1
|
Di Tinco R, Bertani G, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Bertacchini J, Sena P, Vallarola A, Tupler R, Croci S, Bonacini M, Salvarani C, Carnevale G. Role of PD-L1 in licensing immunoregulatory function of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:598. [PMID: 34863286 PMCID: PMC8643194 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are low immunogenic and hold immunomodulatory properties that, along with their well-established multi-potency, might enhance their potential application in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The present study focused on the ability of DPSCs to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment through PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Methods Inflammatory microenvironment was created in vitro by the activation of T cells isolated from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Direct and indirect co-cultures between DPSCs and PBMCs were carried out to evaluate the activation of immunomodulatory checkpoints in DPSCs and the inflammatory pattern in PBMCs. Results Our data suggest that the inflammatory stimuli trigger DPSCs immunoregulatory functions that can be exerted by both direct and indirect contact. As demonstrated by using a selective PD-L1 inhibitor, DPSCs were able to activate compensatory pathways targeting to orchestrate the inflammatory process by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-activated T lymphocytes. The involvement of PD-L1 mechanism was also observed in autologous inflammatory status (pulpitis) and after direct exposure to pre-activated T cells from RA patients suggesting that immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties are strictly related to their stemness status. Conclusions Our findings point out that the communication with the inflammatory microenvironment is essential in licensing their immunomodulatory properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rigillo G, Basile V, Belluti S, Ronzio M, Sauta E, Ciarrocchi A, Latella L, Saclier M, Molinari S, Vallarola A, Messina G, Mantovani R, Dolfini D, Imbriano C. The transcription factor NF-Y participates to stem cell fate decision and regeneration in adult skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6013. [PMID: 34650038 PMCID: PMC8516959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-Y promotes cell proliferation and its activity often declines during differentiation through the regulation of NF-YA, the DNA binding subunit of the complex. In stem cell compartments, the shorter NF-YA splice variant is abundantly expressed and sustains their expansion. Here, we report that satellite cells, the stem cell population of adult skeletal muscle necessary for its growth and regeneration, express uniquely the longer NF-YA isoform, majorly associated with cell differentiation. Through the generation of a conditional knock out mouse model that selectively deletes the NF-YA gene in satellite cells, we demonstrate that NF-YA expression is fundamental to preserve the pool of muscle stem cells and ensures robust regenerative response to muscle injury. In vivo and ex vivo, satellite cells that survive to NF-YA loss exit the quiescence and are rapidly committed to early differentiation, despite delayed in the progression towards later states. In vitro results demonstrate that NF-YA-depleted muscle stem cells accumulate DNA damage and cannot properly differentiate. These data highlight a new scenario in stem cell biology for NF-Y activity, which is required for efficient myogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Basile
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirko Ronzio
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sauta
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Latella
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Italian National Research Council and Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marielle Saclier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Molinari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vercelli L, Mele F, Ruggiero L, Sera F, Tripodi S, Ricci G, Vallarola A, Villa L, Govi M, Maranda L, Di Muzio A, Scarlato M, Bucci E, Maggi L, Rodolico C, Moggio M, Filosto M, Antonini G, Previtali S, Angelini C, Berardinelli A, Pegoraro E, Siciliano G, Tomelleri G, Santoro L, Mongini T, Tupler R. A 5-year clinical follow-up study from the Italian National Registry for FSHD. J Neurol 2020; 268:356-366. [PMID: 32813049 PMCID: PMC7815626 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is undefined. METHODS An observational cohort study was conducted in 246 FSHD1 patients. We split the analysis between index cases and carrier relatives and we classified all patients using the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Form (CCEF). The disease progression was measured as a variation of the FSHD score performed at baseline and at the end of 5-year follow-up (ΔFSHD score). FINDINGS Disease worsened in 79.4% (112/141) of index cases versus 38.1% (40/105) of carrier relatives and advanced more rapidly in index cases (ΔFSHD score 2.3 versus 1.2). The 79.1% (38/48) of asymptomatic carriers remained asymptomatic. The highest ΔFSHD score (1.7) was found in subject with facial and scapular weakness at baseline (category A), whereas in subjects with incomplete phenotype (facial or scapular weakness, category B) had lower ΔFSHD score (0.6) p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS The progression of disease is different between index cases and carrier relatives and the assessment of the CCEF categories has strong prognostic effect in FSHD1 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabiano Mele
