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Kamphuis D, van Eekelen R, van Welie N, Dreyer K, van Rijswijk J, van Hooff MHA, de Bruin JP, Verhoeve HR, Mol F, van Baal WM, Traas MAF, van Peperstraten AM, Manger AP, Gianotten J, de Koning CH, Koning AMH, Bayram N, van der Ham DP, Vrouenraets FPJM, Kalafusova M, van de Laar BIG, Kaijser J, Lambeek AF, Meijer WJ, Broekmans FJM, Valkenburg O, van der Voet LF, van Disseldorp J, Lambers MJ, Tros R, Lambalk CB, Stoker J, van Wely M, Bossuyt PMM, Mol BWJ, Mijatovic V. Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography versus hysterosalpingography during fertility work-up: an economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2024:deae071. [PMID: 38600625 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the costs and effects of tubal patency testing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) compared to hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile women during the fertility work-up? SUMMARY ANSWER During the fertility work-up, clinical management based on the test results of HyFoSy leads to slightly lower, though not statistically significant, live birth rates, at lower costs, compared to management based on HSG results. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Traditionally, tubal patency testing during the fertility work-up is performed by HSG. The FOAM trial, formally a non-inferiority study, showed that management decisions based on the results of HyFoSy resulted in a comparable live birth rate at 12 months compared to HSG (46% versus 47%; difference -1.2%, 95% CI: -3.4% to 1.5%; P = 0.27). Compared to HSG, HyFoSy is associated with significantly less pain, it lacks ionizing radiation and exposure to iodinated contrast medium. Moreover, HyFoSy can be performed by a gynaecologist during a one-stop fertility work-up. To our knowledge, the costs of both strategies have never been compared. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed an economic evaluation alongside the FOAM trial, a randomized multicenter study conducted in the Netherlands. Participating infertile women underwent, both HyFoSy and HSG, in a randomized order. The results of both tests were compared and women with discordant test results were randomly allocated to management based on the results of one of the tests. The follow-up period was twelve months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We studied 1160 infertile women (18-41 years) scheduled for tubal patency testing. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth. The economic evaluation compared costs and effects of management based on either test within 12 months. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs): the difference in total costs and chance of live birth. Data were analyzed using the intention to treat principle. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Between May 2015 and January 2019, 1026 of the 1160 women underwent both tubal tests and had data available: 747 women with concordant results (48% live births), 136 with inconclusive results (40% live births), and 143 with discordant results (41% had a live birth after management based on HyFoSy results versus 49% with live birth after management based on HSG results). When comparing the two strategies-management based on HyfoSy results versus HSG results-the estimated chance of live birth was 46% after HyFoSy versus 47% after HSG (difference -1.2%; 95% CI: -3.4% to 1.5%). For the procedures itself, HyFoSy cost €136 and HSG €280. When costs of additional fertility treatments were incorporated, the mean total costs per couple were €3307 for the HyFoSy strategy and €3427 for the HSG strategy (mean difference €-119; 95% CI: €-125 to €-114). So, while HyFoSy led to lower costs per couple, live birth rates were also slightly lower. The ICER was €10 042, meaning that by using HyFoSy instead of HSG we would save €10 042 per each additional live birth lost. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION When interpreting the results of this study, it needs to be considered that there was a considerable uncertainty around the ICER, and that the direct fertility enhancing effect of both tubal patency tests was not incorporated as women underwent both tubal patency tests in this study. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS Compared to clinical management based on HSG results, management guided by HyFoSy leads to slightly lower live birth rates (though not statistically significant) at lower costs, less pain, without ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast exposure. Further research on the comparison of the direct fertility-enhancing effect of both tubal patency tests is needed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) FOAM trial was an investigator-initiated study, funded by ZonMw, a Dutch organization for Health Research and Development (project number 837001504). IQ Medical Ventures provided the ExEm®-FOAM kits free of charge. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. K.D. reports travel-and speakers fees from Guerbet and her department received research grants from Guerbet outside the submitted work. H.R.V. received consulting-and travel fee from Ferring. A.M.v.P. reports received consulting fee from DEKRA and fee for an expert meeting from Ferring, both outside the submitted work. C.H.d.K. received travel fee from Merck. F.J.M.B. received a grant from Merck and speakers fee from Besins Healthcare. F.J.M.B. is a member of the advisory board of Merck and Ferring. J.v.D. reported speakers fee from Ferring. J.S. reports a research agreement with Takeda and consultancy for Sanofi on MR of motility outside the submitted work. M.v.W. received a travel grant from Oxford Press in the role of deputy editor for Human Reproduction and participates in a DSMB as independent methodologist in obstetrics studies in which she has no other role. B.W.M. received an investigator grant from NHMRC GNT1176437. B.W.M. reports consultancy for ObsEva, Merck, Guerbet, iGenomix, and Merck KGaA and travel support from Merck KGaA. V.M. received research grants from Guerbet, Merck, and Ferring and travel and speakers fees from Guerbet. The other authors do not report conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER International Clinical Trials Registry Platform No. NTR4746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Kamphuis
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik van Eekelen
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Universitity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Welie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Dreyer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van Rijswijk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel H A van Hooff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter de Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Harold R Verhoeve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Mol
