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Groenendijk I, Grootswagers P, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Bazzocchi A, Meunier N, Caille A, Malpuech-Brugere C, Bialecka-Debek A, Pietruszka B, Fairweather-Tait S, Jennings A, de Groot L. Plant Versus Animal Protein Intake On Bone Mineral Density In A Combined Cohort Of Frail, Malnourished And Healthy Older Adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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2
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Ison C, Jennings A, Daley GM, Price LA. Moving away from dry ice: Improving safety and efficiency. Pathology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Autti S, Ahlstrom SL, Haley RP, Jennings A, Pickett GR, Poole M, Schanen R, Soldatov AA, Tsepelin V, Vonka J, Wilcox T, Woods AJ, Zmeev DE. Fundamental dissipation due to bound fermions in the zero-temperature limit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4742. [PMID: 32958764 PMCID: PMC7506006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground state of a fermionic condensate is well protected against perturbations in the presence of an isotropic gap. Regions of gap suppression, surfaces and vortex cores which host Andreev-bound states, seemingly lift that strict protection. Here we show that in superfluid 3He the role of bound states is more subtle: when a macroscopic object moves in the superfluid at velocities exceeding the Landau critical velocity, little to no bulk pair breaking takes place, while the damping observed originates from the bound states covering the moving object. We identify two separate timescales that govern the bound state dynamics, one of them much longer than theoretically anticipated, and show that the bound states do not interact with bulk excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Autti
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - S L Ahlstrom
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - R P Haley
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - G R Pickett
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - M Poole
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - R Schanen
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - A A Soldatov
- P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of RAS, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - V Tsepelin
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - J Vonka
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Wilcox
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - A J Woods
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
- Department of Physics and NHMFL High B/T Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - D E Zmeev
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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Bell DJ, Macrae AI, Mitchell MA, Mason CS, Jennings A, Haskell MJ. Comparison of thermal imaging and rectal temperature in the diagnosis of pyrexia in pre-weaned calves using on farm conditions. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:259-265. [PMID: 32442726 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring core body temperature is used as part of the diagnostic process in assessing the health of animals. Typically in calves, this is carried out using a rectal thermometer which can be time consuming, stressful to the calf and is invasive by nature. A non-invasive technique that is gaining recognition is thermal imaging. This study investigated the use of thermal imaging as a technique to assess core body temperature in pre-weaned artificially reared calves. A total of 125 male and female calves had rectal temperatures measured daily from day 7 until day 40 of life, and at the same time had a thermal image taken of the area around the medial canthus of the eye. A weak correlation (r = 0.28) was found between calf rectal temperature and thermal image temperature. A multivariable predictive model for core body temperature increased the correlation (r = 0.32) when including the environmental parameters of air temperature (p < .001) and wind speed (p < .001) as well as reconstituted milk replacer consumption (p < .01). The effectiveness of a predictive model including these parameters for the detection of calves with a core body temperature ≥ 39.5 °C was examined and found to have a sensitivity of 0% and a specificity of 100%. The results of this study demonstrate the need to take thermal environmental parameters into consideration when using thermal imaging to assess body temperature. However, the results suggest that accurate measures of core body temperature using thermal imaging cannot be achieved under commercial farm conditions. Further research is needed to determine what other factors could be measured to increase predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Bell
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9JG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - A I Macrae
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M A Mitchell
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C S Mason
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A Jennings
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M J Haskell
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Ghnewa YG, Fish M, Jennings A, Carter MJ, Shankar-Hari M. Goodbye SIRS? Innate, trained and adaptive immunity and pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:10-14. [PMID: 32291506 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The novel concepts within Sepsis‑3 criteria include a focus on dysregulated host responses, removal of the systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) criteria from sepsis diagnosis, the use of Sepsis-related (Sequential) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to define organ dysfunction, and the explicit recognition of the septic shock as a subset of sepsis. Protection against infection requires a surveillance system, an effector response against "perceived" pathogens, a method for regaining immune homeostasis following an immune response, and generation of immunological memory. In comparison to normally regulated responses to infection, the innate immune system shows profoundly abnormal neutrophil and macrophage function. Similarly, the adaptive immune system is typically depleted numerically of lymphocytes and functionally with T and B cell exhaustion. Although there are numerous proposed mechanisms by which these dysregulated immune responses may be associated with organ failure, it is unclear what the unifying organ failure mechanisms in sepsis are. Furthermore, in sepsis survivors, the epigenetic changes on immune cells and widespread changes to lymphocyte populations may increase the risk of adverse events such as rehospitalisation and mortality. Finally, our current gaps in understanding of the immune response trajectory and the associated modifiable mechanisms in sepsis leave us a long way from successful immunomodulation for these patients. This article is freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Ghnewa
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, Floor 5, Southwark Wing, SE1 9RT,, London, UK.,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT,, UK
| | - M Fish
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, Floor 5, Southwark Wing, SE1 9RT,, London, UK.,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT,, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, Floor 5, Southwark Wing, SE1 9RT,, London, UK.,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT,, UK
| | - M J Carter
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, Floor 5, Southwark Wing, SE1 9RT,, London, UK.,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT,, UK
| | - M Shankar-Hari
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, Floor 5, Southwark Wing, SE1 9RT,, London, UK. .,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT,, UK.
