1
|
Roy AJ, Bergermann A, Bethkenhagen M, Redmer R. Mixture of hydrogen and methane under planetary interior conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14374-14383. [PMID: 38712595 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We employ first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to provide equation-of-state data, pair distribution functions (PDFs), diffusion coefficients, and band gaps of a mixture of hydrogen and methane under planetary interior conditions as relevant for Uranus, Neptune, and similar icy exoplanets. We test the linear mixing approximation, which is fulfilled within a few percent for the chosen P-T conditions. Evaluation of the PDFs reveals that methane molecules dissociate into carbon clusters and free hydrogen atoms at temperatures greater than 3000 K. At high temperatures, the clusters are found to be short-lived. Furthermore, we calculate the electrical conductivity from which we derive the non-metal-to-metal transition region of the mixture. We also calculate the electrical conductivity along the P-T profile of Uranus [N. Nettelmann et al., Planet. Space Sci., 2013, 77, 143-151] and observe the transition of the mixture from a molecular to an atomic fluid as a function of the radius of the planet. The density and temperature ranges chosen in our study can be achieved using dynamic shock compression experiments and seek to aid such future experiments. Our work also provides a relevant data set for a better understanding of the interior, evolution, luminosity, and magnetic field of the ice giants in our solar system and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argha Jyoti Roy
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Bergermann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mandy Bethkenhagen
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Ronald Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Z, Rödel M, Lütgert J, Bergermann A, Bethkenhagen M, Chekrygina D, Cowan TE, Descamps A, French M, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Glenn GD, Glenzer SH, Inubushi Y, Hartley NJ, Hernandez JA, Heuser B, Humphries OS, Kamimura N, Katagiri K, Khaghani D, Lee HJ, McBride EE, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ofori-Okai B, Ozaki N, Pandolfi S, Qu C, Ranjan D, Redmer R, Schoenwaelder C, Schuster AK, Stevenson MG, Sueda K, Togashi T, Vinci T, Voigt K, Vorberger J, Yabashi M, Yabuuchi T, Zinta LMV, Ravasio A, Kraus D. Diamond formation kinetics in shock-compressed C─H─O samples recorded by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo0617. [PMID: 36054354 PMCID: PMC10848955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme conditions inside ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune can result in peculiar chemistry and structural transitions, e.g., the precipitation of diamonds or superionic water, as so far experimentally observed only for pure C─H and H2O systems, respectively. Here, we investigate a stoichiometric mixture of C and H2O by shock-compressing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics and performing in situ x-ray probing. We observe diamond formation at pressures between 72 ± 7 and 125 ± 13 GPa at temperatures ranging from ~3500 to ~6000 K. Combining x-ray diffraction and small-angle x-ray scattering, we access the kinetics of this exotic reaction. The observed demixing of C and H2O suggests that diamond precipitation inside the ice giants is enhanced by oxygen, which can lead to isolated water and thus the formation of superionic structures relevant to the planets' magnetic fields. Moreover, our measurements indicate a way of producing nanodiamonds by simple laser-driven shock compression of cheap PET plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu He
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Melanie Rödel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Lütgert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Armin Bergermann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mandy Bethkenhagen
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, LGLTPE UMR 5276, Centre Blaise Pascal, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Deniza Chekrygina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrien Descamps
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martin French
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Griffin D. Glenn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Alexis Hernandez
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Heuser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Humphries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nobuki Kamimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Katagiri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Emma E. McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Silvia Pandolfi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chongbing Qu
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Divyanshu Ranjan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja K. Schuster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael G. Stevenson
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Keiichi Sueda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tommaso Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique–Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Katja Voigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Vorberger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Lisa M. V. Zinta
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alessandra Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique–Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|