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Universitity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike A F Traas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Arno M van Peperstraten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivierenland Hospital, Tiel, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arentje P Manger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Gianotten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia H de Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tergooi Medical Center, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke M H Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Neriman Bayram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - David P van der Ham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michaela Kalafusova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Refaja Hospital, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Kaijser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ikazia Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjon F Lambeek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Meijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Valkenburg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy F van der Voet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Disseldorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Lambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Tros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Universitity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem J Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Meulen JF, Bongers MY, van der Zee LG, Leemans JC, Duijnhoven RG, de Leeuw RA, Overdijk LE, Radder CM, van der Voet LF, Smeets NAC, van Vliet HAAM, Hehenkamp WJK, Manger AP, Lim AC, Peters LW, Horree N, Briët JM, van der Steeg JW, Coppus SFPJ, Kok HS. Procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anesthesia for hysteroscopic myomectomy (PROSECCO trial): A multicenter randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004323. [PMID: 38153958 PMCID: PMC10754450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hysteroscopic resection is the first-choice treatment for symptomatic type 0 and 1 fibroids. Traditionally, this was performed under general anesthesia. Over the last decade, surgical procedures are increasingly being performed in an outpatient setting under procedural sedation and analgesia. However, studies evaluating safety and effectiveness of hysteroscopic myomectomy under procedural sedation are lacking. This study aims to investigate whether hysteroscopic myomectomy under procedural sedation and analgesia with propofol is noninferior to hysteroscopic myomectomy under general anesthesia. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a multicenter, randomized controlled noninferiority trial conducted in 14 university and teaching hospitals in the Netherlands between 2016 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, maximum number of 3 type 0 or 1 fibroids, maximum fibroid diameter 3.5 cm, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2, and having sufficient knowledge of the Dutch or English language. Women with clotting disorders or with severe anemia (Hb < 5.0 mmol/L) were excluded. Women were randomized using block randomization with variable block sizes of 2, 4, and 6, between hysteroscopic myomectomy under procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) with propofol or under general anesthesia (GA). Primary outcome was the percentage of complete resections, assessed on transvaginal ultrasonography 6 weeks postoperatively by a sonographer blinded for the treatment arm and surgical outcome. Secondary outcomes were the surgeon's judgment of completeness of procedure, menstrual blood loss, uterine fibroid related and general quality of life, pain, recovery, hospitalization, complications, and surgical reinterventions. Follow-up period was 1 year. The risk difference between both treatment arms was estimated, and a Farrington-Manning test was used to determine the p-value for noninferiority (noninferiority margin 7.5% of incomplete resections). Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle, including a per-protocol analysis for the primary outcome. A total of 209 women participated in the study and underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy with PSA (n = 106) or GA (n = 103). Mean age was 45.1 [SD 6.4] years in the PSA group versus 45.0 [7.7] years in the GA group. For 98/106 women in the PSA group and 89/103 women in the GA group, data were available for analysis of the primary outcome. Hysteroscopic resection was complete in 86/98 women (87.8%) in the PSA group and 79/89 women (88.8%) in the GA group (risk difference -1.01%; 95% confidence interval (CI) -10.36 to 8.34; noninferiority, P = 0.09). No serious anesthesiologic complications occurred, and conversion from PSA to GA was not required. During the follow-up period, 15 serious adverse events occurred (overnight admissions). All were unrelated to the intervention studied. Main limitations were the choice of primary outcome and the fact that our study proved to be underpowered. CONCLUSIONS Noninferiority of PSA for completeness of resection was not shown, though there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes and quality of life. In this study, hysteroscopic myomectomy for type 0 and 1 fibroids with PSA compared to GA was safe and led to shorter hospitalization. These results can be used for counseling patients by gynecologists and anesthesiologists. Based on these findings, we suggest that hysteroscopic myomectomies can be performed under PSA in an outpatient setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered prospectively in the Dutch Trial Register (NTR 5357; registration date: 11 August 2015; Date of initial participant enrollment: 18 February 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. van der Meulen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
- Grow school for oncology and reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies Y. Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
- Grow school for oncology and reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G. van der Zee
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C. Leemans
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben G. Duijnhoven
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Clinical Trials Unit, Netherlands Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A. de Leeuw
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Celine M. Radder
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucet F. van der Voet
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Nicol A. C. Smeets
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. A. M. van Vliet
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of human structure and repair, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wouter J. K. Hehenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arentje P. Manger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arianne C. Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Horree
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - Justine M. Briët
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Almelo, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van der Steeg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors F. P. J. Coppus
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Medical Centre St Radboud, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Helen S. Kok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Leiden, the Netherlands
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van Hoogenhuijze NE, van Eekelen R, Mol F, Schipper I, Groenewoud ER, Traas MAF, Janssen CAH, Teklenburg G, de Bruin JP, van Oppenraaij RHF, Maas JWM, Moll E, Fleischer K, van Hooff MHA, de Koning CH, Cantineau AEP, Lambalk CB, Verberg M, van Heusden AM, Manger AP, van Rumste MME, van der Voet LF, Pieterse QD, Visser J, Brinkhuis EA, den Hartog JE, Glas MW, Klijn NF, van der Zanden M, Bandell ML, Boxmeer JC, van Disseldorp J, Smeenk J, van Wely M, Eijkemans MJC, Torrance HL, Broekmans FJM. Economic evaluation of endometrial scratching before the second IVF/ICSI treatment: a cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized controlled trial (SCRaTCH trial). Hum Reprod 2022; 37:254-263. [PMID: 34864993 PMCID: PMC8804332 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is a single endometrial scratch prior to the second fresh IVF/ICSI treatment cost-effective compared to no scratch, when evaluated over a 12-month follow-up period? SUMMARY ANSWER The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for an endometrial scratch was €6524 per additional live birth, but due to uncertainty regarding the increase in live birth rate this has to be interpreted with caution. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometrial scratching is thought to improve the chances of success in couples with previously failed embryo implantation in IVF/ICSI treatment. It has been widely implemented in daily practice, despite the lack of conclusive evidence of its effectiveness and without investigating whether scratching allows for a cost-effective method to reduce the number of IVF/ICSI cycles needed to achieve a live birth. