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Zhang CY, Farooq AV, Harocopos GJ, Sollenberger EL, Hou JH, Bouchard CS, Shieh C, Tran UL, Lubniewski AJ, Huang AJW, Paley GL. Corneal perforation in ocular graft-versus-host disease. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 24:101224. [PMID: 34805617 PMCID: PMC8586569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal perforation is a rare, vision-threatening complication of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is not well understood. Our objective was to examine the clinical disease course and histopathologic correlation in patients who progressed to this outcome. Methods This study is a retrospective case series from four academic centers in the United States. All patients received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) prior to developing ocular GVHD. Variables of interest included patient demographics, time interval between HSCT and ocular events, visual acuity throughout clinical course, corticosteroid and infection prophylaxis regimens at time of corneal perforation, medical/surgical interventions, and histopathology. Results Fourteen eyes from 14 patients were analyzed. Most patients were male (86%) and Caucasian (86%), and average age at time of hematopoietic stem cell transplant was 47 years. The mean interval between hematopoietic stem cell transplant and diagnosis of ocular graft-versus-host disease was 9.5 months, and between hematopoietic stem cell transplant and corneal perforation was 37 months. Initial best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 9 eyes, and all eyes had moderate or poor visual outcomes despite aggressive management, including corneal gluing in all patients followed by keratoplasty in 8 patients. The mean follow-up after perforation was 34 months (range 2–140 months). Oral prednisone was used prior to perforation in 11 patients (79%). On histopathology, representative specimens in the acute phase demonstrated ulcerative keratitis with perforation but minimal inflammatory cells and no microorganisms, consistent with sterile corneal “melt” in the setting of immunosuppression; and in the healed phase, filling in of the perforation site with fibrous scar. Conclusions In these patients, an extended time interval was identified between the diagnosis of ocular graft-versus-host disease and corneal perforation. This represents a critical window to potentially prevent this devastating outcome. Further study is required to identify those patients at greatest risk as well as to optimize prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Asim V Farooq
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - George J Harocopos
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Eric L Sollenberger
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Joshua H Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 100 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Charles S Bouchard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Health System, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, United States
| | - Christine Shieh
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, 2311 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Uyen L Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, 2311 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Anthony J Lubniewski
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Andrew J W Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Grace L Paley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
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Abbott RL, Adrean SD, Al-Muammar A, Akhtar J, Alfonso EC, Allen RC, Almond MC, Alvarenga L, Alward WLM, Ambrósio R, Anwar M, Azar DT, Ball JL, Barney NP, Bartow RM, Baum J, Belin MW, Bell JH, Benetz BA, Berbos Z, Beuerman RW, Bhasin AK, Bhat PV, Biber JM, Bidros M, Birnbaum AD, Bouchard CS, Bradley JC, Brandt JD, Brasington RD, Brilakis HS, Burkat CN, Calatayud M, Cameron JD, Campos M, Carpel EF, Cavanagh HD, Chan C, Chang RI, Chang BH, Chern KC, Ching S, Chodosh J, Choo PH, Chung G, Ciolino JB, Clayton JA, Cohen EJ, Comyn O, Cortina MS, Cowden JW, Croasdale CR, Davidson RS, Davis EA, Daya SM, Freitas DD, DeMill DL, de Oliveira LA, de Smet MD, de Sousa LB, Djalilian AR, Dohlman CH, Donnenfeld ED, Dortzbach RK, Driebe WT, Dunn SP, Eagle RC, Edelstein SL, Eiferman RA, Eliason JA, Farid M, Faulkner WJ, Feder RS, Feiz V, Feng MT, Fingert JH, Florakis GJ, Fontana L, Forster RK, Foster CS, Foster FS, Foulks GN, Friedlander MH, Fukuda M, Galor A, Gan TJ, Garg P, Garg S, Glasser DB, Goins KM, Goldstein DA, Gottlieb C, Grimmett MR, Gris O, Groos EB, Gruzensky WD, Güell JL, Gupta PK, Hamill MB, Hammersmith KM, Hamrah P, Hannush SB, Hardten DR, Harrison A, Heck EL, Heidemann DG, Herman DC, Heur JM, Hodge WG, Hoffman CJ, Holland EJ, Holland GN, Honig MA, Hood CT, Hoskins EN, Huang AJW, Huang D, Hui JI, Iuorno JD, Jackson WB, Jakobiec FA, Jeng BH, Jester JV, Jordan DR, Kaiura TL, Karp CL, Katz DG, Kaufman SC, Kersten RC, Khachikian SS, Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim SK, Kim T, Kirkness CM, Klyce SD, Koch DD, Kowalski RP, Krachmer JH, Laibson PR, Lane SS, Lass JH, Lee WB, Lee OA, Lemp MA, Lenhart PD, Li Y, Liesegang TJ, Lim MC, Lin LK, Lin MP, Lindquist TD, Lindstrom RL, Litoff D, Liu C, Lowder CY, Lubniewski AJ, McGee HT, McLean IW, Macsai MS, Manero F, Mannis MJ, Mantopoulos D, Martinez CE, Mártonyi CL, Mashor RS, Mathers WD, Mehta MN, Meisler DM, Mian SI, Miller D, Miller CA, Montoya M, Morral M, Moyes AL, Murphy ML, Nassiri N, Neff KD, Nelson JD, Nerad JA, Netto MV, Newton CJ, Nijm LM, Nishida T, Noble BA, Nordlund ML, Nussenblatt RB, O'Day DG, Ongkosuwito JV, Oxford KW, Palay DA, Palmon FE, Paranjpe DR, Parikh M, Park DH, Park DJJ, Parsons MR, Pavlin CJ, Pearlstein ES, Perry A, Petroll WM, Pfister DR, Pfister RR, Pflugfelder SC, Price FW, Price MO, Probst LE, Purcell JJ, Pyott AAE, Raizman MB, Raju LV, Randleman JB, Rao GN, Rapuano CJ, Reilly CD, de Candelaria Renesto A, Rezende RA, Robertson DM, Rootman DS, Rothman JS, Rubinfeld RS, Sadowsky AE, Saika S, Sakhalkar MV, Salz JJ, Sangwan VS, Scarpi M, Scharf BH, Schmidt G, Schmitt A, Schmitt FP, Schteingart MT, Schwab IR, Schwam BL, Schwartz GS, Sen HN, Shapiro MB, Shimmura S, Singal N, Skeens HM, Skolnick CA, Slomovic AR, Smith JA, Snyder ME, Solomon R, Soukiasian SH, Srinivasan S, Stamler JF, Steinert RF, Stoller GL, Streeten BW, Stulting RD, Sugar A, Sugar J, Tan D, Tauber J, Terry MA, Tessler HH, Torrabadella M, Traboulsi EI, Trattler WB, Tsai JH, Tse DT, Tu EY, Ursea R, Vaddavalli PK, Van Meter WS, Varley GA, Vasaiwala R, Verachtert AJ, Verdier DD, Vieira AC, Virasch VV, Wang L, Waring GO, Waring GO, Warner MA, Warrian KJ, Webster GF, Weikert MP, Weisenthal RW, Weiss JS, Wichiensin P, Wilhelmus KR, Wilson SE, Woodward MA, Yee RW, Yoo S. Contributors. Cornea 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06387-6.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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