murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, GSK3008348 engages αvβ6, induces prolonged inhibition of TGFβ signaling and reduces lung collagen deposition and serum C3M, a marker of IPF disease progression. These studies highlight the potential of inhaled GSK3008348 as an anti-fibrotic therapy. The αvβ6 integrin is key in activating the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, the authors show an inhaled small molecule αvβ6 inhibitor GSK3008348 induces prolonged inhibition of TGFβ signaling pathways in human and murine models of lung fibrosis via αvβ6 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E John
- Respiratory Medicine NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca H Graves
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - K Tao Pun
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ellen J Forty
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josie L Morrell
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John W Barrett
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rebecca F Rogers
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Maryam Hafeji
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lloyd I Bibby
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Elaine Gower
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Valerie S Morrison
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Yim Man
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - James A Roper
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jeni C Luckett
- Radiological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ben S Barksby
- Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel A Burgoyne
- Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rory Barnes
- Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joelle Le
- Drug Design and Selection - Molecular Design, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Flint
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Respiratory Medicine NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise A Organ
- Respiratory Medicine NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Respiratory Medicine NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Natasja Stæhr Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Diana J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pauline T Lukey
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Richard P Marshall
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Simon J F Macdonald
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Respiratory Medicine NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Robert J Slack
- Fibrosis DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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Cairns JT, Habgood A, Edwards-Pritchard RC, Joseph C, John AE, Wilkinson C, Stewart ID, Leslie J, Blaxall BC, Susztak K, Alberti S, Nordheim A, Oakley F, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. Loss of ELK1 has differential effects on age-dependent organ fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 120:105668. [PMID: 31877385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ETS domain-containing protein-1 (ELK1) is a transcription factor important in regulating αvβ6 integrin expression. αvβ6 integrins activate the profibrotic cytokine Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and are increased in the alveolar epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a disease associated with aging and therefore we hypothesised that aged animals lacking Elk1 globally would develop spontaneous fibrosis in organs where αvβ6 mediated TGFβ activation has been implicated. Here we identify that Elk1-knockout (Elk1-/0) mice aged to one year developed spontaneous fibrosis in the absence of injury in both the lung and the liver but not in the heart or kidneys. The lungs of Elk1-/0 aged mice demonstrated increased collagen deposition, in particular collagen 3α1, located in small fibrotic foci and thickened alveolar walls. Despite the liver having relatively low global levels of ELK1 expression, Elk1-/0 animals developed hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. The loss of Elk1 also had differential effects on Itgb1, Itgb5 and Itgb6 expression in the four organs potentially explaining the phenotypic differences in these organs. To understand the potential causes of reduced ELK1 in human disease we exposed human lung epithelial cells and murine lung slices to cigarette smoke extract, which lead to reduced ELK1 expression andmay explain the loss of ELK1 in human disease. These data support a fundamental role for ELK1 in protecting against the development of progressive fibrosis via transcriptional regulation of beta integrin subunit genes, and demonstrate that loss of ELK1 can be caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Cairns
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Rochelle C Edwards-Pritchard
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Alison E John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Chloe Wilkinson
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Iain D Stewart
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenetics, The Christ Hospital Health Network, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siegfried Alberti
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Ageing (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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5
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McDonald S, Yates D, Durrand JW, Kothmann E, Sniehotta FF, Habgood A, Colling K, Hollingsworth A, Danjoux G. Exploring patient attitudes to behaviour change before surgery to reduce peri-operative risk: preferences for short- vs. long-term behaviour change. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:1580-1588. [PMID: 31637700 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pre-operative intervention to improve general health and readiness for surgery is known as prehabilitation. Modification of risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption and an unhealthy weight can reduce the risk of peri-operative morbidity and improve patient outcomes. Interventions may need to target multiple risk behaviours. The acceptability to patients is unclear. We explored motivation, confidence and priority for changing health behaviours before surgery for short-term peri-operative health benefits in comparison with long-term general health benefits. A total of 299 participants at three UK hospital Trusts completed a structured questionnaire. We analysed participant baseline characteristics and risk behaviour profiles using independent sample t-tests and odds ratios. Ratings of motivation, confidence and priority were analysed using paired sample t-tests. We identified a substantial prevalence of risk behaviours in this surgical population, and clustering of multiple behaviours in 42.1% of participants. Levels of motivation, confidence and priority for increasing physical activity, weight management and reducing alcohol consumption were higher for peri-operative vs. longer term benefits. There was no difference for smoking cessation, and participants reported lower confidence for achieving this compared with other behaviours. Participants were also more confident than motivated in reducing their alcohol consumption pre-operatively. Overall, confidence ratings were lower than motivation levels in both the short- and long-term. This study identifies both substantial patient desire to modify behaviours for peri-operative benefit and the need for structured pre-operative support. These results provide objective evidence in support of a 'pre-operative teachable moment', and of patients' desire to change behaviours for health benefits in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McDonald
- The Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Yates
- Department of Anaesthesia, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - J W Durrand
- Department of Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - E Kothmann
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals of North Tees and Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - F F Sniehotta
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Habgood
- Department of Anaesthesia, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Deanery, UK
| | - K Colling
- Department of Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - A Hollingsworth
- Academic Department of Military Surgery & Trauma, Royal Center for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Danjoux
- Department of Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Philp CJ, Siebeke I, Clements D, Miller S, Habgood A, John AE, Navaratnam V, Hubbard RB, Jenkins G, Johnson SR. Extracellular Matrix Cross-Linking Enhances Fibroblast Growth and Protects against Matrix Proteolysis in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:594-603. [PMID: 29053339 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0379oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and fibroblast proliferation. ECM cross-linking enzymes have been implicated in fibrotic diseases, and we hypothesized that the ECM in IPF is abnormally cross-linked, which enhances fibroblast growth and resistance to normal ECM turnover. We used a combination of in vitro ECM preparations and in vivo assays to examine the expression of cross-linking enzymes and the effect of their inhibitors on fibroblast growth and ECM turnover. Lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1), LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 were expressed equally in control and IPF-derived fibroblasts. Transglutaminase 2 was more strongly expressed in IPF fibroblasts. LOXL2-, transglutaminase 2-, and transglutaminase-generated cross-links were strongly expressed in IPF lung tissue. Fibroblasts grown on IPF ECM had higher LOXL3 protein expression and transglutaminase activity than those grown on control ECM. IPF-derived ECM also enhanced fibroblast adhesion and proliferation compared with control ECM. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase and transglutaminase activity during ECM formation affected ECM structure as visualized by electron microscopy, and it reduced the enhanced fibroblast adhesion and proliferation of IPF ECM to control levels. Inhibition of transglutaminase, but not of lysyl oxidase, activity enhanced the turnover of ECM in vitro. In bleomycin-treated mice, during the postinflammatory fibrotic phase, inhibition of transglutaminases was associated with a reduction in whole-lung collagen. Our findings suggest that the ECM in IPF may enhance pathological cross-linking, which contributes to increased fibroblast growth and resistance to normal ECM turnover to drive lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vidya Navaratnam
- 2 Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Hubbard
- 2 Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Maher TM, Oballa E, Simpson JK, Porte J, Habgood A, Fahy WA, Flynn A, Molyneaux PL, Braybrooke R, Divyateja H, Parfrey H, Rassl D, Russell AM, Saini G, Renzoni EA, Duggan AM, Hubbard R, Wells AU, Lukey PT, Marshall RP, Jenkins RG. An epithelial biomarker signature for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis from the multicentre PROFILE cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2017; 5:946-955. [PMID: 29150411 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal disorder with a variable disease trajectory. The aim of this study was to assess potential biomarkers to predict outcomes for people with IPF. METHODS PROFILE is a large prospective longitudinal cohort of treatment-naive patients with IPF. We adopted a two-stage discovery and validation design using patients from the PROFILE cohort. For the discovery analysis, we examined 106 patients and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls from Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the Royal Brompton Hospital. We did an unbiased, multiplex immunoassay assessment of 123 biomarkers. We further investigated promising novel markers by immunohistochemical assessment of IPF lung tissue. In the validation analysis, we examined samples from 206 people with IPF from among the remaining 212 patients recruited to PROFILE Central England. We used the samples to attempt to replicate the biomarkers identified from the discovery analysis by use of independent immunoassays for each biomarker. We investigated the predictive power of the selected biomarkers to identify individuals with IPF who were at risk of progression or death. The PROFILE studies are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT01134822 (PROFILE Central England) and NCT01110694 (PROFILE Royal Brompton Hospital). FINDINGS In the discovery analysis, we identified four serum biomarkers (surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinase 7, CA19-9, and CA-125) that were suitable for replication. Histological assessment of CA19-9 and CA-125 suggested that these proteins were markers of epithelial damage. Replication analysis showed that baseline values of surfactant protein D (46·6 ng/mL vs 34·6 ng/mL, p=0·0018) and CA19-9 (53·7 U/mL vs 22·2 U/mL; p<0·0001) were significantly higher in patients with progressive disease than in patients with stable disease, and rising concentrations of CA-125 over 3 months were associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 2·542, 95% CI 1·493-4·328, p=0·00059). INTERPRETATION We have identified serum proteins secreted from metaplastic epithelium that can be used to predict disease progression and death in IPF. FUNDING GlaxoSmithKline R&D and the UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Eunice Oballa
