1
|
Murashko K, Karhunen T, Meščeriakovas A, Subedi N, Lähde A, Jokiniemi J. Oxalic acid-assisted preparation of LTO-carbon composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:165603. [PMID: 38154136 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an oxalic acid-assisted method for synthesizing spinel-structured lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12; LTO)/carbon composite materials. The Ag-doped LTO nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). The synthesized material is used as a precursor for synthesizing the LTO-NP/C composite material with chitosan as a carbon source and oxalic acid as an additive. Oxalic acid improves the dissolution of chitosan in water as well as changes the composition and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized LTO-NP/C composite material. The oxalic acid/chitosan ratio can be optimized to improve the electrochemical performance of the LTO-NP/C composite material, and the electrode synthesized with a high mass loading ratio (5.44 mg cm-2) exhibits specific discharge capacities of 156.5 and 136 mAh g-1at 0.05 C- and 10 C-rate currents, respectively. Moreover, the synthesized composite LTO-NP/C composite material exhibits good cycling stability, and only 1.7% decrease in its specific capacity was observed after 200 charging-discharging cycles at 10 C-rate discharging current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Murashko
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nabin Subedi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Lähde
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meščeriakovas A, Murashko K, Alatalo SM, Karhunen T, Leskinen JTT, Jokiniemi J, Lähde A. Influence of induction-annealing temperature on the morphology of barley-straw-derived Si@C and SiC@graphite for potential application in Li-ion batteries. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:335709. [PMID: 32491996 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8edc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon, a material with high theoretical energy density, holds great promise as a candidate material for anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, due to an alloying mechanism the material undergoes volume expansion of up to 300%, which results in rapid capacity fading. The coating of silicon with carbon is done by using a biomass-based carbon precursor. The effects of annealing temperature on the morphology of the silicon-carbon structures is presented herein. The mechanically and chemically treated barley straw is mixed with silicon particles and induction annealed in argon atmosphere under different temperatures. The material transformation from carbon-coated silicon (Si@C) to graphite-coated silicon carbide (SiC@graphite) is studied. The Si@C displayed initial specific capacity of 1200 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, while the capacity retention analysis of Si@C revealed improved cycling stability compared to bare silicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lähde A, Haluska O, Alatalo SM, Sippula O, Meščeriakovas A, Lappalainen R, Nissinen T, Riikonen J, Lehto VP. Synthesis of graphene-like carbon from agricultural side stream with magnesiothermic reduction coupled with atmospheric pressure induction annealing. Nano Ex 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab82e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Generally, large-scale production of graphene is currently not commercially viable due to expensive raw materials, complexity and the high-energy consumption of the processes currently used in the production. The use of biomass precursors and energy efficient procedures for carbonization have been proposed to reduce the cost of the graphene materials. However, low-cost graphene production has not been accomplished yet. Herein, we present a sustainable procedure and renewable starting materials to synthesize carbon nanostructures with graphene-like features. First, a SiC/C composite was synthesized from phytoliths and sucrose through magnesiothermic reduction. The phytoliths were obtained from barley husk that is an abundant side stream of agricultural industry. Second, graphene-like structures were achieved by the graphitization of SiC/C composite with high temperature induction annealing at 2400 °C under atmospheric pressure. The formation of graphene-like carbon was initiated by vaporization of silicon from the pre-ceramic SiC/C. Complete transformation of SiC/C to hollow, spherical graphene-like carbon structures and sheets were verified with thermogravimetry, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Also, the theoretical thermodynamic consideration of the phase separation of silicon carbide and the role of free carbon in the process has been discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Meščeriakovas A, Karhunen T, Jokiniemi J, Lähde A. Spray deposition and characterization of carbon nanoflower and gold-doped carbon nanoflower thin films. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:455709. [PMID: 30216193 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaddbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an aerosol filtration method for the fabrication of carbon nanoflower (CNF) thin films. The method was based on generation, evaporation and filtration of solvent encapsulated CNF droplets. The particles were collected on polytetrafluoroethylene membranes and roll-transferred at room temperature onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Suspensions for spraying were made in low vapor pressure mixtures of EtOH/Hex (50/50 v/v%). Doping of starter suspensions was made by the addition of organometallic 1-dodecanethiol-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The produced films displayed substrate surface coverage of up to 83.3% ± 13.9% and a film thickness of up to 2.4 μm. The deposition of doped suspensions resulted in uniform distribution of AuNPs in the volume of the CNF film, which enables film application for flexible photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poon WL, Alenius H, Ndika J, Fortino V, Kolhinen V, Meščeriakovas A, Wang M, Greco D, Lähde A, Jokiniemi J, Lee JCY, El-Nezami H, Karisola P. Nano-sized zinc oxide and silver, but not titanium dioxide, induce innate and adaptive immunity and antiviral response in differentiated THP-1 cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:936-951. [PMID: 28958187 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1382600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized metal oxides are currently the most manufactured nanomaterials (NMs), and are increasingly used in consumer products. Recent exposure data reveal a genuine potential for adverse health outcomes for a vast array of NMs, however the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To elucidate size-related molecular effects, differentiated THP-1 cells were exposed to nano-sized materials (n-TiO2, n-ZnO and n-Ag), or their bulk-sized (b-ZnO and b-TiO2) or ionic (i-Ag) counterparts, and genome-wide gene expression changes were studied at low-toxic concentrations (<15% cytotoxicity). TiO2 materials were nontoxic in MTT assay, inducing only minor transcriptional changes. ZnO and Ag elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, wherein ionic and particulate effects were synergistic with respect to n-ZnO-induced cytotoxicity. In gene expression analyzes, 6 h and 24 h samples formed two separate hierarchical clusters. N-ZnO and n-Ag shared only 3.1% and 24.6% differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when compared to corresponding control. All particles, except TiO2, activated various metallothioneins. At 6 h, n-Zn, b-Zn and n-Ag induced various immunity related genes associating to pattern recognition (including toll-like receptor), macrophage maturation, inflammatory response (TNF and IL-1beta), chemotaxis (CXCL8) and leucocyte migration (CXCL2-3 and CXCL14). After 24 h exposure, especially n-Ag induced the expression of genes related to virus recognition and type I interferon responses. These results strongly suggest that in addition to ionic effects mediated by metallothioneins, n-Zn and n-Ag induce expression of genes involved in several innate and adaptive immunity associated pathways, which are known to play crucial role in immuno-regulation. This raises the concern of safe use of metal oxide and metal nanoparticle products, and their biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Lam Poon
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Harri Alenius
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Joseph Ndika
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- d Institute of Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Vesa Kolhinen
- e Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mingfu Wang
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Dario Greco
- d Institute of Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,g Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Anna Lähde
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- f Department of Environmental Science , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | | | - Hani El-Nezami
- a School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,h Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- b Department of Bacteriology and Immunology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|