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Silvia Tripodi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Villa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Govi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Louise Maranda
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Antonio Di Muzio
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, CeSI, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marina Scarlato
- INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Neurosciences, Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Previtali
- INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Berardinelli
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tomelleri
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy. .,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA. .,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pisciotta A, Bertani G, Bertoni L, Di Tinco R, De Biasi S, Vallarola A, Pignatti E, Tupler R, Salvarani C, de Pol A, Carnevale G. Modulation of Cell Death and Promotion of Chondrogenic Differentiation by Fas/FasL in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:279. [PMID: 32500073 PMCID: PMC7242757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are characterized by high proliferation rate, the multi-differentiation ability and, notably, low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties exerted through different mechanisms including Fas/FasL pathway. Despite their multipotency, hDPSCs require particular conditions to achieve chondrogenic differentiation. This might be due to the perivascular localization and the expression of angiogenic marker under standard culture conditions. FasL stimulation was able to promote the early induction of chondrogenic commitment and to lead the differentiation at later times. Interestingly, the expression of angiogenic marker was reduced by FasL stimulation without activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in standard culture conditions. In conclusion, these findings highlight the peculiar embryological origin of hDPSCs and provide further insights on their biological properties. Therefore, Fas/FasL pathway not only is involved in determining the immunomodulatory properties, but also is implicated in supporting the chondrogenic commitment of hDPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unitá Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anto de Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruggiero L, Mele F, Manganelli F, Bruzzese D, Ricci G, Vercelli L, Govi M, Vallarola A, Tripodi S, Villa L, Di Muzio A, Scarlato M, Bucci E, Antonini G, Maggi L, Rodolico C, Tomelleri G, Filosto M, Previtali S, Angelini C, Berardinelli A, Pegoraro E, Moggio M, Mongini T, Siciliano G, Santoro L, Tupler R. Phenotypic Variability Among Patients With D4Z4 Reduced Allele Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e204040. [PMID: 32356886 PMCID: PMC7195625 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is considered an autosomal dominant disorder, associated with the deletion of tandemly arrayed D4Z4 repetitive elements. The extensive use of molecular analysis of the D4Z4 locus for FSHD diagnosis has revealed wide clinical variability, suggesting that subgroups of patients exist among carriers of the D4Z4 reduced allele (DRA). OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical expression of FSHD in the genetic subgroup of carriers of a DRA with 7 to 8 repeat units (RUs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cross-sectional study included 422 carriers of DRA with 7 to 8 RUs (187 unrelated probands and 235 relatives) from a consecutive sample of 280 probands and 306 relatives from the Italian National Registry for FSHD collected between 2008 and 2016. Participants were evaluated by the Italian Clinical Network for FSHD, and all clinical and molecular data were collected in the Italian National Registry for FSHD database. Data analysis was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The phenotypic classification of probands and relatives was obtained by applying the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Form which classifies patients in the 4 following categories: (1) participants presenting facial and scapular girdle muscle weakness typical of FSHD (category A, subcategories A1-A3), (2) participants with muscle weakness limited to scapular girdle or facial muscles (category B, subcategories B1 and B2), (3) asymptomatic or healthy participants (category C, subcategories C1 and C2), and (4) participants with myopathic phenotypes presenting clinical features not consistent with FSHD canonical phenotype (category D, subcategories D1 and D2). RESULTS A total of 187 probands (mean [SD] age at last neurological examination, 53.5 [15.2] years; 103 [55.1%] men) and 235 relatives (mean [SD] age at last neurologic examination, 45.1 [17.0] years; 104 [44.7%] men) with a DRA with 7 to 8 RUs and a molecular diagnosis of FSHD were evaluated. Of 187 probands, 99 (52.9%; 95% CI, 45.7%-60.1%) displayed the classic FSHD phenotype, whereas 86 (47.1%; 95% CI, 39.8%-54.3%) presented incomplete or atypical phenotypes. Of 235 carrier relatives from 106 unrelated families, 124 (52.8%; 95% CI, 46.4%-59.7%) had no motor impairment, whereas a small number (38 [16.2%; 95% CI, 9.8%-23.1%]) displayed the classic FSHD phenotype, and 73 (31.0%; 95% CI, 24.7%-38.0%) presented with incomplete or atypical phenotypes. In 37 of 106 families (34.9%; 95% CI, 25.9%-44.8%), the proband was the only participant presenting with a myopathic phenotype, while only 20 families (18.9%; 95% CI, 11.9%-27.6%) had a member with autosomal dominant FSHD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found large phenotypic variability associated with individuals carrying a DRA with 7 to 8 RUs, in contrast to the indication that a positive molecular test is the only determining aspect for FSHD diagnosis. These findings suggest that carriers of a DRA with 7 to 8 RUs constitute a genetic subgroup different from classic FSHD. Based on these results, it is recommended that clinicians use the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Form for clinical classification and, whenever possible, study the extended family to provide the most adequate clinical management and genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Mele