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Juliet K Simpson
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Joanne Porte
- Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William A Fahy
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Aiden Flynn
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Braybrooke
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Helen Parfrey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris Rassl
- Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gauri Saini
- Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elisabetta A Renzoni
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Duggan
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Richard Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Athol U Wells
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Pauline T Lukey
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Richard P Marshall
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
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Brand OJ, Pasini A, Habgood A, Knox AJ, Jenkins G, Pang L. S52 Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) inhibits collagen deposition in a transforming growth factor β1-driven precision cut lung slice (PCLS) model of pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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John AE, Wilson MR, Habgood A, Porte J, Tatler AL, Stavrou A, Miele G, Jolly L, Knox AJ, Takata M, Offermanns S, Jenkins RG. Loss of epithelial Gq and G11 signaling inhibits TGFβ production but promotes IL-33-mediated macrophage polarization and emphysema. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra104. [PMID: 27811142 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) signaling links hundreds of G protein-coupled receptors with four G protein signaling pathways. Two of these, one mediated by Gq and G11 (Gq/11) and the other by G12 and G13 (G12/13), are implicated in the force-dependent activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in lung epithelial cells. Reduced TGFβ activation in alveolar cells leads to emphysema, whereas enhanced TGFβ activation promotes acute lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, precise control of alveolar TGFβ activation is essential for alveolar homeostasis. We investigated the involvement of the Gq/11 and G12/13 pathways in epithelial cells in generating active TGFβ and regulating alveolar inflammation. Mice deficient in both Gαq and Gα11 developed inflammation that was primarily caused by alternatively activated (M2-polarized) macrophages, enhanced matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) production, and age-related alveolar airspace enlargement consistent with emphysema. Mice with impaired Gq/11 signaling had reduced stretch-mediated generation of TGFβ by epithelial cells and enhanced macrophage MMP12 synthesis but were protected from the effects of ventilator-induced lung injury. Furthermore, synthesis of the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) was increased in these alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in the M2-type polarization of alveolar macrophages independently of the effect on TGFβ. Our results suggest that alveolar Gq/11 signaling maintains alveolar homeostasis and likely independently increases TGFβ activation in response to the mechanical stress of the epithelium and decreases epithelial IL-33 synthesis. Together, these findings suggest that disruption of Gq/11 signaling promotes inflammatory emphysema but protects against mechanically induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College, London, U.K
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Joanne Porte
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Anastasios Stavrou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | | | - Lisa Jolly
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Masao Takata
- Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College, London, U.K
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
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10
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Tatler AL, Barnes J, Habgood A, Goodwin A, McAnulty RJ, Jenkins G. Caffeine inhibits TGFβ activation in epithelial cells, interrupts fibroblast responses to TGFβ, and reduces established fibrosis in ex vivo precision-cut lung slices. Thorax 2016; 71:565-7. [PMID: 26911575 PMCID: PMC4893128 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a commonly used food additive found naturally in many products. In addition to potently stimulating the central nervous system caffeine is able to affect various systems within the body including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Importantly, caffeine is used clinically to treat apnoea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies. Recently, caffeine has been shown to exhibit antifibrotic effects in the liver in part through reducing collagen expression and deposition, and reducing expression of the profibrotic cytokine TGFβ. The potential antifibrotic effects of caffeine in the lung have not previously been investigated. Using a combined in vitro and ex vivo approach we have demonstrated that caffeine can act as an antifibrotic agent in the lung by acting on two distinct cell types, namely epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Caffeine inhibited TGFβ activation by lung epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on TGFβ activation in fibroblasts. Importantly, however, caffeine abrogated profibrotic responses to TGFβ in lung fibroblasts. It inhibited basal expression of the α-smooth muscle actin gene and reduced TGFβ-induced increases in profibrotic genes. Finally, caffeine reduced established bleomycin-induced fibrosis after 5 days treatment in an ex vivo precision-cut lung slice model. Together, these findings suggest that there is merit in further investigating the potential use of caffeine, or its analogues, as antifibrotic agents in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amanda Goodwin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robin J McAnulty