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Welch AA, Jennings A, Kelaiditi E, Skinner J, Steves CJ. Cross-Sectional Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and Carotenoid Intakes and Sarcopenic Indices in Women Aged 18-79 Years. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:331-342. [PMID: 31813016 PMCID: PMC7072069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in aging populations, so prevention is critical. Vitamins (A, C, E and carotenoids) modify skeletal muscle via protein and collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have not investigated intake of these vitamins in relation to sarcopenic indices in both younger and older-aged women. Indices of skeletal muscle mass (as fat-free mass (FFM) relative to body size) were measured using DXA and leg explosive power (LEP) using the Nottingham Power Rig in 2570 women aged 18-79 years. Adjusted measures of skeletal muscle were calculated according to quintiles of vitamin C, E, retinol and carotenoid intake, derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires, after stratification by age. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with significantly higher indices of FFM and LEP, (Q5-Q1 = 2.0-12.8%, P < 0.01-0.02). Intakes of total and individual carotenoids were significantly associated with indices of FFM and LEP (Q5-Q1 = 1.0-7.5%). Vitamin E was significantly associated with FFM% and FFMBMI only. In mutually adjusted analysis with vitamin C, total carotene, vitamin E and protein in the model, the strongest associations were with vitamin C. These associations were stronger in younger women (< 65 years). For the first time, our research shows higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin C, is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and power in free-living women. These findings have relevance for the treatment and prevention of frailty and sarcopenia throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Welch
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - E Kelaiditi
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, UK
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Jennings A, Rosen ER. 1138 Repeat Laparoscopy for Pregnancy of Unknown Location. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Hollier K, Jennings A. Improving Cardiovascular Care in Rural Victoria: Primary Health Nurses a Vital Link in the Chain. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Whittaker J, Meecham L, Summerour V, Khalil S, Layton G, Yousif M, Jennings A, Wall M, Newman J. Outcome after Turndown for Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery. J Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Jennings A, Lepage O, Mair T, Sherlock C. Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: Five cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jennings
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
| | - O. Lepage
- VetAgro Sup; University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
| | - C. Sherlock
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
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Pallister T, Jackson MA, Martin TC, Glastonbury CA, Jennings A, Beaumont M, Mohney RP, Small KS, MacGregor A, Steves CJ, Cassidy A, Spector TD, Menni C, Valdes AM. Untangling the relationship between diet and visceral fat mass through blood metabolomics and gut microbiome profiling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1106-1113. [PMID: 28293020 PMCID: PMC5504448 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Higher visceral fat mass (VFM) is associated with an increased risk for developing cardio-metabolic diseases. The mechanisms by which an unhealthy diet pattern may influence visceral fat (VF) development has yet to be examined through cutting-edge multi-omic methods. Therefore, our objective was to examine the dietary influences on VFM and identify gut microbiome and metabolite profiles that link food intakes to VFM. SUBJECTS/METHODS In 2218 twins with VFM, food intake and metabolomics data available we identified food intakes most strongly associated with VFM in 50% of the sample, then constructed and tested the 'VFM diet score' in the remainder of the sample. Using linear regression (adjusted for covariates, including body mass index and total fat mass), we investigated associations between the VFM diet score, the blood metabolomics profile and the fecal microbiome (n=889), and confirmed these associations with VFM. We replicated top findings in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant (⩾1 s.d. apart) for VFM, matched for age, sex and the baseline genetic sequence. RESULTS Four metabolites were associated with the VFM diet score and VFM: hippurate, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate, bilirubin (Z,Z) and butyrylcarnitine. We replicated associations between VFM and the diet score (beta (s.e.): 0.281 (0.091); P=0.002), butyrylcarnitine (0.199 (0.087); P=0.023) and hippurate (-0.297 (0.095); P=0.002) in VFM-discordant MZ twins. We identified a single species, Eubacterium dolichum to be associated with the VFM diet score (0.042 (0.011), P=8.47 × 10-5), VFM (0.057 (0.019), P=2.73 × 10-3) and hippurate (-0.075 (0.032), P=0.021). Moreover, higher blood hippurate was associated with elevated adipose tissue expression neuroglobin, with roles in cellular oxygen homeostasis (0.016 (0.004), P=9.82x10-6). CONCLUSIONS We linked a dietary VFM score and VFM to E. dolichum and four metabolites in the blood. In particular, the relationship between hippurate, a metabolite derived from microbial metabolism of dietary polyphenols, and reduced VFM, the microbiome and increased adipose tissue expression of neuroglobin provides potential mechanistic insight into the influence of diet on VFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pallister
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - M A Jackson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - T C Martin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - C A Glastonbury
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M Beaumont
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - K S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A MacGregor
