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O'Sullivan E, Lavelle A. Effect of anterior quadratus lumborum block on morphine consumption in minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:556-557. [PMID: 38198509 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Lavelle
- St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Danne C, Lamas B, Lavelle A, Michel ML, Da Costa G, Pham HP, Lefevre A, Bridonneau C, Bredon M, Planchais J, Straube M, Emond P, Langella P, Sokol H. Dissecting the respective roles of microbiota and host genetics in the susceptibility of Card9 -/- mice to colitis. Microbiome 2024; 12:76. [PMID: 38649950 PMCID: PMC11036619 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear but involves both genetics and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. Indeed, exacerbated activation of the gastrointestinal immune system toward the gut microbiota occurs in genetically susceptible hosts and under the influence of the environment. For instance, a majority of IBD susceptibility loci lie within genes involved in immune responses, such as caspase recruitment domain member 9 (Card9). However, the relative impacts of genotype versus microbiota on colitis susceptibility in the context of CARD9 deficiency remain unknown. RESULTS Card9 gene directly contributes to recovery from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by inducing the colonic expression of the cytokine IL-22 and the antimicrobial peptides Reg3β and Reg3γ independently of the microbiota. On the other hand, Card9 is required for regulating the microbiota capacity to produce AhR ligands, which leads to the production of IL-22 in the colon, promoting recovery after colitis. In addition, cross-fostering experiments showed that 5 weeks after weaning, the microbiota transmitted from the nursing mother before weaning had a stronger impact on the tryptophan metabolism of the pups than the pups' own genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results show the role of CARD9 and its effector IL-22 in mediating recovery from DSS-induced colitis in both microbiota-independent and microbiota-dependent manners. Card9 genotype modulates the microbiota metabolic capacity to produce AhR ligands, but this effect can be overridden by the implantation of a WT or "healthy" microbiota before weaning. It highlights the importance of the weaning reaction occurring between the immune system and microbiota for host metabolism and immune functions throughout life. A better understanding of the impact of genetics on microbiota metabolism is key to developing efficient therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from complex inflammatory disorders. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Danne
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - B Lamas
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - A Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M-L Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - G Da Costa
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - A Lefevre
- UMR 1253, Inserm, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- PST Analyses Des Systèmes Biologiques, Département Analyses Chimique Et Métabolomique, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - C Bridonneau
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - M Bredon
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - J Planchais
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - M Straube
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - P Emond
- UMR 1253, Inserm, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- PST Analyses Des Systèmes Biologiques, Département Analyses Chimique Et Métabolomique, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Serv Med Nucl in Vitro, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - P Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France
| | - H Sokol
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, 75012, Paris, France.
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O'Reilly D, Naughton R, Lavelle A. Delirium in older patients given propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia for major cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 131: 253-65. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:164-165. [PMID: 37866982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darragh O'Reilly
- Department of Anaesthesiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rory Naughton
- Department of Anaesthesiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lavelle
- Department of Anaesthesiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Hickey A, O'Gara Á, Lavelle A. Analgesia nociception index for intra-operative remifentanil dose and pain after gynaecological laparotomy. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1304. [PMID: 37337463 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hickey
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Á O'Gara
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Lavelle
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Monaghan R, Hoey M, Lavelle A. The effect of overlapping surgical scheduling on operating theatre productivity. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:264-265. [PMID: 36256735 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Hoey
- Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Lavelle
- Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavelle A, Bonnet JF, O'Sullivan E, Sheil D, MacLoughlin R. Determining optimal gas flow rate and nebuliser position using the Aerogen ® Solo™ vibrating-mesh nebuliser. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:256-258. [PMID: 36378564 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Lavelle