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Tatler AL, Habgood A, Porte J, John AE, Stavrou A, Hodge E, Kerama-Likoko C, Violette SM, Weinreb PH, Knox AJ, Laurent G, Parfrey H, Wolters PJ, Wallace W, Alberti S, Nordheim A, Jenkins G. Reduced Ets Domain-containing Protein Elk1 Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis via Increased Integrin αvβ6 Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9540-53. [PMID: 26861876 PMCID: PMC4850293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality. Active TGFβ1 is considered central to the pathogenesis of IPF. A major mechanism of TGFβ1 activation in the lung involves the epithelially restricted αvβ6 integrin. Expression of the αvβ6 integrin is dramatically increased in IPF. How αvβ6 integrin expression is regulated in the pulmonary epithelium is unknown. Here we identify a region in the β6 subunit gene (ITGB6) promoter acting to markedly repress basal gene transcription, which responds to both the Ets domain-containing protein Elk1 (Elk1) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Both Elk1 and GR can regulate αvβ6 integrin expression in vitro. We demonstrate Elk1 binding to the ITGB6 promoter basally and that manipulation of Elk1 or Elk1 binding alters ITGB6 promoter activity, gene transcription, and αvβ6 integrin expression. Crucially, we find that loss of Elk1 causes enhanced Itgb6 expression and exaggerated lung fibrosis in an in vivo model of fibrosis, whereas the GR agonist dexamethasone inhibits Itgb6 expression. Moreover, Elk1 dysregulation is present in epithelium from patients with IPF. These data reveal a novel role for Elk1 regulating ITGB6 expression and highlight how dysregulation of Elk1 can contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tatler
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom,
| | - Anthony Habgood
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Porte
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Alison E John
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Stavrou
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Hodge
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Kerama-Likoko
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alan J Knox
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Laurent
- the Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom, the Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Helen Parfrey
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Papworth Hospital NHSFT, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul John Wolters
- the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - William Wallace
- the Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom, and
| | - Siegfried Alberti
- the Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen University, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- the Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen University, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- From the Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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12
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Tatler AL, Barnes J, Habgood A, Goodwin A, McAnulty R, Jenkins RG. S66 Caffeine Inhibits TGFβ Activation by Epithelial Cells, Interrupts Fibroblast Responses to TGFβ, and Reduces Pulmonary Fibrosis in Ex VivoPrecision-cut Lung Slices. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lilburn DML, Tatler AL, Six JS, Lesbats C, Habgood A, Porte J, Hughes-Riley T, Shaw DE, Jenkins G, Meersmann T. Investigating lung responses with functional hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI in an ex vivo rat model of asthma. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1224-35. [PMID: 26507239 PMCID: PMC5026173 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a disease of increasing worldwide importance that calls for new investigative methods. Ex vivo lung tissue is being increasingly used to study functional respiratory parameters independent of confounding systemic considerations but also to reduce animal numbers and associated research costs. In this work, a straightforward laboratory method is advanced to probe dynamic changes in gas inhalation patterns by using an ex vivo small animal ovalbumin (OVA) model of human asthma. Methods Hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe was actively inhaled by the excised lungs exposed to a constant pressure differential that mimicked negative pleural cavity pressure. The method enabled hp 129Xe MRI of airway responsiveness to intravenous methacholine (MCh) and airway challenge reversal through salbutamol. Results Significant differences were demonstrated between control and OVA challenged animals on global lung hp 129Xe gas inhalation with P < 0.05 at MCh dosages above 460 μg. Spatial mapping of the regional hp gas distribution revealed an approximately three‐fold increase in heterogeneity for the asthma model organs. Conclusion The experimental results from this proof of concept work suggest that the ex vivo hp noble gas imaging arrangement and the applied image analysis methodology may be useful as an adjunct to current diagnostic techniques. Magn Reson Med 76:1224–1235, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M L Lilburn
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph S Six
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clémentine Lesbats
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Porte