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This economic evaluation is based on a multicentre randomized controlled trial carried out in the Netherlands (SCRaTCH trial) that compared a single scratch prior to the second IVF/ICSI treatment with no scratch in couples with a failed full first IVF/ICSI cycle. Follow-up was 12 months after randomization.Economic evaluation was performed from a healthcare and societal perspective by taking both direct medical costs and lost productivity costs into account. It was performed for the primary outcome of biochemical pregnancy leading to live birth after 12 months of follow-up as well as the secondary outcome of live birth after the second fresh IVF/ICSI treatment (i.e. the first after randomization). To allow for worldwide interpretation of the data, cost level scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis was performed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS From January 2016 until July 2018, 933 women with a failed first IVF/ICSI cycle were included in the trial. Data on treatment and pregnancy were recorded up until 12 months after randomization, and the resulting live birth outcomes (even if after 12 months) were also recorded.Total costs were calculated for the second fresh IVF/ICSI treatment and for the full 12 month period for each participant. We included costs of all treatments, medication, complications and lost productivity costs. Cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out by calculating ICERs for scratch compared to control. Bootstrap resampling was used to estimate the uncertainty around cost and effect differences and ICERs. In the sensitivity and scenario analyses, various unit costs for a single scratch were introduced, amongst them, unit costs as they apply for the United Kingdom (UK). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE More live births occurred in the scratch group, but this also came with increased costs over a 12-month period. The estimated chance of a live birth after 12 months of follow-up was 44.1% in the scratch group compared to 39.3% in the control group (risk difference 4.8%, 95% CI -1.6% to +11.2%). The mean costs were on average €283 (95% CI: -€299 to €810) higher in the scratch group so that the point average ICER was €5846 per additional live birth. The ICER estimate was surrounded with a high level of uncertainty, as indicated by the fact that the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC) showed that there is an 80% chance that endometrial scratching is cost-effective if society is willing to pay ∼€17 500 for each additional live birth. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There was a high uncertainty surrounding the effects, mainly in the clinical effect, i.e. the difference in the chance of live birth, which meant that a single straightforward conclusion could not be ascertained as for now. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first formal cost-effectiveness analysis of endometrial scratching in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. The results presented in this manuscript cannot provide a clear-cut expenditure for one additional birth, but they do allow for estimating costs per additional live birth in different scenarios once the clinical effectiveness of scratching is known. As the SCRaTCH trial was the only trial with a follow-up of 12 months, it allows for the most complete estimation of costs to date. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by ZonMW, the Dutch organization for funding healthcare research. A.E.P.C., F.J.M.B., E.R.G. and C.B. L. reported having received fees or grants during, but outside of, this trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Netherlands Trial Register (NL5193/NTR 5342).
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Affiliation(s)
- N E van Hoogenhuijze
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Eekelen
- Dutch Consortium for Healthcare Evaluation and Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology—NVOG Consortium 2.0, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Mol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Schipper
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E R Groenewoud
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - M A F Traas
- Department of Gynaecology, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - C A H Janssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - G Teklenburg
- Isala Fertility Clinic, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J P de Bruin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - J W M Maas
- Department of Gynaecology, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Moll
- Department of Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Fleischer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M H A van Hooff
- Department of Gynaecology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C H de Koning
- Department of Gynaecology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - A E P Cantineau
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Verberg
- Fertility Clinic, Fertility Clinic Twente, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - A M van Heusden
- Fertility Clinic, Medisch Centrum Kinderwens, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
| | - A P Manger
- Department of Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M M E van Rumste
- Department of Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L F van der Voet
- Department of Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Q D Pieterse
- Fertility Center, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J Visser
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - E A Brinkhuis
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Meander Hospital, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J E den Hartog
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M W Glas
- Fertility Clinic, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - N F Klijn
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M van der Zanden
- Department of Gynaecology, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bandell
- Department of Gynaecology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Sliedrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Boxmeer
- Department of Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J van Disseldorp
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - J Smeenk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M van Wely
- Dutch Consortium for Healthcare Evaluation and Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology—NVOG Consortium 2.0, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J C Eijkemans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H L Torrance