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Murphy C, Sherwin A, Lavelle A. Autonomy vs. the environment: nitrous oxide use in obstetrics, an ongoing challenge. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:654-655. [PMID: 36715244 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Murphy
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Sherwin
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Lavelle
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Stockdale SR, Harrington RS, Shkoporov AN, Khokhlova EV, Daly KM, McDonnell SA, O'Reagan O, Nolan JA, Sheehan D, Lavelle A, Draper LA, Shanahan F, Ross RP, Hill C. Metagenomic assembled plasmids of the human microbiome vary across disease cohorts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9212. [PMID: 35654877 PMCID: PMC9163076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We compiled a human metagenome assembled plasmid (MAP) database and interrogated differences across multiple studies that were originally designed to investigate the composition of the human microbiome across various lifestyles, life stages and events. This was performed as plasmids enable bacteria to rapidly expand their functional capacity through mobilisation, yet their contribution to human health and disease is poorly understood. We observed that inter-sample β-diversity differences of plasmid content (plasmidome) could distinguish cohorts across a multitude of conditions. We also show that reduced intra-sample plasmidome α-diversity is consistent amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Clostridioides difficile infections. We also show that faecal microbiota transplants can restore plasmidome diversity. Overall plasmidome diversity, specific plasmids, and plasmid-encoded functions can all potentially act as biomarkers of IBD or its severity. The human plasmidome is an overlooked facet of the microbiome and should be integrated into investigations regarding the role of the microbiome in promoting health or disease. Including MAP databases in analyses will enable a greater understanding of the roles of plasmid-encoded functions within the gut microbiome and will inform future human metagenome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Stockdale
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - R S Harrington
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A N Shkoporov
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - E V Khokhlova
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - K M Daly
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - S A McDonnell
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - O O'Reagan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - J A Nolan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D Sheehan
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - L A Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - F Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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O'Sullivan E, O'Sullivan M, Lavelle A. Five-year audit of adherence to an anaesthesia pre-induction checklist. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1065. [PMID: 35568987 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Lavelle
- St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Lavelle
- St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Lavelle A, White M, Griffiths MJD, Byrne D, O'Connor P. Human reliability analysis of bronchoscope-assisted percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: implications for simulation-based education. Adv Simul (Lond) 2020; 5:30. [PMID: 33292774 PMCID: PMC7643084 DOI: 10.1186/s41077-020-00149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching and assessing clinical procedures requires a clear delineation of the individual steps required to successfully complete the procedure. For decades, human reliability analysis (HRA) has been used to identify the steps required to complete technical procedures in higher risk industries. However, the use of HRA is uncommon in healthcare. HRA has great potential supporting simulation-based education (SBE) in two ways: (1) to support training through the identification of the steps required to complete a clinical procedure; and (2) to support assessment by providing a framework for evaluating performance of a clinical procedure. The goal of this study was to use HRA to identify the steps (and the risk associated with each of these steps) required to complete a bronchoscope-assisted percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (BPDT). BPDT is a potentially high-risk minimally invasive procedure used to facilitate tracheostomy placement at the bedside or in the operating theatre. METHODS The subgoals, or steps, required to complete the BPDT procedure were identified using hierarchical task analysis. The Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) was then used to identify potential human errors at each subgoal, the level of risk and how these potential errors could be prevented. RESULTS The BPDT procedure was broken down into 395 subgoals, of which 18% were determined to be of high-risk. The most commonly identified remediation strategies for reducing the risk of the procedure included: checklist implementation and audit, statutory and mandatory training modules, simulation training, consultant involvement in all procedures, and fostering a safety-focused hospital culture. CONCLUSION This study provides an approach for how to systematically identify the steps required to complete a clinical procedure for both training and assessment. An understanding of these steps is the foundation of SBE. HRA can identify 'a correct way' for teaching learners how to complete a technical procedure, and support teachers to give systematic and structured feedback on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Lavelle
- Department of Peri-operative Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary White