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - C Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK.,Academic Rheumatology Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Kelaiditi E, Jennings A, Steves CJ, Skinner J, Cassidy A, MacGregor AJ, Welch AA. Measurements of skeletal muscle mass and power are positively related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3251-3260. [PMID: 27417218 PMCID: PMC5409925 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function are risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. We found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet score was significantly associated with greater fat-free mass and leg explosive power suggesting a role for the Mediterranean Diet in prevention of loss of muscle outcomes. INTRODUCTION The loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with age are contributing risk factors for the onset of sarcopenia, frailty, osteoporosis, fractures, and mortality. Nutrition may affect the progression and trajectory of these changes in skeletal muscle but the role of the micronutrient-rich Mediterranean diet (MD) has hardly been investigated in relation to these muscle outcomes. METHODS We examined associations between the MD score (MDS) and FFM% (fat-free mass / weight × 100), FFMI (fat-free mass/height2), hand grip strength, and leg explosive power (LEP, watts/kg) in a cross-sectional study in 2570 women aged 18-79 years from the TwinsUK study. Measurements of body composition were made using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. FFM%, FFMI, grip strength, and LEP were compared across quartiles of the MDS after adjustment for covariates, with CRP measured in a subgroup (n = 1658). RESULTS Higher adherence to the MDS was positively associated with measurements of muscle outcomes, with significant differences of 1.7 % for FFM% and 9.6 % for LEP (P trend <0.001), comparing extreme quartiles of intake, but not with grip strength or CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in a northern European population, we have observed significant positive associations between the MDS and FFM% and LEP in healthy women that are potentially clinically relevant, independent of the factors known to influence muscle outcomes. Our findings emphasize the potential role for overall diet quality based on the MD in the prevention of age-related loss of skeletal muscle outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelaiditi
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Skinner
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A J MacGregor
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A A Welch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Callaby R, Toye P, Jennings A, Thumbi SM, Coetzer JAW, Conradie Van Wyk IC, Hanotte O, Mbole-Kariuki MN, Bronsvoort BMDC, Kruuk LEB, Woolhouse MEJ, Kiara H. Seroprevalence of respiratory viral pathogens of indigenous calves in Western Kenya. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:120-4. [PMID: 27663380 PMCID: PMC5040193 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of infectious diseases in East African cattle have concentrated on gastro-intestinal parasites and vector-borne diseases. As a result, relatively little is known about viral diseases, except for those that are clinically symptomatic or which affect international trade such as foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Here, we investigate the seroprevalence, distribution and relationship between the viruses involved in respiratory disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), bovine parainfluenza virus Type 3 (PIV3) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in East African Shorthorn Zebu calves. These viruses contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) which is responsible for major economic losses in cattle from intensive farming systems as a result of pneumonia. We found that calves experience similar risks of infection for IBR, PIV3, and BVDV with a seroprevalence of 20.9%, 20.1% and 19.8% respectively. We confirm that positive associations exist between IBR, PIV3 and BVDV; being seropositive for any one of these three viruses means that an individual is more likely to be seropositive for the other two viruses than expected by chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Callaby
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK; James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - P Toye
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - A Jennings
- The Farm Animal Practice, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S M Thumbi
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7079, USA
| | - J A W Coetzer
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - I C Conradie Van Wyk
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - O Hanotte
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M N Mbole-Kariuki
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - B M de C Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - L E B Kruuk
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - M E J Woolhouse
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - H Kiara
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Jennings A. Planning for the next generation in UK dairy herds. Vet Rec 2015; 176:623-4. [PMID: 26067013 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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15
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Caumon E, Lyon N, Caille A, Berendsen A, De Groot L, Feskens E, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Pietruszka B, Brzozowska A, Jennings A, Fairweather-Tait S, Cano N, Meunier N. P285: Nouvelles stratégies alimentaires pour un vieillissement optimisé des seniors européens – Projet européen FP7 NU-AGE (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT01754012). NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Jennings A, Spencer R, Al-Niaimi A. Single Port Removal of a 45cm Pelvic Mass. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jennings A, Hughes CA, Kumaravel B, Bachmann MO, Steel N, Capehorn M, Cheema K. Evaluation of a multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service for adults with morbid obesity, or obesity and comorbidities, based in primary care. Clin Obes 2014; 4:254-66. [PMID: 25825858 PMCID: PMC4253319 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service in primary care recruited patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg·m(-2) , or 30 kg·m(-2) with obesity-related co-morbidity to a 1-year programme. A cohort of 230 participants was recruited and evaluated using the National Obesity Observatory Standard Evaluation Framework. The primary outcome was weight loss of at least 5% of baseline weight at 12 months. Diet was assessed using the two-item food frequency questionnaire, activity using the General Practice Physical Activity questionnaire and quality of life using the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire. A focus group explored the participants' experiences. Baseline mean weight was 124.4 kg and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg·m(-2) . A total of 102 participants achieved 5% weight loss at 12 months. The mean weight loss was 10.2 kg among the 117 participants who completed the 12-month programme. Baseline observation carried forward analysis gave a mean weight loss of 5.9 kg at 12 months. Fruit and vegetable intake, activity level and quality of life all improved. The dropout rate was 14.3% at 6 months and 45.1% at 1 year. Focus group participants described high levels of satisfaction. It was possible to deliver a Tier 3 weight management service for obese patients with complex co-morbidity in a primary care setting with a full multidisciplinary team, which obtained good health outcomes compared with existing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Abstract
