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Alnuaimi AR, Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Ranade AV, Pintus G, Hamad M, Busch H, Kirfel J, Hamoudi R, Abdel-Rahman WM. Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer: A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1637-1653. [PMID: 36187394 PMCID: PMC9516648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon (CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD (l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya R Alnuaimi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Muhammad JS, Guimei M, Jayakumar MN, Shafarin J, Janeeh AS, AbuJabal R, Eladl MA, Ranade AV, Ali A, Hamad M. Estrogen-induced hypomethylation and overexpression of YAP1 facilitate breast cancer cell growth and survival. Neoplasia 2021; 23:68-79. [PMID: 33242831 PMCID: PMC7695929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) was shown to correlate with reduced survival in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, the exact mechanism of YAP1 regulation in BC cells remains ambiguous. Genomic sequence search showed that the promoter region of the YAP1 gene contains CpG Islands, hence the likelihood of epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. To address this possibility, the effect of estrogen (17β estradiol; E2) on YAP1 gene expression and YAP1 promoter methylation status was evaluated in BC cells. The functional consequences of E2 treatment in control and YAP1-silenced BC cells were also investigated. Our data showed that E2 modulates YAP1 expression by hypomethylation of its promoter region via downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B); an effect that seems to facilitate tumor progression in BC cells. Although the effect of E2 on YAP1 expression was estrogen receptor (ER) dependent, E2 treatment also upregulated YAP1 expression in MDA-MB231 and SKBR3 cells, which are known ER-negative BC cell lines but expresses ERα. Functionally, E2 treatment resulted in increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagic flux in MCF7 cells. The knockdown of the YAP1 gene reversed these carcinogenic effects of E2 and inhibited E2-induced autophagy. Lastly, we showed that YAP1 is highly expressed and hypomethylated in human BC tissues and that increased YAP1 expression correlates negatively with DNMT3B expression but strongly associated with ER expression. Our data provide the basis for considering screening of YAP1 expression and its promoter methylation status in the diagnosis and prognosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aisha Saleh Janeeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rola AbuJabal
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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El-Sherbiny M, Eladl MA, Ranade AV, Guimei M, Gabr H. Functional beta-cells derived from umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells for curing rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Singapore Med J 2019; 61:39-45. [PMID: 31535156 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2019120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic response to injected human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) among albino rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS Control group (GI; n = 25) rats were fed with standard rat diet. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus without (GII; n = 25) and with (GIII; n = 25) differentiated human UCBMSCs implantation were the test groups. Rats were sacrificed in Week 11 following implantation. Liver biopsies were sectioned and stained in order to highlight both the presence and function of impregnated cells in the liver tissue. RESULTS Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections in GI and GII rats showed normal liver architecture while GIII rats showed presence of cell clusters inside the liver tissue and around the central veins. Cell clusters with blue cytoplasm were present in sections in GIII rats but absent in GI and GII rats, indicating the presence of injected differentiated human UCBMSCs. The anti-human insulin immunostaining of GIII rats showed clusters of cells within the liver parenchyma and around central veins, indicating that these cells were active and secreting insulin. CONCLUSION UCBMSCs are proficient in differentiating into insulin-producing cells in vivo under specific conditions and, when transplanted into the liver of albino rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus, were able to secrete insulin and partially control the status of diabetes mellitus in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical College, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala Gabr
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Guimei M, Eladl MA, Ranade AV, Manzoor S. Autophagy related markers (Beclin-1 and ATG4B) are strongly expressed in Wilms' tumor and correlate with favorable histology. Histol Histopathol 2018; 34:47-56. [PMID: 29989143 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumor treatment has achieved great success in the last decade. Nevertheless, some cases still fail to respond to the current multimodality therapy. These cases fall mainly in the unfavorable histology group with very few belonging to the favorable histology group. In recent years, autophagy manipulation whether inhibition or stimulation has been shown to affect cancer cell behavior and has emerged as a novel mechanism to improve cancer cell response to currently used therapeutic regimens. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy related markers (ATG4B and Beclin1) in WT, its association with the different clinic-pathological parameters and its impact on patient survival. METHODS Twenty-one formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) WT specimens were immunohistochemically stained using autophagy related markers; Beclin-1 and ATG4B. All clinical, radiological and follow up data were retrieved from the patient records. RESULTS All specimens showed positive expression of both Beclin-1 and ATG4B. The staining score for Beclin1 varied between 50 and 300, and its expression was significantly associated with favorable histology (p=0.007). Similarly, ATG4B expression was significantly higher in favorable histology tumors compared to unfavorable histology (p=0.046). A statistically significant positive correlation between Beclin-1 and ATG4B expression was observed. The cumulative disease-free survival in patients with favorable histology was significantly higher compared to patients with unfavorable histology (p=0.0027). CONCLUSIONS Beclin-1 and ATG4B expression were both found to be statistically significant discriminators of survival. Collectively these findings suggest that the expression of autophagy-related markers is associated with a favorable histology and could predict better survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Guimei