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Govi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Tripodi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Villa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Muzio
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Center for Excellence on Aging, Gabrile D’Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marina Scarlato
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Inspe and Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tomelleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Inspe and Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Berardinelli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS, Casimiro Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Vallarola A, Bertani G, Mecugni D, Carnevale G. Neural crest derived stem cells from dental pulp and tooth-associated stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:373-381. [PMID: 31571644 PMCID: PMC6921350 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injuries, representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system, are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden. Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system, mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair, several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing. Based on the injury type, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far. Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, however these approaches own limitations, such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity. Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration, in fact, the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade. Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because of the ease of isolation procedures, stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities, which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest. In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models, highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Mecugni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Azienda USL - Institute and Health Care (IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zordani A, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Bertani G, Vallarola A, Giuliani D, Puliatti S, Mecugni D, Bianchi G, de Pol A, Carnevale G. Regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: In vitro and in vivo study. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12675. [PMID: 31553127 PMCID: PMC6868931 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI, an involuntary leakage of urine, is due to physical stress involving an increase in bladder pressure and a damage of external urethral sphincter affecting muscles and nerves. Conventional therapies can only relieve the symptoms. Human DPSCs are characterized by peculiar stemness and immunomodulatory properties and might provide an alternative tool for SUI therapy. Materials and methods In vitro phase: hDPSCs were induced towards the myogenic commitment following a 24 hours pre‐conditioning with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza), then differentiation was evaluated. In vivo phase: pudendal nerve was transected in female rats to induce stress urinary incontinence; then, pre‐differentiated hDPSCs were injected in the striated urethral sphincter. Four weeks later, urethral sphincter regeneration was assayed through histological, functional and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Human DPSCs were able to commit towards myogenic lineage in vitro and, four weeks after cell injection, hDPSCs engrafted in the external urethral sphincter whose thickness was almost recovered, committed towards myogenic lineage in vivo, promoted vascularization and an appreciable recovery of the continence. Moreover, hDPSCs were detected within the nerve, suggesting their participation in repair of transected nerve. Conclusions These promising data and further investigations on immunomodulatory abilities of hDPSCs would allow to make them a potential tool for alternative therapies of SUI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Histology Section, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Histology Section, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Histology Section, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Puliatti
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Mecugni
- Azienda USL-Institute and Health care (IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bianchi
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anto de Pol