Inadequate access to contraceptives is often considered the primary source of unmet need among women who desire to prevent pregnancy. This study evaluates two potential determinants of contraceptive use among Dominican women: (1) perceived access to family planning and (2) perceived personal reproductive control, a measure based in psychological theories of locus of control. Sexually active women aged 18-45 who did not desire fertility were surveyed to assess influences on contraceptive use. In-depth interviews were conducted among a subset of participants to contextualise survey results. Fewer than half (49%) of the 80 survey respondents had used contraception in the last 3 months. Higher personal reproductive control was significantly related to contraceptive use (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.34), however, higher perceived access to contraceptives was not (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23). Male partner influence was identified as a barrier to contraceptive use. In this population, high personal reproductive control is a better predictor of contraceptive use than perceived access.
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Lowther M, Curley R, Harrison S, Jennings A, Wildman M. 226 A work load study to determine the proportion of time spent on delivering rescue vs. prevention clinical care in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
This study was designed to examine how several methods for completing tasks (such as scrolling and zooming) differ when using touch screen devices. The goal of this research is to identify which methods produce the least amount of errors, and require the shortest amount of time when trying to accomplish a task. The study also aims to answer whether certain methods are better suited for different screen sizes (i.e., phone sized screen vs. a tablet sized screen). Results indicated that the phone sized device allowed users to complete all tasks more quickly but required greater effort to complete the task than the tablet sized device. Certain methods were identified to reduce the amount of time to accomplish a task, produce fewer errors, and reduce the effort required to accomplish a task.
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Vissers P, Jones A, van Sluijs E, Jennings A, Welch A, Cassidy A, Griffin S. Association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old British White children. Public Health 2013; 127:231-40. [PMID: 23332733 PMCID: PMC3712184 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study using data from the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study undertaken in Norfolk, UK. METHODS Data from 4-day food diaries and 7 days of accelerometery were matched on concurrent days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), time spent in sedentary behaviour and various measures of dietary intake were collected. Covariates included age, sex, weight status, family socio-economic status, and energy intake reporting quality. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for clustering of children by school and stratified by sex, were fitted to examine the associations between dietary measures and physical activity and sedentary outcomes. RESULTS In total, 1317 children (584 boys and 733 girls) provided concurrent data. Boys in the highest quartile of energy percentage from protein spent approximately 6 min [95% confidence interval (CI) 0-12] less in MVPA compared with boys in the lowest quartile. Those in the highest quartiles of fruit and vegetable intake and fruit juice intake had respective average activity counts per minute that were 56 above (95% CI 8-105) and 48 below (95% CI 2-95) those in the lowest quartiles, whilst those in the highest quartile of fizzy drink consumption spent approximately 7 min (95% CI 2-13) more in MVPA and approximately 14 min (95% CI 5-24 min) less in sedentary behaviour. Boys in the highest quartile of savoury snack consumption spent approximately 8 min (95% CI 2-13 min) more in MVPA per day, and approximately 12 min (95% CI 2-23) less in sedentary behaviour. No significant associations were apparent among girls. CONCLUSIONS Few associations were detected, and the directions of those that were apparent were mainly counterintuitive. The extent to which this reflects a true lack of association or is associated with the measurement methods used for diet and physical activity needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A.J. Vissers
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A.P. Jones
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - A. Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A. Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S.J. Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Sivasubramaniam S, Fooks A, Lee J, Stacey G, Jennings A. Gene delivery into neuronal and glial cells by using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector: prospects for neurological gene therapy. Cytotechnology 2012; 24:253-9. [PMID: 22358769 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007904429698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a recombinant adenovirus vector (E1-) expressing β-galactosidase to explore a novel mechanism with which to transfer genes into cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The replication-deficient adenovirus vector expressing β-galactosidase (RAd35) was propagated on a permissive helper cell line (293 cells). High level protein expression from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (hCMV IE) was obtained in a target cell population of RAd35 infected cultured neuronal and glial cell lines. Light microscopy showed that over 50% of the glial cells studied expressed β-galactosidase. Following retinoic acid treatment, RAd35 infected cell lines ND7/23, NG108 and NTera2, showed β-galactosidase expression in up to 90% of the cells. In addition, these cells showed morphological evidence of differentiation into neurons. This pattern of β-galactosidase expression was also observed in primary rat cerebella granule neuron cultures. In vivo studies were performed in Balb/c mice following direct intracranial injections of RAd35 into the brain. Cell sections showed a localised staining in the brain at the site of injection of the virus. Non-replicating adenovirus vectors are therefore highly efficient systems for delivering a transgene into brain cells. However, their broad cell tropism may limit their applications for genetic disorders in which a specific cell type is to be targeted for gene therapy. To address this problem, we have constructed adenovirus vectors which contain specific neuronal promoters and are currently assessing in vitro expression.