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Eladl MA, Ranade AV, Guimei MM. Sharing Formative Exam Analysis Data with the Students Is a Useful Tool for Providing an Immediate Feedback During Learning. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.506.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Basic Medical Sciences DepartmentCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Anatomy and Embryology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Basic Medical Sciences DepartmentCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Mosheer Guimei
- Clinical Sciences DepartmentCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
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Ranade AV, Tripathi Y, Raghuveer CV, Rai R. Role of Ascorbic Acid in Ameliorating Testicular Tissue Damage Induced by Testicular Torsion and Detorsion: An Animal Model Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/28710.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ranade AV, Tripathi Y, Rajalakshmi R, Vinodini NA, Soubhagya RN, Nayanatara AK, Rekha DK, Kumari M. Effect of vitamin E administration on histopathological changes in rat testes following torsion and detorsion. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:742-746. [PMID: 22009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular torsion is a medical emergency, especially in male neonates and adolescents. It is a common clinical outcome and a significant urological issue. From the literature, it is evident that the use of antioxidants in the prevention of testicular reperfusion injury following detorsion is conflicting. This study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in testicular reperfusion injury following detorsion. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were divided into Groups I, II, III and IV. Only Group IV rats were pre-treated with vitamin E 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Ischaemia was induced manually by rotating the rat testis to 720 degrees clockwise and counter rotating for reperfusion. The testes were fixed in Bouin's fluid and processed for histopathological examination. RESULTS A significant decrease in the standard tubular diameter and epithelial height was observed in Group III rats compared to those in Groups I and II. However, the seminiferous tubules in Group IV rats showed recovery in the standard tubular diameter and epithelial height when compared with the untreated control groups. CONCLUSION The results showed that vitamin E, when administered before torsion of the spermatic cord in rats, provided significant protection against acute testicular torsion and detorsion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ranade
- Department of Anatomy, Gulf Medical College, PO Box 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Nayak SR, Krishnamurthy A, Kumar SJM, Prabhu LV, Potu BK, D’Costa S, Ranade AV. Palmar type of median artery as a source of superficial palmar arch: a cadaveric study with its clinical significance. Hand (N Y) 2010; 5:31-6. [PMID: 19384461 PMCID: PMC2820621 DOI: 10.1007/s11552-009-9197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The superficial palmar arch (SPA) and its contributing arteries are highly variable. The palmar type of median artery (PMA) can be involved in the formation of the SPA by replacing the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (RA) or the ulnar artery (UA). The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of the PMA and its contribution in the formation of SPA in 42 cadavers (84 upper limbs) of Indian origin. When there was a PMA, its outer diameter was measured in the carpal tunnel. The PMA was found in 13 upper limbs (15.4%), and of these ten incidences (11.9%), the PMA took part in the formation of SPA, and in three instances (3.5%), the PMA did not make up part of the SPA. Out of the ten cases in which the PMA contributed to the formation of SPA, in six cases (7.1%), the PMA anastomosed with the UA; in three cases (3.5%), the PMA anastomosed with both the UA and the RA, and in one incidence (1.1%), the PMA joined the arteria radialis indicis (deep branch of the RA) to complete the SPA. The outer diameters of the median arteries varied between 0.8 and 2.6 mm with the mean value of 1.7 mm. The present study concludes that the median-ulnar type of SPA was the most common type of SPA when the PMA was encountered as a source of superficial arterial arcade of the hand, followed by the radial-median-ulnar type. The vascular patterns found in this study are important to hand surgeons. The present study of PMA origin, course, and its contribution to the SPA will add to the existing knowledge of the vascular anatomy of forearm and hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya R. Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka India 575004
| | - Ashwin Krishnamurthy
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka India 575004
| | - SJ Madhan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, P.S.G Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, TamilNadu India
| | - Latha V. Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka India 575004
| | - Bhagath Kumar Potu
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Sujatha D’Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka India 575004