- Department of Peri-operative Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark J D Griffiths
- Department of Peri-operative Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dara Byrne
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul O'Connor
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Discipline of General Practice, National University of Ireland, Galway, 1 Distillery Road, Newcastle, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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12
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Lavelle A, Bonnet JF, Murphy B, Ellen O'Sullivan, MacLoughlin R. Effect of flow rate and nebuliser position on lidocaine deposition using the aerogen® solo™ nebulizer. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2019.12.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Shepherd S, Lavelle A, Ghufoor K, Mohammed B, Sadigh P, Lawrence D, Fitchat T, Shah S. Anaesthetic management of post-radiotherapy tracheo-oesophageal fistula - a case report. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2019.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lavelle A, Lennon G, O'Sullivan O, Docherty N, Balfe A, Maguire A, Mulcahy HE, Doherty G, O'Donoghue D, Hyland J, Ross RP, Coffey JC, Sheahan K, Cotter PD, Shanahan F, Winter DC, O'Connell PR. Spatial variation of the colonic microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis and control volunteers. Gut 2015; 64:1553-61. [PMID: 25596182 PMCID: PMC4602252 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relevance of spatial composition in the microbial changes associated with UC is unclear. We coupled luminal brush samples, mucosal biopsies and laser capture microdissection with deep sequencing of the gut microbiota to develop an integrated spatial assessment of the microbial community in controls and UC. DESIGN A total of 98 samples were sequenced to a mean depth of 31,642 reads from nine individuals, four control volunteers undergoing routine colonoscopy and five patients undergoing surgical colectomy for medically-refractory UC. Samples were retrieved at four colorectal locations, incorporating the luminal microbiota, mucus gel layer and whole mucosal biopsies. RESULTS Interpersonal variability accounted for approximately half of the total variance. Surprisingly, within individuals, asymmetric Eigenvector map analysis demonstrated differentiation between the luminal and mucus gel microbiota, in both controls and UC, with no differentiation between colorectal regions. At a taxonomic level, differentiation was evident between both cohorts, as well as between the luminal and mucosal compartments, with a small group of taxa uniquely discriminating the luminal and mucosal microbiota in colitis. There was no correlation between regional inflammation and a breakdown in this spatial differentiation or bacterial diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a conserved spatial structure to the colonic microbiota, differentiating the luminal and mucosal communities, within the context of marked interpersonal variability. While elements of this structure overlap between UC and control volunteers, there are differences between the two groups, both in terms of the overall taxonomic composition and how spatial structure is ascribable to distinct taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lavelle
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland,Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Lennon
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland,Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O O'Sullivan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - N Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Balfe
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Maguire
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H E Mulcahy
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O'Donoghue
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Hyland
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J C Coffey
- 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - K Sheahan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P D Cotter
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D C Winter
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland,Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P R O'Connell
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland,Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lennon G, Balfe Á, Bambury N, Lavelle A, Maguire A, Docherty NG, Coffey JC, Winter DC, Sheahan K, O'Connell PR. Correlations between colonic crypt mucin chemotype, inflammatory grade and Desulfovibrio species in ulcerative colitis. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:O161-9. [PMID: 24345279 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The colonic mucus gel layer is composed of mucins that may be sulphated or sialyated. Sulphated mucins predominate in health while in ulcerative colitis (UC) sulphation is reduced. These differences result directly from inflammatory events. It may also be hypothesized that they arise in part from alterations in the colonic microbiota, particularly changes in the burden of sulphated mucin-metabolizing species, such as Desulfovibrio (DSV) bacteria. The aim of this study was to correlate colonic mucin chemotypes and inflammatory scores in health and UC and relate these changes to changes in the colonization of colonic crypts by DSV. METHOD Paired colonic biopsies from 34 healthy controls (HC) and 19 patients with active UC were collected for the purpose of parallel histological and microbiological assessment. High-iron diamine and Alcian blue staining and haematoxylin and eosin of mucosal biopsy specimens were used to assess histological changes within the clinical spectrum of