- Histology Section, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Histology Section, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vallarola A, Sironi F, Tortarolo M, Gatto N, De Gioia R, Pasetto L, De Paola M, Mariani A, Ghosh S, Watson R, Kalmes A, Bonetto V, Bendotti C. RNS60 exerts therapeutic effects in the SOD1 ALS mouse model through protective glia and peripheral nerve rescue. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:65. [PMID: 29495962 PMCID: PMC5833072 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuromuscular system leading to complete paralysis and premature death. The multifactorial nature of ALS that involves both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes contributes to the lack of effective therapies, usually targeted to a single pathogenic mechanism. RNS60, an experimental drug containing oxygenated nanobubbles generated by modified Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow with elevated oxygen pressure, has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in different experimental paradigms. Since RNS60 interferes with multiple cellular mechanisms known to be involved in ALS pathology, we evaluated its effect in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. METHODS Co-cultures of primary microglia/spinal neurons exposed to LPS and astrocytes/spinal neurons from SOD1G93A mice were used to examine the effect of RNS60 or normal saline (NS) on the selective motor neuron degeneration. Transgenic SOD1G93A mice were treated with RNS60 or NS (300 μl/mouse intraperitoneally every other day) starting at the disease onset and examined for disease progression as well as pathological and biochemical alterations. RESULTS RNS60 protected motor neurons in in vitro paradigms and slowed the disease progression of C57BL/6-SOD1G93A mice through a significant protection of spinal motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions. This was mediated by the (i) activation of an antioxidant response and generation of an anti-inflammatory environment in the spinal cord; (ii) activation of the PI3K-Akt pro-survival pathway in the spinal cord and sciatic nerves; (iii) reduced demyelination of the sciatic nerves; and (iv) elevation of peripheral CD4+/Foxp3+ T regulatory cell numbers. RNS60 did not show the same effects in 129Sv-SOD1G93A mice, which are unable to activate a protective immune response. CONCLUSION RNS60 demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in C57BL/6-SOD1G93A mice by virtue of its effects on multiple disease mechanisms in motor neurons, glial cells, and peripheral immune cells. These findings, together with the excellent clinical safety profile, make RNS60 a promising candidate for ALS therapy and support further studies to unravel its molecular mechanism of action. In addition, the differences in efficacy of RNS60 in SOD1G93A mice of different strains may be relevant for identifying potential markers to predict efficacy in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vallarola
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sironi
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Tortarolo
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Gatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta De Gioia
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Translational Biomarkers Lab, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Analytical Biochemistry Lab, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS- Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Analytical Biochemistry Lab, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS- Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Bonetto
- Translational Biomarkers Lab, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sironi F, Vallarola A, Violatto MB, Talamini L, Freschi M, De Gioia R, Capelli C, Agostini A, Moscatelli D, Tortarolo M, Bigini P, Introna M, Bendotti C. Multiple intracerebroventricular injections of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells delay motor neurons loss but not disease progression of SOD1G93A mice. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:166-178. [PMID: 29154076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is considered a promising approach in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to be the most effective in ALS animal models. The umbilical cord (UC) is a source of highly proliferating fetal MSCs, more easily collectable than other MSCs. Recently we demonstrated that human (h) UC-MSCs, double labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles and Hoechst-33258 and transplanted intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into SOD1G93A transgenic mice, partially migrated into the spinal cord after a single injection. This prompted us to assess the effect of repeated ICV injections of hUC-MSCs on disease progression in SOD1G93A mice. Although no transplanted cells migrated to the spinal cord, a partial but significant protection of motor neurons (MNs) was found in the lumbar spinal cord of hUC-MSCs-treated SOD1G93A mice, accompanied by a shift from a pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β) to anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) and neuroprotective (IGF-1) environment in the lumbar spinal cord, probably linked to the activation of p-Akt survival pathway in both motor neurons and reactive astrocytes. However, this treatment neither prevented the muscle denervation nor delayed the disease progression of mice, emphasizing the growing evidence that protecting the motor neuron perikarya is not sufficient to delay the ALS progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sironi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Talamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Freschi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta De Gioia
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- USS Center of Cellular Therapy"G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Azzurra Agostini
