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Jiménez-Castilla L, Opazo-Ríos L, Marin-Royo G, Orejudo M, Rodrigues-Diez R, Ballesteros-Martínez C, Soto-Catalán M, Caro-Ordieres T, Artaiz I, Suarez-Cortés T, Zazpe A, Hernández G, Cortés M, Tuñón J, Briones AM, Egido J, Gómez-Guerrero C. The Synthetic Flavonoid Hidrosmin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122499. [PMID: 36552707 PMCID: PMC9774734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of macro/microvascular complications. Recently, benefits of the use of flavonoids in these conditions have been established. This study investigates, in two different mouse models of diabetes, the vasculoprotective effects of the synthetic flavonoid hidrosmin on endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. In a type 2 diabetes model of leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, orally administered hidrosmin (600 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks markedly improved vascular function in aorta and mesenteric arteries without affecting vascular structural properties, as assessed by wire and pressure myography. In streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, hidrosmin treatment for 7 weeks reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and lipid content; increased markers of plaque stability; and decreased markers of inflammation, senescence and oxidative stress in aorta. Hidrosmin showed cardiovascular safety, as neither functional nor structural abnormalities were noted in diabetic hearts. Ex vivo, hidrosmin induced vascular relaxation that was blocked by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. In vitro, hidrosmin stimulated endothelial NOS activity and NO production and downregulated hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory and oxidant genes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our results highlight hidrosmin as a potential add-on therapy in the treatment of macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Jiménez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción-Talcahuano 4301099, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
| | - Gema Marin-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
| | - Constanza Ballesteros-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto-Catalán
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Caro-Ordieres
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inés Artaiz
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suarez-Cortés
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcelino Cortés
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
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Torrens I, Ganza Á, Hernández G, Gonzalo A, Zazpe A. Ocular Biodistribution of Once-Daily 0.6% Bilastine Eye Drops Reveals Highest Levels in Conjunctiva Up to 24 h Postadministration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:617-625. [PMID: 36269652 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Bilastine is a second-generation antihistamine that has been shown to be effective for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and biodistribution of 0.6% bilastine preservative-free eye drops. Methods: Bilastine was quantified in the conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, iris/ciliary body, retina/choroid, crystalline lens, and plasma, following a single topical administration to male Dutch-belted rabbits. Results: Concentrations of bilastine were highest in the conjunctiva [Cmax: 2,545.04 ng/g, at 6 h postadministration; area under the concentration-time curve (AUCt): 11,382.40 ng·h/g] and cornea (Cmax: 609.11 ng/g, at 1 h postadministration; AUCt: 1,993.88 ng·h/g), followed by the iris/ciliary body, retina/choroid, aqueous humor, plasma, vitreous humor, and crystalline lens. Quantifiable bilastine concentrations were observed up to 24 h after instillation in the conjunctiva (388.45 ng/g), cornea (28.68 ng/g), iris/ciliary body (12.42 ng/g), retina/choroid (1.91 ng/g), and crystalline lens (0.12 ng/g). In plasma, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, bilastine was detected up to 12 h postadministration (0.18 ng/mL, 0.40 ng/mL, and 0.32 ng/g, respectively). Conclusions: PKs and biodistribution of 0.6% bilastine eye drops in rabbits revealed a marked preferential distribution in the conjunctiva (target tissue), with sustained levels up to 24 h. These findings are consistent with clinical efficacy trials supporting once-daily administration of topical bilastine for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Torrens
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+i Department), Faes Farma, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ganza
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+i Department), Faes Farma, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+i Department), Faes Farma, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalo
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+i Department), Faes Farma, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+i Department), Faes Farma, Bizkaia, Spain
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Torrens Prat I, Gonzalo A, Ganza Á, Hernández G, Zazpe A. Ocular biodistribution of once‐daily bilastine eye drops reveals highest levels in conjunctiva up to 24 hours post‐administration. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Torrens Prat
- Research Development and Innovation Department FAES FARMA, S.A Leioa Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalo
- Research Development and Innovation Department FAES FARMA, S.A Leioa Spain
| | - Álvaro Ganza
- Research Development and Innovation Department FAES FARMA, S.A Leioa Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Research Development and Innovation Department FAES FARMA, S.A Leioa Spain
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- Research Development and Innovation Department FAES FARMA, S.A Leioa Spain
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Jiménez-Castilla L, Marín-Royo G, Orejudo M, Opazo-Ríos L, Caro-Ordieres T, Artaiz I, Suárez-Cortés T, Zazpe A, Hernández G, Gómez-Guerrero C, Egido J. Nephroprotective Effects of Synthetic Flavonoid Hidrosmin in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1920. [PMID: 34943023 PMCID: PMC8750193 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a high-impact disease commonly characterized by hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetic microvascular complication and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. This study investigates the protective effects of the synthetic flavonoid hidrosmin (5-O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) diosmin) in experimental DN induced by streptozotocin injection in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Oral administration of hidrosmin (300 mg/kg/day, n = 11) to diabetic mice for 7 weeks markedly reduced albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio: 47 ± 11% vs. control) and ameliorated renal pathological damage and expression of kidney injury markers. Kidneys of hidrosmin-treated mice exhibited lower content of macrophages and T cells, reduced expression of cytokines and chemokines, and attenuated inflammatory signaling pathways. Hidrosmin treatment improved the redox balance by reducing prooxidant enzymes and enhancing antioxidant genes, and also decreased senescence markers in diabetic kidneys. In vitro, hidrosmin dose-dependently reduced the expression of inflammatory and oxidative genes in tubuloepithelial cells exposed to either high-glucose or cytokines, with no evidence of cytotoxicity at effective concentrations. In conclusion, the synthetic flavonoid hidrosmin exerts a beneficial effect against DN by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence pathways. Hidrosmin could have a potential role as a coadjutant therapy for the chronic complications of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Jiménez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