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Jennings A, Brennan C. Cell salvage for obstetric patients who decline blood transfusion - a national survey. Transfus Med 2012; 23:64-65. [PMID: 22994524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jennings
- Russells Hall Hospital; Dudley; West Midlands; DY1 2HQ; UK
| | - C. Brennan
- Russells Hall Hospital; Dudley; West Midlands; DY1 2HQ; UK
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Stek AM, Best BM, Luo W, Capparelli E, Burchett S, Hu C, Li H, Read JS, Jennings A, Barr E, Smith E, Rossi SS, Mirochnick M. Effect of pregnancy on emtricitabine pharmacokinetics. HIV Med 2012; 13:226-35. [PMID: 22129166 PMCID: PMC3342997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to describe emtricitabine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS The International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT), formerly Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG), study P1026s is a prospective pharmacokinetic study of HIV-infected pregnant women taking antiretrovirals for clinical indications, including a cohort taking emtricitabine 200 mg once daily. Intensive steady-state 24-hour emtricitabine pharmacokinetic profiles were performed during the third trimester and 6-12 weeks postpartum, and on maternal and umbilical cord blood samples collected at delivery. Emtricitabine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a quantification limit of 0.0118 mg/L. The target emtricitabine area under the concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to 24 hours post dose (AUC(0-24) ), was ≥7 mg h/L (≤30% reduction from the typical AUC of 10 mg h/L in nonpregnant historical controls). Third-trimester and postpartum pharmacokinetics were compared within subjects. RESULTS Twenty-six women had pharmacokinetics assessed during the third trimester (median 35 weeks of gestation) and 22 postpartum (median 8 weeks postpartum). Mean [90% confidence interval (CI)] emtricitabine pharmacokinetic parameters during the third trimester vs. postpartum were, respectively: AUC: 8.0 (7.1-8.9) vs. 9.7 (8.6-10.9) mg h/L (P = 0.072); apparent clearance (CL/F): 25.0 (22.6-28.3) vs. 20.6 (18.4-23.2) L/h (P = 0.025); 24 hour post dose concentration (C(24) ): 0.058 (0.037-0.063) vs. 0.085 (0.070-0.010) mg/L (P = 0.006). The mean cord:maternal ratio was 1.2 (90% CI 1.0-1.5). The viral load was <400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL in 24 of 26 women in the third trimester, in 24 of 26 at delivery, and in 15 of 19 postpartum. Within-subject comparisons demonstrated significantly higher CL/F and significantly lower C(24) during pregnancy; however, the C(24) was well above the inhibitory concentration 50%, or drug concentration that suppresses viral replication by half (IC(50) ) in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS While we found higher emtricitabine CL/F and lower C(24) and AUC during pregnancy compared with postpartum, these changes were not sufficiently large to warrant dose adjustment during pregnancy. Umbilical cord blood concentrations were similar to maternal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Stek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Full-day-care pre-schools contribute significantly to the nutritional intake and acquisition of dietary habits of the pre-school child. The present study investigated nutritional practices in full-day-care pre-schools in Dublin, Ireland, aiming to determine the nutritional support that pre-school managers deem necessary, thereby facilitating the amelioration of existing pre-school nutritional training and practices. METHODS A telephone questionnaire completed by pre-school managers (n=54) examined pre-school dietary practices, food provision and the association between these and pre-school size, nutritional training attendance, possession of the Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Pre-school Services and having a healthy eating policy. Nutritional training needs were also investigated. RESULTS Twenty-five pre-schools provided all food for attending children; parents were sole providers in six. Thirty-four pre-schools had a written healthy eating policy. Attendance at nutritional training was reported by 40. Possession of the Guidelines (n=40) did not consistently result in their use. Poor parental and staff involvement in policy and menu development was cited. Although the delayed introduction of iron-containing foods and a feeding beaker in infants was clearly evident, inappropriate beverages and snacks were served to children aged 1-5 years in 43 and 37 pre-schools, respectively. Training priorities cited by managers included parental education and the provision of information regarding menu planning and healthy food choices. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional training should advocate whole staff familiarity with and use of current guidelines, in addition to encouraging nutritional policy development and enforcement. Parental education is warranted. Dietary education should focus specifically on appropriate weaning practices, healthy beverage and snack provision and menu planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Wilson JD, Eardley W, Odak S, Jennings A. To what degree is digital imaging reliable? Validation of femoral neck shaft angle measurement in the era of picture archiving and communication systems. Br J Radiol 2011; 84:375-9. [PMID: 21159801 PMCID: PMC3473462 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/29690721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the reliability of femoral neck shaft angle (NSA) measurements made with the software and images available in routine clinical practice. METHODS Using the Centricity Enterprise™ (GE Healthcare Pty Ltd Piscataway, NJ) picture archiving and communication system (PACS), the NSA of the proximal femur was measured from anteroposterior radiographs of adult hips. 3 independent observers, using a standardised technique, performed a total of 120 measurements. RESULTS The Pearson's correlation coefficient for the intraobserver agreement was 0.98 (p<0.01) and for interobserver measurements 0.86 (p<0.01). Bland-Altman plots revealed the limits of intraobserver agreement to be ±2.5°, but interobserver limits of agreement to be ±6°. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated. The interobserver ICC was 0.62 (0.42-0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI); p<0.001). The intraobserver ICC was 0.98 (0.95-0.99, 95% CI; p<0.001). CONCLUSION PACS software has many advantages, but when using systems that can display angle measurements to one-tenth of a degree caution must be exercised to ensure that reliability of these measurements is not overestimated. We found that in the context of measuring the NSA of the proximal femur the reliability of the measurement, even under the best conditions, is only ±6° for different observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Wilson
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of North Durham, County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust UK.
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27
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Schneider SM, Gardner AF, Weiss LD, Wood JP, Ybarra M, Beck DM, Stauffer AR, Wilkerson D, Brabson T, Jennings A, Mitchell M, McGrath RB, Christopher TA, King B, Muelleman RL, Wagner MJ, Char DM, McGee DL, Pilgrim RL, Moskovitz JB, Zinkel AR, Byers M, Briggs WT, Hobgood CD, Kupas DF, Kruger J, Stratford CJ, Jouriles N. The future of emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17:998-1003. [PMID: 20836784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schneider SM, Gardner AF, Weiss LD, Wood JP, Ybarra M, Beck DM, Stauffer AR, Wilkerson D, Brabson T, Jennings A, Mitchell M, McGrath RB, Christopher TA, King B, Muelleman RL, Wagner MJ, Char DM, McGee DL, Pilgrim RL, Moskovitz JB, Zinkel AR, Byers M, Briggs WT, Hobgood CD, Kupas DF, Kruger J, Stratford CJ, Jouriles N. The Future of Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 56:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schneider SM, Gardner AF, Weiss LD, Wood JP, Ybarra M, Beck DM, Stauffer AR, Wilkerson D, Brabson T, Jennings A, Mitchell M, McGrath RB, Christopher TA, King B, Muelleman RL, Wagner MJ, Char DM, McGee DL, Pilgrim RL, Moskovitz JB, Zinkel AR, Byers M, Briggs WT, Hobgood CD, Kupas DF, Kruger J, Stratford CJ, Jouriles N. The Future of Emergency Medicine. J Emerg Nurs 2010; 36:330-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible influence of diet and body weight on bowel habit in children is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the inter-relationships between bowel function, excess body weight and dietary intake in a group of preadolescent children. METHODS Eighty-four preadolescent children aged 7-10 years were recruited [mean (SD) age 9.7 (1.0) years]. All children completed a bowel habit diary, examining specific parameters of bowel function and a weighed food inventory concurrently for seven consecutive days. Height and weight measurements were also taken. Children were grouped according to whether they met dietary recommendations and by overweight status; differences in bowel function between the groups were then analysed. RESULTS Children who exceeded reference values for fat were more likely to report an incidence of straining to start (P = 0.005) and pain during defaecation (P = 0.021). Subjects who met protein recommendations were less likely to report incomplete evacuation (P = 0.000) and those who met zinc recommendations were less likely to report pain during defaecation (P = 0.044). Excess body weight (according to International Obesity Task Force cut-offs) was also associated with poor bowel habit, with overweight and obese children reporting lower defaecation frequency and a higher incidence of straining and feelings of incomplete evacuation, although these findings were not statistically significant. Defaecation frequency in healthy children was 1.4 defaecations per day compared to 1.2 defaecations for overweight and obese children. CONCLUSION A poor diet that fails to meet dietary recommendations as well as being overweight and obese appears to be associated with increased defaecation problems in preadolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Academy of Sport, Physical Activity and Wellbeing, London South Bank University, London, UK.