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Tortarolo
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- USS Center of Cellular Therapy"G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nardo G, Trolese MC, Tortarolo M, Vallarola A, Freschi M, Pasetto L, Bonetto V, Bendotti C. New Insights on the Mechanisms of Disease Course Variability in ALS from Mutant SOD1 Mouse Models. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:237-47. [PMID: 26780365 PMCID: PMC8029191 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of progression rate and survival. This is probably one of the reasons for the failure of many clinical trials and the lack of effective therapies. Similar variability is also seen in SOD1(G93A) mouse models based on their genetic background. For example, when the SOD1(G93A) transgene is expressed in C57BL6 background the phenotype is mild with slower disease progression than in the 129Sv mice expressing the same amount of transgene but showing faster progression and shorter lifespan. This review summarizes and discusses data obtained from the analysis of these two mouse models under different aspects such as the motor phenotype, neuropathological alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the motor neuron autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms with the aim of finding elements to explain the different rates of disease progression. We also discuss the identification of promising prognostic biomarkers by comparative analysis of the two ALS mouse models. This analysis might possibly suggest new strategies for effective therapeutic intervention in ALS to slow significantly or even block the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nardo
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Maria Chiara Trolese
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Massimo Tortarolo
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Mattia Freschi
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
- Animal Facility, AriSLA, Fondazione Italiana di ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Translational ProteomicsIRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Translational ProteomicsIRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of NeuroscienceLaboratory Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tortarolo M, Vallarola A, Lidonnici D, Battaglia E, Gensano F, Spaltro G, Fiordaliso F, Corbelli A, Garetto S, Martini E, Pasetto L, Kallikourdis M, Bonetto V, Bendotti C. Lack of TNF-alpha receptor type 2 protects motor neurons in a cellular model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in mutant SOD1 mice but does not affect disease progression. J Neurochem 2015; 135:109-24. [PMID: 25940956 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the homeostasis of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have been demonstrated in patients and experimental models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the contribution of TNFα to the development of ALS is still debated. TNFα is expressed by glia and neurons and acts through the membrane receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, which may have opposite effects in neurodegeneration. We investigated the role of TNFα and its receptors in the selective motor neuron death in ALS in vitro and in vivo. TNFR2 expressed by astrocytes and neurons, but not TNFR1, was implicated in motor neuron loss in primary SOD1-G93A co-cultures. Deleting TNFR2 from SOD1-G93A mice, there was partial but significant protection of spinal motor neurons, sciatic nerves, and tibialis muscles. However, no improvement of motor impairment or survival was observed. Since the sciatic nerves of SOD1-G93A/TNFR2-/- mice showed high phospho-TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accumulation and low levels of acetyl-tubulin, two indices of axonal dysfunction, the lack of symptom improvement in these mice might be due to impaired function of rescued motor neurons. These results indicate the interaction between TNFR2 and membrane-bound TNFα as an innovative pathway involved in motor neuron death. Nevertheless, its inhibition is not sufficient to stop disease progression in ALS mice, underlining the complexity of this pathology. We show evidence of the involvement of neuronal and astroglial TNFR2 in the motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Both concur to cause motor neuron death in primary astrocyte/spinal neuron co-cultures. TNFR2 deletion partially protects motor neurons and sciatic nerves in SOD1-G93A mice but does not improve their symptoms and survival. However, TNFR2 could be a new target for multi-intervention therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tortarolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Lidonnici
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Battaglia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gensano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spaltro
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bio-imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Clinical Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Unit of Bio-imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Clinical Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy.,Renal Research Laboratory, IRCCS Foundation - Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & D'Amico Foundation for research on kidney disease, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Garetto
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Laboratory of Translational Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Laboratory of Translational Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|