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Department of Anatomy, Gulf Medical University, P. O. Box 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Nayak SR, Krishnamurthy A, Ramanathan L, Ranade AV, Prabhu LV, Jiji PJ, Rai R, Chettiar GK, Potu BK. Anatomy of plantaris muscle: a study in adult Indians. Clin Ter 2010; 161:249-252. [PMID: 20589356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The plantaris muscle (PM) and its tendon is subject to considerable variation in both the points of origin and of insertion. The present study was carried out to fi nd the different types of origin, insertion and possible variations of the PM in the population of southern costal region of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS 52 embalmed (Formalin fixed) cadaver lower limbs of 26 males (age ranged 48-79 years, mean age 68 years) were dissected, to study the origin and insertion of PM. Various dimensions (length and width) of plantaris muscle belly and its tendon were also measured. RESULTS Three types of origin and equal number of insertion were noticed in the present study. The PM took origin from type I: Lateral Supracondylar ridge, Capsule of Knee joint and Lateral head of gastrocnemius in 73.07% cases; type II: Capsule of Knee joint and Lateral head of gastronemius in 5.76% cases; type III: Lateral Supracondylar ridge , Capsule of Knee joint , Lateral head of gastrocnemius and fibular collateral ligament in 13.46% cases. The plantaris tendon was inserted into type I: to the flexor retinaculum of foot in 28.84% cases; type II: independently to the os calcaneum in 36.53% cases; type III: to the tendocalcaneus at various levels in 26.92% cases. In four lower limbs (7.69%) the plantaris muscle was completely absent. Additionally the length and width of the plantaris muscle and its tendon were measured to know any side difference. There were no statistically significant differences between the measurements of left and right side (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Present study will help the surgeons while attempting various surgical procedures in and around the posterior aspect of knee involving plantaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, CBS, Bejai, Mangalore, Karnataka.
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Jayakumary M, Jayadevan S, Ranade AV, Mathew E. Prevalence and pattern of dokha use among medical and allied health students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010; 11:1547-1549. [PMID: 21338195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, tobacco is considered to be one among the leading causes of death. Dokha is a mixture of Iranian tobacco with aromatic leaf and bark herbs, smoked in a small pipe termed a Midwakh thought to have originated in the Arabian Peninsula. The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence and pattern of dokha use among Medical University students. Prior to participation in the study, the students were provided with information on the purpose of the study and also assured that confidentiality would be maintained. A self-administered questionnaire was then utilized for collection of data which were processed using Excel spread sheet and analysed using PASW 17. A total of 104 students between 17 and 27 years of age participated, 75% of the respondents being females. The prevalence of dokha smoking was higher among male participants than females. Among dokha smokers, the majority (18.6%) were from the College of Allied Health Sciences. 11.5% reported as being lifetime smokers of dokha and 25% had smoked dokha daily over the past month. We conclude that dokha use among our target population is common and hence favor developmentn of an anti-smoking program for university students.
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Prabhu LV, Ranade AV, Rai R, Pai MM, Kumar A, Sinha P, Nayak SR. The nasal septum: an osteometric study of 16 cadaver specimens. Ear Nose Throat J 2009; 88:1052-1056. [PMID: 19688715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the shape, dimensions, and other morphologic characteristics of the nasal septum are scant in the literature. We conducted a study of 16 male cadavers to measure six osseous components of the nasal septum and to calculate the proportional contribution that each made to the total septal bone surface area. We found a wide range of inter-specimen variations in both categories. It is our hope that a better understanding of nasoseptal anatomy will improve surgical technique.
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Abstract
Studies of the shape, dimensions, and other morphologic characteristics of the nasal septum are scant in the literature. We conducted a study of 16 male cadavers to measure six osseous components of the nasal septum and to calculate the proportional contribution that each made to the total septal bone surface area. We found a wide range of inter-specimen variations in both categories. It is our hope that a better understanding of nasoseptal anatomy will improve surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Department of Anatomy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajalakshmi Rai
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Mangala M. Pai
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Prakash Sinha
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
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Nayak SR, Ramanathan L, Krishnamurthy A, Prabhu LV, Madhyastha S, Potu BK, Ranade AV. Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, nerve supply and its role in lateral epicondylitis. Surg Radiol Anat 2009; 32:207-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-009-0526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ranade AV, Rai R, Pai MM, Nayak SR, Krisnamurthy A, Narayana S. Anatomical variations of the thyroid gland: possible surgical implications. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:831-834. [PMID: 18946620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The organogenesis of the thyroid gland in humans is often disturbed, leading to a variety of morphological variations of the gland, such as hypoplasia, ectopy, hemiagenesis and agenesis. As the morphological variations are usually diagnosed incidentally during examination for other thyroid gland diseases, the true incidence is therefore uncertain. METHODS This study was structured to investigate the gross anatomical features of the thyroid gland in 105 (88 male and 17 female) cadavers from the coastal belt of southern India, an endemic goitre region. RESULTS The pyramidal lobe was present in 61 (58 percent) male cadavers, and 52 (49.5 percent) cadavers showed the presence of the levator glandulae thyroideae. 33 percent of the specimens studied showed agenesis of the isthmus. However, the accessory thyroid tissue was found in only one cadaver. CONCLUSION This study highlights the various developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, which forms a cornerstone to safe and effective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ranade
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575004, India.