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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van Welie N, van Rijswijk J, Dreyer K, van Hooff MHA, de Bruin JP, Verhoeve HR, Mol F, van Baal WM, Traas MAF, van Peperstraten AM, Manger AP, Gianotten J, de Koning CH, Koning AMH, Bayram N, van der Ham DP, Vrouenraets FPJM, Kalafusova M, van de Laar BIG, Kaijser J, Lambeek AF, Meijer WJ, Broekmans FJM, Valkenburg O, van der Voet LF, van Disseldorp J, Lambers MJ, Tros R, Lambalk CB, Stoker J, van Wely M, Bossuyt PMM, Mol BWJ, Mijatovic V. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:969-979. [PMID: 35220432 PMCID: PMC9071226 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) lead to similar pregnancy outcomes, compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG), as first-choice tubal patency test in infertile couples? SUMMARY ANSWER HyFoSy and HSG produce similar findings in a majority of patients and clinical management based on the results of either HyFoSy or HSG, leads to comparable pregnancy outcomes. HyFoSy is experienced as significantly less painful. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Traditionally, tubal patency testing during fertility work-up is performed by HSG. HyFoSy is an alternative imaging technique lacking ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast medium exposure which is less expensive than HSG. Globally, there is a shift towards the use of office-based diagnostic methods, such as HyFoSy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This multicentre, prospective, comparative study with a randomized design was conducted in 26 hospitals in The Netherlands. Participating women underwent both HyFoSy and HSG in randomized order. In case of discordant results, women were randomly allocated to either a management strategy based on HyFoSy or one based on HSG. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We included infertile women between 18 and 41 years old who were scheduled for tubal patency testing during their fertility work-up. Women with anovulatory cycles not responding to ovulation induction, endometriosis, severe male infertility or a known iodine contrast allergy were excluded. The primary outcome for the comparison of the HyFoSy- and HSG-based strategies was ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth within 12 months after inclusion in an intention-to-treat analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Between May 2015 and January 2019, 1026 women underwent HyFoSy and HSG. HyFoSy was inconclusive in 97 of them (9.5%), HSG was inconclusive in 30 (2.9%) and both were inconclusive in 9 (0.9%). In 747 women (73%) conclusive tests results were concordant. Of the 143/1026 (14%) with discordant results, 105 were randomized to clinical management based on the results of either HyFoSy or HSG. In this group, 22 of the 54 women (41%) allocated to management based on HyFoSy and 25 of 51 women (49%) allocated to management based on HSG had an ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth (Difference −8%; 95% CI: −27% to 10%). In total, clinical management based on the results of HyFoSy was estimated to lead to a live birth in 474 of 1026 women (46%) versus 486 of 1026 (47%) for management based on HSG (Difference −1.2%; 95% CI: −3.4% to 1.5%). Given the pre-defined margin of −2%, statistically significant non-inferiority of HyFoSy relative to HSG could not be demonstrated (P = 0.27). The mean pain score for HyFoSy on the 1–10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 3.1 (SD 2.2) and the mean VAS pain score for HSG was 5.4 (SD 2.5; P for difference < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Since all women underwent both tubal patency tests, no conclusions on a direct therapeutic effect of tubal flushing could be drawn. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS HyFoSy or HSG produce similar tubal pathology findings in a majority of infertile couples and, where they differ, a difference in findings does not lead to substantial difference in pregnancy outcome, while HyFoSy is associated with significantly less pain. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The FOAM study was an investigator-initiated study funded by ZonMw, The Netherlands organization for Health Research and Development (project number 837001504). ZonMw funded the whole project. IQ Medical Ventures provided the ExEm-foam® kits free of charge. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. K.D. reports travel and speaker fees from Guerbet. F.J.M.B. reports personal fees as a member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono, The Netherlands, and a research support grant from Merck Serono, outside the submitted work. C.B.L. reports speakers’ fee from Ferring in the past, and his department receives research grants from Ferring, Merck and Guerbet. J.S. reports a research agreement with Takeda on MR of motility outside the submitted work. M.V.W. reports leading The Netherlands Satellite of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group. B.W.J.M. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437). B.W.J.M. reports consultancy for Guerbet and research funding from Merck and Guerbet. V.M. reports non-financial support from IQ medicals ventures, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Guerbet, outside the submitted work. The other authors do not report conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR4746/NL4587 (https://www.trialregister.nl) TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 19 August 2014 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 7 May 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke van Welie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence address. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Joukje van Rijswijk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Dreyer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel H A van Hooff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter de Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Harold R Verhoeve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Mol
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike A F Traas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Location Apeldoorn, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Arno M van Peperstraten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivierenland Hospital, Tiel, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arentje P Manger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Gianotten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia H de Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke M H Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Neriman Bayram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - David P van der Ham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michaela Kalafusova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Refaja Hospital, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands
| | - Bob I G van de Laar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kaijser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ikazia Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjon F Lambeek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Meijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Location Zutphen, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Valkenburg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy F van der Voet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Disseldorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Lambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Tros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem J Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women’s Health Research, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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van Hoogenhuijze NE, Mol F, Laven JSE, Groenewoud ER, Traas MAF, Janssen CAH, Teklenburg G, de Bruin JP, van Oppenraaij RHF, Maas JWM, Moll E, Fleischer K, van Hooff MHA, de Koning CH, Cantineau AEP, Lambalk CB, Verberg M, van Heusden AM, Manger AP, van Rumste MME, van der Voet LF, Pieterse QD, Visser J, Brinkhuis EA, den Hartog JE, Glas MW, Klijn NF, van der Meer S, Bandell ML, Boxmeer JC, van Disseldorp J, Smeenk J, van Wely M, Eijkemans MJC, Torrance HL, Broekmans FJM. Endometrial scratching in women with one failed IVF/ICSI cycle-outcomes of a randomised controlled trial (SCRaTCH). Hum Reprod 2021; 36:87-98. [PMID: 33289528 PMCID: PMC7801792 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does endometrial scratching in women with one failed IVF/ICSI treatment affect the chance of a live birth of the subsequent fresh IVF/ICSI cycle? SUMMARY ANSWER In this study, 4.6% more live births were observed in the scratch group, with a likely certainty range between −0.7% and +9.9%. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since the first suggestion that endometrial scratching might improve embryo implantation during IVF/ICSI, many clinical trials have been conducted. However, due to limitations in sample size and study quality, it remains unclear whether endometrial scratching improves IVF/ICSI outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The SCRaTCH trial was a non-blinded randomised controlled trial in women with one unsuccessful IVF/ICSI cycle and assessed whether a single endometrial scratch using an endometrial biopsy catheter would lead to a higher live birth rate after the subsequent IVF/ICSI treatment compared to no scratch. The study took place in 8 academic and 24 general hospitals. Participants were randomised between January 2016 and July 2018 by a web-based randomisation programme. Secondary outcomes included cumulative 12-month ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth rate. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women with one previous failed IVF/ICSI treatment and planning a second fresh IVF/ICSI treatment were eligible. In total, 933 participants out of 1065 eligibles were included (participation rate 88%). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After the fresh transfer, 4.6% more live births were observed in the scratch compared to control group (110/465 versus 88/461, respectively, risk ratio (RR) 1.24 [95% CI 0.96–1.59]). These data are consistent with a true difference of between −0.7% and +9.9% (95% CI), indicating that while the largest proportion of the 95% CI is positive, scratching could have no or even a small negative effect. Biochemical pregnancy loss and miscarriage rate did not differ between the two groups: in the scratch group 27/153 biochemical pregnancy losses and 14/126 miscarriages occurred, while this was 19/130 and 17/111 for the control group (RR 1.21 (95% CI 0.71–2.07) and RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.38–1.40), respectively). After 12 months of follow-up, 5.1% more live births were observed in the scratch group (202/467 versus 178/466), of which the true difference most likely lies between −1.2% and +11.4% (95% CI). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was not blinded. Knowledge of allocation may have been an incentive for participants allocated to the scratch group to continue treatment in situations where they may otherwise have cancelled or stopped. In addition, this study was powered to detect a difference in live birth rate of 9%. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study are an incentive for further assessment of the efficacy and clinical implications of endometrial scratching. If a true effect exists, it may be smaller than previously anticipated or may be limited to specific groups of women undergoing IVF/ICSI. Studying this will require larger sample sizes, which will be provided by the ongoing international individual participant data-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42017079120). At present, endometrial scratching should not be performed outside of clinical trials. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by ZonMW, the Dutch organisation for funding healthcare research. J.S.E. Laven reports grants and personal fees from AnshLabs (Webster, Tx, USA), Ferring (Hoofddorp, The Netherlands) and Ministry of Health (CIBG, The Hague, The Netherlands) outside the submitted work. A.E.P. Cantineau reports ‘other’ from Ferring BV, personal fees from Up to date Hyperthecosis, ‘other’ from Theramex BV, outside the submitted work. E.R. Groenewoud reports grants from Titus Health Care during the conduct of the study. A.M. van Heusden reports personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Ferring, personal fees from Goodlife, outside the submitted work. F.J.M. Broekmans reports personal fees as Member of the external advisory board for Ferring BV, The Netherlands, personal fees as Member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono, The Netherlands, personal fees as Member of the external advisory for Gedeon Richter, Belgium, personal fees from Educational activities for Ferring BV, The Netherlands, grants from Research support grant Merck Serono, grants from Research support grant Ferring, personal fees from Advisory and consultancy work Roche, outside the submitted work. C.B. Lambalk reports grants from Ferring, grants from Merck, grants from Guerbet, outside the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL5193/NTR 5342). TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 31 July 2015. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 26 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E van Hoogenhuijze
- Department of Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Mol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproduction and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E R Groenewoud
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, 1782 GZ, Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - M A F Traas
- Department of Gynaecology, Gelre Hospital, 7334 DZ, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - C A H Janssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Groene Hart Hospital, 2803 HH, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | - G Teklenburg
- Isala Fertility Clinic, Isala Hospital, 8025 AB, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - J P de Bruin
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - R H F van Oppenraaij
- Department of Gynaecology, Maasstad Hospital, 3079 DZ, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Maas
- Department of Gynaecology, Maxima Medical Centre, 5504 DB, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - E Moll
- Department of Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Fleischer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H A van Hooff
- Department of Gynaecology, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, 3045 PM, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C H de Koning
- Department of Gynaecology, Tergooi Hospital, 1213 XZ, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - A E P Cantineau
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Verberg
- Fertility Clinic, Fertility Clinic Twente, 7556 BN, Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | - A M van Heusden
- Fertility Clinic, Medisch Centrum Kinderwens, 2353 GA, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - A P Manger
- Department of Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, 3582 KE, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M M E van Rumste
- Department of Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - L F van der Voet
- Department of Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, 7416 SE, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Q D Pieterse
- Fertility Center, Haga Hospital, 2545 AA, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J Visser
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Amphia Hospital, 4818 CK, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - E A Brinkhuis
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Meander Hospital, 3813 TZ, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - J E den Hartog
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M W Glas
- Fertility clinic, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, 9401 RK, Assen, the Netherlands
| | - N F Klijn
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S van der Meer
- Department of Gynaecology, Haaglanden Medical Centre, 2512 VA, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - M L Bandell
- Department of Gynaecology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, 3364 DA, Sliedrecht,the Netherlands
| | - J C Boxmeer
- Department of Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, 2625 AD, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - J van Disseldorp
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - J Smeenk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, 5042 AD, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - M van Wely
- Dutch Consortium for Healthcare Evaluation and Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology - NVOG Consortium 2.0
| | - M J C Eijkemans
- Department of Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H L Torrance