UC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to determine the total and DSV copy number within the colonic crypts. RESULTS Compared with HC, the mucin chemotype in UC was less sulphated and inversely correlated with the degree of mucosal inflammation. A weak but significant negative correlation was found between the abundance of sulphated mucins and DSV burden. CONCLUSION Mucin composition strongly correlates with the degree of mucosal inflammation, and to a lesser extent with DSV burden. These data suggest that mucin chemotype and DSV burden are linked phenomena and highlight the need to consider changes in mucin chemotype in the setting of microbial dysbiosis occurring within the colitic colon. What does this paper add to the literature? Decreased sulphation of mucins has been associated with inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Currently there are few data describing the relationship between microbial species and changes in mucin chemotype. This study validates previous findings and presents evidence of changes in mucin chemotype occurring in tandem with coherent changes in the microbiota within crypt niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lennon
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavelle A, Sugrue R, Lawler G, Mulligan N, Kelleher B, Murphy DM, Gaine SP. Sitaxentan-induced hepatic failure in two patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2010; 34:770-1. [PMID: 19720812 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00058409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rajamani K, Leong S, Lavelle A, Docherty JR. Prejunctional actions of methylenedioxymethamphetamine in vas deferens from wild-type and alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 423:223-8. [PMID: 11448488 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') has major agonist actions at prejunctional alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptors in the rat. We wished to establish whether MDMA has potency at more than one subtype of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor, in line with affinity in ligand-binding studies. We have investigated the effects of MDMA in vas deferens from wild-type and from knockout mice lacking the alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor. The potency of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist xylazine at inhibiting stimulation-evoked contractions to a single stimulus in the presence of cocaine was significantly reduced in knockout (pD(2) of 8.27+/-0.07, -log M, n=4) as compared with wild-type mice (8.69+/-0.08, n=4, P<0.05), whereas potency of MDMA was unchanged (5.39+/-0.06, n=4 versus 5.38+/-0.06, n=6). Similar differences between xylazine and MDMA were seen for responses to stimulation at 10 Hz for 4 s. In studies of mouse atria pre-incubated with (3)H-noradrenaline, the stimulation-evoked release of tritium was inhibited to a similar extent by MDMA (10 microM) in tissues from wild-type and knockout mice. The prejunctional alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor is reported to be replaced by the alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor in this knockout mouse, so that we have evidence that suggests that MDMA has similar potencies at both subtypes in functional studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Desipramine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electric Stimulation
- Female
- Genotype
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/pharmacology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Nifedipine/pharmacology
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Oxymetazoline/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/physiology
- Tritium/metabolism
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Xylazine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajamani
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Jones KJ, Lavelle A. Differential effects of axotomy on immature and mature hamster facial neurons: a time course study of initial nucleolar and nuclear changes. J Neurocytol 1986; 15:197-206. [PMID: 3723147 DOI: 10.1007/bf01611656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The early nuclear and nucleolar responses at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 days after axotomy were observed in neurons just before and after the completion of nuclear maturation. Axotomy of hamster facial motor neurons at a postnatal age of 15 days did not produce any changes within the nucleus that were significantly different from those of control cells. In addition, no significant changes were evident in the adults at 0.5 and 1 day after axotomy. At postoperative days 2 and 4, however, the adult neurons showed enlargement of the nucleus and nucleolus. Nucleolonemal strands became more rounded and distinct, and the large cluster of granules located centrally in the nucleolus disaggregated. The irregularly distributed clumps of nucleolus-associated chromatin dispersed to form a thin shell about the nucleolar periphery. In adults at postoperative day 4, the nucleoplasmic granules became more homogeneous and less distinctly outlined than normal. The peak of both nucleolar and nuclear responses coincided at 2 days after injury in the adult, i.e. 2 days before the previously documented chromatolytic peak at 4 days after injury. These studies on the ultrastructural level support our previous hypothesis that the 15-day neurons are synthesizing at peak capacity related to their rapid growth phase and cannot be stimulated further by axotomy. The adult neurons, however, do undergo a metabolic reorganization for regenerative synthesis, and the nucleolar and nuclear changes observed are indicative of transcriptive alterations involving the underlying genome.
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