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Jolly L, Stavrou A, Vanderstoken G, Meliopoulos VA, Habgood A, Tatler AL, Porte J, Knox A, Weinreb P, Violette S, Hussell T, Kolb M, Stampfli MR, Schultz-Cherry S, Jenkins G. Influenza promotes collagen deposition via αvβ6 integrin-mediated transforming growth factor β activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35246-63. [PMID: 25339175 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection exacerbates chronic pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A central pathway in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is epithelial injury leading to activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The mechanism and functional consequences of influenza-induced activation of epithelial TGFβ are unclear. Influenza stimulates toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which can increase RhoA activity, a key event prior to activation of TGFβ by the αvβ6 integrin. We hypothesized that influenza would stimulate TLR3 leading to activation of latent TGFβ via αvβ6 integrin in epithelial cells. Using H1152 (IC50 6.1 μm) to inhibit Rho kinase and 6.3G9 to inhibit αvβ6 integrins, we demonstrate their involvement in influenza (A/PR/8/34 H1N1) and poly(I:C)-induced TGFβ activation. We confirm the involvement of TLR3 in this process using chloroquine (IC50 11.9 μm) and a dominant negative TLR3 construct (pZERO-hTLR3). Examination of lungs from influenza-infected mice revealed augmented levels of collagen deposition, phosphorylated Smad2/3, αvβ6 integrin, and apoptotic cells. Finally, we demonstrate that αvβ6 integrin-mediated TGFβ activity following influenza infection promotes epithelial cell death in vitro and enhanced collagen deposition in vivo and that this response is diminished in Smad3 knock-out mice. These data show that H1N1 and poly(I:C) can induce αvβ6 integrin-dependent TGFβ activity in epithelial cells via stimulation of TLR3 and suggest a novel mechanism by which influenza infection may promote collagen deposition in fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jolly
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Stavrou
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Vanderstoken
- the McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Firestone Institute at St. Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada, and
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- the Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Anthony Habgood
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Porte
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Knox
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Weinreb
- Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Tracy Hussell
- the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kolb
- the McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Firestone Institute at St. Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada, and
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- the McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Firestone Institute at St. Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada, and
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- the Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- From the Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom,
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Stavrou A, Jolly L, Habgood A, John A, Hussel T, Blanchard A, Jenkins G. P144 Influenza infection affects the degree of fibrosis and apoptosis in the bleomycin mouse model. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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John AE, Luckett JC, Tatler AL, Awais RO, Desai A, Habgood A, Ludbrook S, Blanchard AD, Perkins AC, Jenkins RG, Marshall JF. Preclinical SPECT/CT Imaging of αvβ6 Integrins for Molecular Stratification of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2146-52. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Stavrou A, Jolly L, Habgood A, John A, Hussell T, Blanchard A, Jenkins G. S102 The Effect of Influenza Infection on Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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John AE, Luckett J, Awas R, Habgood A, Ludbrook S, Blanchard A, Perkins A, Jenkins RG, Marshall JF. S66 Targeted in Vivo Imaging of the αvβ6 Integrin in Mice with Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tatler AL, John AE, Jolly L, Habgood A, Porte J, Knox AJ, Huang X, Sheppard D, Jenkins G. S32 Loss/inhibition of the aVb5 integrin reduces allergen-induced increases in airway smooth muscle mass in in vivo models of asthma. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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John AE, Habgood A, Porte J, Tatler A, Jolly L, Offermanns S, Jenkins RG. S110 Targeted deletion of G q/G 11 in surfactant protein C-positive epithelial cells reduces TGFss activation and results in inflammation and alveolar airspace enlargement. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tatler AL, John AE, Jolly L, Habgood A, Porte J, Brightling C, Knox AJ, Pang L, Sheppard D, Huang X, Jenkins G. Integrin αvβ5-mediated TGF-β activation by airway smooth muscle cells in asthma. J Immunol 2011; 187:6094-107. [PMID: 22025551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma is associated with airway remodeling, characterized by structural changes including increased smooth muscle mass and matrix deposition in the airway, leading to deteriorating lung function. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine leading to increased synthesis of matrix molecules by human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells and is implicated in asthmatic airway remodeling. TGF-β is synthesized as a latent complex, sequestered in the extracellular matrix, and requires activation for functionality. Activation of latent TGF-β is the rate-limiting step in its bioavailability. This study investigated the effect of the contraction agonists LPA and methacholine on TGF-β activation by HASM cells and its role in the development of asthmatic airway remodeling. The data presented show that LPA and methacholine induced TGF-β activation by HASM cells via the integrin αvβ5. Our findings highlight the importance of the β5 cytoplasmic domain because a polymorphism in the β5 subunit rendered the integrin unable to activate TGF-β. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a biologically relevant integrin that is unable to activate TGF-β. These data demonstrate that murine airway smooth muscle cells express αvβ5 integrins and activate TGF-β. Finally, these data show that inhibition, or genetic loss, of αvβ5 reduces allergen-induced increases in airway smooth muscle thickness in two models of asthma. These data highlight a mechanism of TGF-β activation in asthma and support the hypothesis that bronchoconstriction promotes airway remodeling via integrin mediated TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tatler
- Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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