- Department of Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- Department of Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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6
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van der Meulen JF, Bongers MY, Coppus SFPJ, Bosmans JE, Maessen JMC, Oude Rengerink K, Overdijk LE, Radder CM, van der Voet LF, Smeets NAC, van Vliet HAAM, Hehenkamp WJK, Manger AP, Spaans WA, Bakkum EA, Horrée N, Briët JM, van der Steeg JW, Kok HS. The (cost) effectiveness of procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anaesthesia for hysteroscopic myomectomy, a multicentre randomised controlled trial: PROSECCO trial, a study protocol. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:46. [PMID: 30902087 PMCID: PMC6431064 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women with abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids are a frequent finding. In case of heavy menstrual bleeding and presence of submucosal type 0-1 fibroids, hysteroscopic resection is the treatment of first choice, as removal of these fibroids is highly effective. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is currently usually performed in the operating theatre. A considerable reduction in costs and a higher patient satisfaction are expected when procedural sedation and analgesia with propofol (PSA) in an outpatient setting is applied. However, both safety and effectiveness - including the necessity for re-intervention due to incomplete resection - have not yet been evaluated. METHODS This study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial with a non-inferiority design and will be performed in the Netherlands. Women > 18 years with a maximum of 3 symptomatic type 0 or 1 submucosal fibroids with a maximum diameter of 3.5 cm are eligible to participate in the trial. After informed consent, 205 women will be randomised to either hysteroscopic myomectomy using procedural sedation and analgesia with propofol in an outpatient setting or hysteroscopic myomectomy using general anaesthesia in a clinical setting in the operating theatre. Primary outcome will be the percentage of complete resections, based on transvaginal ultrasonography 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are cost effectiveness, menstrual blood loss (Pictorial blood assessment chart), quality of life, pain, return to daily activities/work, hospitalization, (post) operative complications and re-interventions. Women will be followed up to one year after hysteroscopic myomectomy. DISCUSSION This study may demonstrate comparable effectiveness of hysteroscopic myomectomy under procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anaesthesia in a safe and patient friendly environment, whilst achieving a significant cost reduction. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch trial register, number NTR5357 . Registered 11th of August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F van der Meulen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, PO Box 777, 5500, MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands. .,Grow school of oncology and developmental biology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marlies Y Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, PO Box 777, 5500, MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Grow school of oncology and developmental biology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors F P J Coppus
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, PO Box 777, 5500, MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E Bosmans
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M C Maessen
- Department of Quality and Safety, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Oude Rengerink
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucilla E Overdijk
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celine M Radder
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucet F van der Voet
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Nicol A C Smeets
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A A M van Vliet
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J K Hehenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arentje P Manger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert A Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erica A Bakkum
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Horrée
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Justine M Briët
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van der Steeg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Helen S Kok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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van Rijswijk J, van Welie N, Dreyer K, van Hooff MHA, de Bruin JP, Verhoeve HR, Mol F, Kleiman-Broeze KA, Traas MAF, Muijsers GJJM, Manger AP, Gianotten J, de Koning CH, Koning AMH, Bayram N, van der Ham DP, Vrouenraets FPJM, Kalafusova M, van de Laar BIG, Kaijser J, van Oostwaard MF, Meijer WJ, Broekmans FJM, Valkenburg O, van der Voet LF, van Disseldorp J, Lambers MJ, Peters HE, Lier MCI, Lambalk CB, van Wely M, Bossuyt PMM, Stoker J, van der Veen F, Mol BWJ, Mijatovic V. The FOAM study: is Hysterosalpingo foam sonography (HyFoSy) a cost-effective alternative for hysterosalpingography (HSG) in assessing tubal patency in subfertile women? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:64. [PMID: 29743106 PMCID: PMC5941607 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubal pathology is a causative factor in 20% of subfertile couples. Traditionally, tubal testing during fertility work-up is performed by hysterosalpingography (HSG). Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) is a new technique that is thought to have comparable accuracy as HSG, while it is less expensive and more patient friendly. HyFoSy would be an acceptable alternative for HSG, provided it has similar effectiveness in terms of patient outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN We aim to compare the effectiveness and costs of management guided by HyFoSy or by HSG. Consenting women will undergo tubal testing by both HyFoSy and HSG in a randomized order during fertility work-up. The study group will consist of 1163 subfertile women between 18 and 41 years old who are scheduled for tubal patency testing during their fertility work-up. Women with anovulatory cycles not responding to ovulation induction, endometriosis, severe male subfertility or a known contrast (iodine) allergy will be excluded. We anticipate that 7 % (N = 82) of the participants will have discordant test results for HyFoSy and HSG. These participants will be randomly allocated to either a management strategy based on HyFoSy or a management strategy based on HSG, resulting in either a diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation or a strategy that assumes tubal patency (intrauterine insemination or expectant management). The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth within 12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes are patient pain scores, time to pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, preterm birth rate and number of additional treatments. Costs will be estimated by counting resource use and calculating unit prices. DISCUSSION This trial will compare the effectiveness and costs of HyFoSy versus HSG in assessing tubal patency in subfertile women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register (NTR 4746, http://www.trialregister.nl ). Date of registration: 19 August 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joukje van Rijswijk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke van Welie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Dreyer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel H A van Hooff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Franciscus Hospital, Kleiweg 500, 3045PM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter de Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Henri Dunantstraat 1, 5223, GZ, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Harold R Verhoeve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Oost, Oosterpark 9, 1091, AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Mol