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32
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Jennings A, Norman A, Whitelock D, Haynes S, James G. Elective peri-operative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation during maxillofacial free flap reconstructive surgery in a patient with severe cardiomyopathy. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:204-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3-hour window for treating stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) requires well-organized, integrated efforts by emergency physicians and stroke neurologists. OBJECTIVE To evaluate attitudes and knowledge of emergency physicians about intravenous t-PA for acute ischemic stroke, particularly in primary stroke centers (PSCs) with stroke neurology teams. METHODS A 15-question pilot Internet survey administered by the Arizona College of Emergency Physicians. RESULTS Between March and August 2005, 100 emergency physicians responded: 71 in Arizona and 29 in Missouri. Forty-eight percent practiced at PSCs; 48% thought t-PA was effective, 20% did not, and 32% were uncertain. PSC or non-PSC location of practice did not influence endorsement (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-1.64). Of those opposing t-PA, 87% cited risk of hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Most emergency physicians did not endorse t-PA. Improved collaboration between emergency physicians and stroke neurologists is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentley J Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Jennings A, Duggan E, Graif Y, Perry I, Hourihane J. Hymenoptera Sting Allergy in Irish School Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pierce E, Hildebrandt G, Askew D, Eid S, Jennings A, Cooke K. Differential Mechanisms for CD4+ and CD8+ Mediated Inflammation in the Development of Experimental Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Department of Haematology, Northampton General Hospital. Northampton, UK.
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments in clinical and laboratory medical practice have resulted in a large increase in laboratory workload, with considerable financial implications. It has been shown that the design of laboratory request cards can influence patterns of test ordering and possibly reduce inappropriate requests. AIMS/METHODS To redesign pathology request cards with a view to reducing inappropriate test requesting. RESULTS A redesign of the request cards used by general practitioners in the Bradford area led to a significant reduction in the ordering of specific investigations. CONCLUSIONS The redesigning of pathology request cards can have a beneficial effect on test requesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bailey
- St James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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38
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Abstract
Small research-based pharmaceutical start-ups often lack the budget and do not have the infrastructure available to apply all possible techniques for compound selection. This review details our use of a range of techniques such as high-throughput docking and similarity searching to maximize the success rate when attempting to identify pharmaceutically relevant ligands in a resource-constrained environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Syrrx, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Abstract
The effect of changes in runway width on the perception of glide-slope has been the subject of extensive investigations. Despite considerable research, an explanation of this effect has been elusive. A mathematical model for glide-slope perception was published recently based on the premise that a desirable goal of perception is to form a perception with minimal uncertainty. One of the qualitative predictions of that model was that changes in the aspect ratio of the runway would affect the perceived glide-slope. In this article, the predictions of the model are quantified and are shown to be in close agreement with experimental results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Galanis
- Defense Science and Technology Organization, Melbourne, Australia.
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Bromidge SM, Griffith K, Heightman TD, Jennings A, King FD, Moss SF, Newman H, Riley G, Routledge C, Serafinowska HT, Thomas DR. Novel (4-piperazin-1-ylquinolin-6-yl) arylsulfonamides with high affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT(6) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2843-6. [PMID: 11597412 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of (4-piperazin-1-ylquinolin-6-yl) arylsulfonamides and their binding affinities for a selection of 5-HT and dopamine subreceptors is described. Many compounds show high affinity (pK(i)>8) for the 5-HT(6) receptor and >100-fold selectivity against a range of other receptors. Structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- Discovery Chemistry Europe, GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, UK
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Barth JH, Balen AH, Jennings A. Appropriate design of biochemistry request cards can promote the use of protocols and reduce unnecessary investigations. Ann Clin Biochem 2001; 38:714-6. [PMID: 11732657 DOI: 10.1258/0004563011900957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to control laboratory workload in the past always proved to be short-lived. We designed a request card based on clinical conditions for a gynaecology out-patient clinic to help clinical staff to adhere to agreed investigation protocols. Each request card had a tick-box associated with a clinical condition. The tests performed for each condition were advertised on a poster in the clinic. The workload was assessed for a 2-year period before and after the introduction of these cards. The numbers of all endocrine tests, except progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin, fell by 19% (P<0.0001) whereas the clinical cases seen remained steady at 227 per month. This report demonstrates that agreed protocols can be implemented but that a persistent aide-mémoire is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Barth
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Leeds General Infirmary, UK.