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Prakash, Rai R, Ranade AV, Prabhu LV, Pai MM, Gajendra S. Multiple Variations of Extensor Muscles of Forearm in Relation to the Radial Nerve: a Case Report and Review. INT J MORPHOL 2008. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022008000200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Variations of arm flexors are not uncommon with the exception of brachialis muscle. The role of brachialis is critical as it is the primary flexor of the elbow joint. Variations of brachialis are rare in literature. We present a case of an accessory-brachialis muscle (AcBr), found during routine cadaveric dissection. The AcBr originated from the lateral aspect of the brachialis muscle and lateral intermuscular septum. During its course towards the elbow, it crossed over the radial nerve and the distal tendon splits into two. The medial slip ran over the ulnar artery and merged with the deep fascia covering the pronator teres muscle, whereas lateral slip was inserted to the fascia covering the supinator. In the ipsilateral arm, an additional lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (LCNF) was found coursing over the brachialis muscle medial to the LCNF. Clinical consideration of the present variations has been discussed. The present variation should be considered in the etiology of radial-tunnel syndrome (RTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Pai
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nayak SR, Krishnamurthy A, Prabhu LV, Rai R, Ranade AV, Madhyastha S. Anatomical variation of radial wrist extensor muscles: a study in cadavers. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008; 63:85-90. [PMID: 18297212 PMCID: PMC2664178 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322008000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles are quite useful in tendon transfer, such as in correction of finger clawing and restoration of thumb opposition. Knowledge of additional radial wrist extensor muscle bellies with independent tendons is useful in the above-mentioned surgical procedures. METHODS The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and antebrachial fascia of 48 (24 on the right side and 24 on left side) male upper limb forearms were dissected. The following aspects were then analyzed: (a) the presence of additional muscle bellies of radial wrist extensors, (b) the origin and insertion of the additional muscle, and (c) measurements of the muscle bellies and their tendons. RESULTS Five out of 48 upper limbs (10.41%) had additional radial wrist extensors; this occurred in 3 out of 24 left upper limbs (12.5%) and 2 out of 24 right upper limbs (8.3%). In one of the right upper limbs, two additional muscles were found. The length and width of each additional muscle belly and its tendon ranged between 2 - 15 cm by 0.35 - 6.4 cm and 2.8 - 20.8 cm by 0.2 0.5 cm, respectively. The additional radial wrist extensor tendons in our study basically originated either from the extensor carpi radialis longus or brevis muscles and were inserted at the base of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal bone. CONCLUSION The present study will inform surgeons about the different varieties of additional radial wrist extensors and the frequency of their occurrence.
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Ranade AV, Rai R, Prahbu LV, Mangala K, Nayak SR. Arched left gonadal artery over the left renal vein associated with double left renal artery. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e332-e334. [PMID: 18043830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the anatomical relationship of the gonadal arteries to the renal vessels are frequently reported. We present, on a male cadaver, an unusual origin and course of a left testicular artery arching over the left renal vein along with double renal arteries. The development of this anomaly is discussed in detail. Compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery usually induces left renal vein hypertension, resulting in varicocele. We propose that the arching of left testicular artery over the left renal vein could be an additional possible cause of the left renal vein compression. Therefore, knowledge of the possible existence of arching gonadal vessels in relation to the renal vein could be of paramount importance to vascular surgeons and urologists during surgery in the retroperitoneal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ranade
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575004, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
The knowledge of anatomical variations in the antebrachial and dorsal regions of the arm and hand are useful in hand surgery. The extensor carpi radialis intermedius and extensor carpi radialis accessorius are two classic variants described for the radial wrist extensors, in the antebrachial region. We report an additional extensor carpi radialis muscle taking origin from the common extensor origin, between the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor digitorum communis. The tendon of the variant muscle divides below the abductor pollicis longus and becomes attached to the base of the second and third metacarpal bone. Due to its considerable size and independent origin from the lateral epicondyle, we suggest the present variation should be named extensor carpi radialis tertius. The clinical significance of the present variation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya R Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai, Mangalore 575004, Karnataka, India.