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kimiko A Kleiman-Broeze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Flevo Hospital, Hospitaalweg 1, 1315, RA, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A F Traas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospital, Albert Schweitzerlaan, 31 7334, DZ, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J J M Muijsers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivierenland Hospital, President Kennedylaan 1, 4002, WP, Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Arentje P Manger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582, KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Gianotten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, 2035RC, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia H de Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tergooi Hospital, Rijksstraatweg 1 1261 AN, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke M H Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amstelland Hospital, Laan van de Helende Meesters 8, 1186, AM, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Neriman Bayram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medical Centre, Kon, Julianaplein 58, 1502 DV Zaandam, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - David P van der Ham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, 9700, Groningen, RB, Netherlands
| | - Francisca P J M Vrouenraets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Henri Dunantstraat 5, 6419, PC, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Kalafusova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Refaja Hospital, Boerhaavestraat 1, 9501, HE, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands
| | - Bob I G van de Laar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG West, Jan Tooropstraat, 164 1061AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kaijser
- JDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ikazia medical center, Montessoriweg 1, 3083, AN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam F van Oostwaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IJsselland hospital, Prins Constantijnweg 2, 2906, ZC, Capelle a/d Ijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Meijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospital, Den Elterweg 77, 7207AE, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Valkenburg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. debeylaan, 25 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy F van der Voet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, Nico Bolkesteinlaan 75, 7416, SE, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Disseldorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435, CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Lambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Westfriesgasthuis, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624, NP, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike E Peters
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit C I Lier
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fulco van der Veen
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben W J Mol
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Research Institute and The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Postal code, 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Hoogenhuijze NE, Torrance HL, Mol F, Laven JSE, Scheenjes E, Traas MAF, Janssen C, Cohlen B, Teklenburg G, de Bruin JP, van Oppenraaij R, Maas JWM, Moll E, Fleischer K, van Hooff MH, de Koning C, Cantineau A, Lambalk CB, Verberg M, Nijs M, Manger AP, van Rumste M, van der Voet LF, Preys-Bosman A, Visser J, Brinkhuis E, den Hartog JE, Sluijmer A, Jansen FW, Hermes W, Bandell ML, Pelinck MJ, van Disseldorp J, van Wely M, Smeenk J, Pieterse QD, Boxmeer JC, Groenewoud ER, Eijkemans MJC, Kasius JC, Broekmans FJM. Endometrial scratching in women with implantation failure after a first IVF/ICSI cycle; does it lead to a higher live birth rate? The SCRaTCH study: a randomized controlled trial (NTR 5342). BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:47. [PMID: 28732531 PMCID: PMC5521151 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Success rates of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are approximately 30%, with the most important limiting factor being embryo implantation. Mechanical endometrial injury, also called 'scratching', has been proposed to positively affect the chance of implantation after embryo transfer, but the currently available evidence is not yet conclusive. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effect of endometrial scratching prior to a second fresh in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycle on live birth rates in women with a failed first IVF/ICSI cycle. METHOD Multicenter randomized controlled trial in Dutch academic and non-academic hospitals. A total of 900 women will be included of whom half will undergo an endometrial scratch in the luteal phase of the cycle prior to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using an endometrial biopsy catheter. The primary endpoint is the live birth rate after the 2nd fresh IVF/ICSI cycle. Secondary endpoints are costs, cumulative live birth rate (after the full 2nd IVF/ICSI cycle and over 12 months of follow-up); clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate; multiple pregnancy rate; miscarriage rate and endometrial tissue parameters associated with implantation failure. DISCUSSION Multiple studies have been performed to investigate the effect of endometrial scratching on live birth rates in women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. Due to heterogeneity in both the method and population being scratched, it remains unclear which group of women will benefit from the procedure. The SCRaTCH trial proposed here aims to investigate the effect of endometrial scratching prior to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in a large group of women undergoing a second IVF/ICSI cycle. TRIAL REGISTRATION NTR 5342 , registered July 31st, 2015. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 4.10, January 4th, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E van Hoogenhuijze
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - H L Torrance
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F Mol
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S E Laven
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Scheenjes
- Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Janssen
- Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - B Cohlen
- Isala Fertilityclinic, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - J P de Bruin
- Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - J W M Maas
- Maxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Moll
- Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Fleischer
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - C de Koning
- Ter Gooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - A Cantineau
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C B Lambalk
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Verberg
- Fertility Clinic Twente, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - M Nijs
- Nij Geertgen, Elsendorp, The Netherlands
| | - A P Manger
- Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - J Visser
- Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - E Brinkhuis
- Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J E den Hartog
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Sluijmer
- Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - F W Jansen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Hermes
- Medical Center Haaglanden-Bronovo-Nebo, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bandell