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42
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Abstract
Computed tomography and MR imaging are valuable techniques for determining the presence and extent of substernal goiters, their impingement on adjacent structures in the neck and chest, and whether mediastinal masses are thyroidal in origin. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and the radiologic characteristics of substernal goiters. Radiographic examples of both techniques are included to illustrate common clinical settings. Finally, suggestions for choosing which patients will benefit from scanning and which technique will safely provide the maximum information in various clinical settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in the treatment of uveitis in association with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Uveitis is an unusual manifestation of MS that may be severe, chronic and require systemic immunosuppression therapy. High-dose IVMP has previously been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory eye disease and MS. Eight episodes of uveitis in five patients with MS were treated over a 10-year period in an open, uncontrolled trial. Two patients had chronic anterior uveitis, one patient had bilateral panuveitis and two patients had intermediate uveitis. RESULTS All patients responded to IVMP with evidence of a decrease in intraocular inflammatory activity and improved visual acuity (VA) within 2 weeks of commencing treatment. There were no severe ocular or systemic steroid side effects. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous methylprednisolone is an effective, well-tolerated form of therapy for uveitis in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wakefield
- School of Pathology University of New South Wales, Department of Ophthalmology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Jennings A. The use of available social support networks by older blacks. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2000; 10:4-13. [PMID: 10732592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Research has indicated that strong social networks positively influence the health of older Black adults. However, scales used in studies to measure social support do not reveal whether these networks are actually activated. The purpose of this descriptive study was to describe the reasons older Blacks with chronic illnesses did not utilize available support networks in their health care management. Following a community-based survey of 383 older Blacks, where each participant had a social support score completed from the Lubben Social Network Scale, a smaller group of 116 Blacks was selected to participate in a qualitative interview. It was found that 59 out of the 116 older Blacks had high social support scores on the Lubben Scale, but only 40 of these individuals reported the use of support networks for the maintenance of their health regimen. These findings illustrated that some older Blacks with strong support networks chose to function independently of their social support networks in the maintenance of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland State University, Ohio, USA
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Giles LJ, Jennings A, Ng B, Creed G, Gallard L, Pierre D, Beale R, McLuckie A. Treatment of hypophosphataemia in critically ill patients with a two day dosing regimen. Crit Care 2000. [PMCID: PMC3333095 DOI: 10.1186/cc891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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47
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Abstract
Knowing who supports elderly African Americans in adhering to their healthcare regimen is vital information. This study found that the majority of elderly individuals discussed their chronic illnesses and problems related to managing their illnesses with family members rather than with formal providers. Additionally, family members were also significant in coordinating transportation; assisting with managing medications, diet, and exercise regimens; and monitoring symptoms of chronic illnesses. These findings provide direction on how to develop effective care plans and affect positive outcomes for elderly African American clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44114-4435, USA
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Jennings A. Detecting viruses in sera: methods used and their merits. Dev Biol Stand 1999; 99:51-9. [PMID: 10404876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jennings
- Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, UK
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49
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Abstract
Root development is extremely sensitive to variations in nutrient supply, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We have investigated the processes by which nitrate (NO3-), depending on its availability and distribution, can have both positive and negative effects on the development and growth of lateral roots. When Arabidopsis roots were exposed to a locally concentrated supply of NO3- there was no increase in lateral root numbers within the NO3--rich zone, but there was a localized 2-fold increase in the mean rate of lateral root elongation, which was attributable to a corresponding increase in the rate of cell production in the lateral root meristem. Localized applications of other N sources did not stimulate lateral root elongation, consistent with previous evidence that the NO3- ion is acting as a signal rather than a nutrient. The axr4 auxin-resistant mutant was insensitive to the stimulatory effect of NO3-, suggesting an overlap between the NO3- and auxin response pathways. High rates of NO3- supply to the roots had a systemic inhibitory effect on lateral root development that acted specifically at the stage when the laterals had just emerged from the primary root, apparently delaying final activation of the lateral root meristem. A nitrate reductase-deficient mutant showed increased sensitivity to this systemic inhibitory effect, suggesting that tissue NO3- levels may play a role in generating the inhibitory signal. We present a model in which root branching is modulated by opposing signals from the plant's internal N status and the external supply of NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Institute of Arable Crops Research-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The author provides a case study of her daughter's sexual abuse as a child and subsequent experiences as a chronically mentally ill client in the mental health system. Information from 17 years of mental health records and anecdotal accounts are used to illustrate the effects of the abuse, her attempts to reach out for help, and the system's failure to respond. There is evidence that a significant subset of psychiatric patients were severely sexually traumatized in childhood. Yet standard interview schedules consistently neglect to ask questions about such abuse, appropriate treatment is seldom available, and clients are often retraumatized by current practices. Psychiatry's historic resistance to addressing abuse as etiology is being challenged today by powerful economic, political, and professional forces leading to the emergence of a new trauma-based paradigm.
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