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Rai R, Ranade AV, Prabhu LV, Pai MM. Third head of biceps brachii in an Indian population. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:929-31. [PMID: 17909679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biceps brachii is one of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. It is characteristically described as a two-headed muscle that originates proximally by a long head and a short head. The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of a third head of biceps brachii among a sample Indian population from the southern coastal part. METHODS The arms of 42 cadavers were dissected and observed for variations in the origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. The cadavers were embalmed and preserved in ten percent formalin. RESULTS Among 42 arms studied, three had biceps brachii with three heads on the right side. The third head was of humeral origin, which inserted into the radial tuberosity by a common tendon with the long and short heads. The results of the present study compared with that of previous studies from medical literature shows that the occurrence of a third head of the biceps brachii muscle is relatively rare in Indians. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the existence of the third head of biceps brachii may become significant in preoperative diagnosis and during surgery of the upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rai
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575004, Karnataka, India.
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Prabhu LV, Saralaya VV, Pai MM, Ranade AV, Singh G, Madhyastha S. Vertebral body integrity: a review of various anatomical factors involved in the lumbar region. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:891-903. [PMID: 17404781 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The body of the vertebra can be affected in the majority of the conditions involving the lumbar spine. Multiple references, both books and periodicals, have been reviewed, and the anatomical factors responsible for the vertebral body integrity in the lumbar spine have been included under the following important areas, namely, morphology, development, genetics, microscopic examination using histology, structural architecture, blood supply, neuromuscular control, and biomechanics. INTRODUCTION The anatomy provides a three-dimensional frame work to support the interaction between the physiological and pathological alterations. The body of the vertebra can be affected in a majority of acute or chronic conditions involving the lumbar spine. The etiology of these conditions is multifactorial, which has been dealt with in previous studies sporadically. This study aims to review and incorporate the important anatomical factors which can influence the integrity of vertebral bodies in the lumbar region and manifest as low back pain. METHODS Multiple references, both books and periodicals, have been reviewed for the literature. Electronic databases, including Medline and PubMed, were used to collect the latest information. They were finally arranged in an anatomical framework for the article. An attempt has been made to cover these relevant issues in an integrated way in the article and have been structured into introduction, morphology, development, genetics, microscopic examination using histology, structural architecture, blood supply, neuromuscular control, biomechanics, and conclusion. The aforementioned anatomical aspects, some of which have received less attention in the literature, may be helpful to clinicians for restoring the mobility, stability, and load bearing capacity of the lumbar spine as well as planning better management strategies, especially for the chronic low back pain. RESULTS In our article all the anatomical factors affecting the integrity of vertebral body, including the morphology, development, genetics, growth and ossification, blood supply, specifically in the lumbar region, have been described, which were not covered earlier. The limitations of this review is its wide dimensions; hence, there are fair scopes of missing many relevant facts, as all of them cannot be compiled in a single article. We have attempted to confine our views to different anatomical domains only, this is our second limitation. Additional studies are required to incorporate and discuss the uncovered relevant scientific details. CONCLUSIONS The integrity of the body of the lumbar vertebra is multifactorial (Fig. 8). The vast spectrum of the anatomical domain influencing it has been summarized. The evolution of erect posture is a landmark in the morphology of human beings and the lumbar lordosis, which has also contributed to the gross design of the vertebral body, is one of the most important adaptations for axial loading and bipedal movements. The role of metamerism in the evolution of vertebrate morphology is repeated in the development of spine. The body of the vertebra is intersegmental in origin, which results in dual vascular and nerve supply, both from superior and inferior aspects of the body of the lumbar vertebrae. The vertebral body ossifies from three primary centers, one for centrum, which will form the major portion of body, and the other two for neural arches. The cartilaginous growth plate is mainly responsible for the longitudinal vertebral growth. Regional differentiation of the vertebral column, and the definite pattern of the structure of the different vertebra, is regulated by a large number of genetic factors, including the Hox genes. The vertebral body design therefore provides the requirements for optimal load transfer by maximal strength with minimal weight. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone quality, microarchitecture, and material properties are the important factors that contribute to bone strength. BMD is highly heritable; bone mineral distribution and architecture are also shown to be under strong genetic influence. All the aforementioned factors finally integrate to ensure mainly the mobility, stability, and load bearing capacity of the lumbar spine.
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Ranade AV, Rai R, Prabhu LV, Kumaran M, Kumar A. Morphometric Study on the Tibial Collateral Ligament. INT J MORPHOL 2006. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022006000500026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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