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Sliedrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M van Wely
- Dutch Consortium for Healthcare Evaluation and Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology - NVOG Consortium 2.0, Dutch, The Netherlands
| | - J Smeenk
- St. Elisabeth-Twee Steden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - J C Boxmeer
- Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - M J C Eijkemans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Kasius
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Groenewoud ER, Cohlen BJ, Al-Oraiby A, Brinkhuis EA, Broekmans FJM, de Bruin JP, van den Dool G, Fleisher K, Friederich J, Goddijn M, Hoek A, Hoozemans DA, Kaaijk EM, Koks CAM, Laven JSE, van der Linden PJQ, Manger AP, Slappendel E, Spinder T, Kollen BJ, Macklon NS. A randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial of modified natural versus artificial cycle for cryo-thawed embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1483-92. [PMID: 27179265 PMCID: PMC5853593 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are live birth rates (LBRs) after artificial cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (AC-FET) non-inferior to LBRs after modified natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (mNC-FET)? SUMMARY ANSWER AC-FET is non-inferior to mNC-FET with regard to LBRs, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates (OPRs) but AC-FET does result in higher cancellation rates. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Pooling prior retrospective studies of AC-FET and mNC-FET results in comparable pregnancy and LBRs. However, these results have not yet been confirmed by a prospective randomized trial. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION In this non-inferiority prospective randomized controlled trial (acronym 'ANTARCTICA' trial), conducted from February 2009 to April 2014, 1032 patients were included of which 959 were available for analysis. The primary outcome of the study was live birth. Secondary outcomes were clinical and ongoing pregnancy, cycle cancellation and endometrium thickness. A cost-efficiency analysis was performed. PARTICIPANT/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study was conducted in both secondary and tertiary fertility centres in the Netherlands. Patients included in this study had to be 18-40 years old, had to have a regular menstruation cycle between 26 and 35 days and frozen-thawed embryos to be transferred had to derive from one of the first three IVF or IVF-ICSI treatment cycles. Patients with a uterine anomaly, a contraindication for one of the prescribed medications in this study or patients undergoing a donor gamete procedure were excluded from participation. Patients were randomized based on a 1:1 allocation to either one cycle of mNC-FET or AC-FET. All embryos were cryopreserved using a slow-freeze technique. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LBR after mNC-FET was 11.5% (57/495) versus 8.8% in AC-FET (41/464) resulting in an absolute difference in LBR of -0.027 in favour of mNC-FET (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.065-0.012; P = 0.171). Clinical pregnancy occurred in 94/495 (19.0%) patients in mNC-FET versus 75/464 (16.0%) patients in AC-FET (odds ratio (OR) 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.1, P = 0.25). 57/495 (11.5%) mNC-FET resulted in ongoing pregnancy versus 45/464 (9.6%) AC-FET (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.1, P = 0.15). χ(2) test confirmed the lack of superiority. Significantly more cycles were cancelled in AC-FET (124/464 versus 101/495, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, P = 0.02). The costs of each of the endometrial preparation methods were comparable (€617.50 per cycle in NC-FET versus €625.73 per cycle in AC-FET, P = 0.54). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The minimum of 1150 patients required for adequate statistical power was not achieved. Moreover, LBRs were lower than anticipated in the sample size calculation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS LBRs after AC-FET were not inferior to those achieved by mNC-FET. No significant differences in clinical and OPR were observed. The costs of both treatment approaches were comparable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS An educational grant was received during the conduct of this study. Merck Sharpe Dohme had no influence on the design, execution and analyses of this study. E.R.G. received an education grant by Merck Sharpe Dohme (MSD) during the conduct of the present study. B.J.C. reports grants from MSD during the conduct of the study. A.H. reports grants from MSD and Ferring BV the Netherlands and personal fees from MSD. Grants from ZonMW, the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development. J.S.E.L. reports grants from Ferring, MSD, Organon, Merck Serono and Schering-Plough during the conduct of the study. F.J.M.B. receives monetary compensation as member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono, consultancy work for Gedeon Richter, educational activities for Ferring BV, research cooperation with Ansh Labs and a strategic cooperation with Roche on automated anti Mullerian hormone assay development. N.S.M. reports receiving monetary compensations for external advisory and speaking work for Ferring BV, MSD, Anecova and Merck Serono during the conduct of the study. All reported competing interests are outside the submitted work. No other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Netherlands trial register, number NTR 1586. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 13 January 2009. FIRST PATIENT INCLUDED 20 April 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Groenewoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, PO Box 888, 8901 HR Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - B J Cohlen
- Isala Fertility Centre, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 GK Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - A Al-Oraiby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amphia Hospital, PO Box 90157, 4800 RL Breda, The Netherlands
| | - E A Brinkhuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meander Medical Center, Postbus 1502, 3800 BM Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P de Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - G van den Dool
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, PO Box 444, 3300 AK Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Fleisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Friederich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, PO Box 750, 1782 GZ Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - M Goddijn
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22600, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D A Hoozemans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Spectrum Twente, PO Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E M Kaaijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, PO Box 95500, 1090 HM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A M Koks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, PO Box 7777, 5500 MB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J S E Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Q van der Linden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deventer Hospital, PO Box 5001, 7400 GC Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - A P Manger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Diakonessenhuis, PO Box 80250, 3508 TG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Slappendel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, PO Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T Spinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, PO Box 888, 8901 HR Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - B J Kollen
- Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N S Macklon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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