| | - Teresa Caro-Ordieres
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.C.-O.); (I.A.); (T.S.-C.); (A.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Inés Artaiz
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.C.-O.); (I.A.); (T.S.-C.); (A.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Tatiana Suárez-Cortés
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.C.-O.); (I.A.); (T.S.-C.); (A.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.C.-O.); (I.A.); (T.S.-C.); (A.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.C.-O.); (I.A.); (T.S.-C.); (A.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (G.M.-R.); (M.O.); (J.E.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mojena M, Povo-Retana A, González-Ramos S, Fernández-García V, Regadera J, Zazpe A, Artaiz I, Martín-Sanz P, Ledo F, Boscá L. Benzylamine and Thenylamine Derived Drugs Induce Apoptosis and Reduce Proliferation, Migration and Metastasis Formation in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:328. [PMID: 30191142 PMCID: PMC6115490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors, and one of the worse in prognosis. Melanoma subtypes follow distinct pathways until terminal oncogenic transformation. Here, we have evaluated a series of molecules that exhibit potent cytotoxic effects over the murine and human melanoma cell lines B16F10 and MalMe-3M, respectively, both ex vivo and in animals carrying these melanoma cells. Ex vivo mechanistic studies on molecular targets involved in melanoma growth, migration and viability were evaluated in cultured cells treated with these drugs which exhibited potent proapoptotic and cytotoxic effects and reduced cell migration. These drugs altered the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is important for the oncogenic phenotype of melanoma cells. In in vivo experiments, male C57BL/6 or nude mice were injected with melanoma cells that rapidly expanded in these animals and, in some cases were able to form metastasis in lungs. Treatment with anti-tumor drugs derived from benzylamine and 2-thiophenemethylamine (F10503LO1 and related compounds) significantly attenuated tumor growth, impaired cell migration, and reduced the metastatic activity. Several protocols of administration were applied, all of them leading to significant reduction in the tumor size and enhanced animal survival. Tumor cells carrying a luciferase transgene allowed a time-dependent study on the progression of the tumor. Molecular analysis of the pathways modified by F10503LO1 and related compounds defined the main relevant targets for tumor regression: the activation of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative routes. These data might provide the proof-of-principle and rationale for its further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mojena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISC III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- R&D+i Department Faes-Farma, Avda Autonomía, Leioa, Spain
| | - Inés Artaiz
- R&D+i Department Faes-Farma, Avda Autonomía, Leioa, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISC III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ledo
- R&D+i Department Faes-Farma, Avda Autonomía, Leioa, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Ledo
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISC III, Madrid, Spain
- Lisardo Boscá
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Ledo F, Artaiz I, Zazpe A, Terron V, Bosca L, Lucero M. 870 F10503LO1, a Potential New Treatment for Melanoma – Preclinical Efficacy. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zazpe A, Artaiz I, Labeaga L, Lucero ML, Orjales A. Reversal of learned helplessness by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in rats is not dependent on 5-HT availability. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:975-84. [PMID: 17141811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT(1A) receptors have been suggested to play a pivotal role in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, particularly in the case of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In the rat learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, a valid animal model of human depression, repeated treatment with the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.125 and 0.5mg/kg) and several classes of antidepressants such as the tricyclic agent desipramine (30 and 60mg/kg), the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) pargyline (60mg/kg) and the SSRIs fluoxetine (15 and 30mg/kg), paroxetine (15 and 30mg/kg) and sertraline (30mg/kg) improved behavioural deficit in helpless rats. The involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in the antidepressant-like effect of these agents was investigated using the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100,635 and the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Pretreatment with WAY 100,635 blocked the 8-OH-DPAT-induced reduction in escape failures, but did not counteract the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine and paroxetine. PCPA given alone did not modify helpless behaviour nor did it affect the behavioural effect of 8-OH-DPAT, fluoxetine and paroxetine. Adaptive changes in 5-HT(1A) receptor function were studied by measuring 8-OH-DPAT-mediated hypothermia and lower lip retraction (LLR) in the animals 24h after LH test session. Fluoxetine and paroxetine treatments caused a marked reduction in agonist-induced responses, an effect completely prevented by WAY 100,635 and PCPA. In conclusion, whereas direct agonist activity at postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors attenuated helpless behaviour, the antidepressant-like effect of SSRIs was found to be independent of their actions on either 5-HT(1A) receptor function or extracellular 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Zazpe
- Department of Research, FAES FARMA, S.A., c/Máximo Aguirre 14, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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Zazpe A, Artaiz I, Innerárity A, Del Olmo E, Castro E, Labeaga L, Pazos A, Orjales A. In vitro and in vivo characterization of F-97013-GD, a partial 5-HT1A agonist with antipsychotic- and antiparkinsonian-like properties. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51:129-40. [PMID: 16643965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to better define the role of 5-HT(1A) receptors in the modulation of extrapyramidal motor functions, we investigated the effect of 5-HT(1A) agonists on tacrine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJM) in rats, a putative model of parkinsonian tremor. Acute injection of 5-HT(1A) agonists 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone dose-dependently counteracted the tacrine-induced oral movements (ED(50)=0.04 and 1.0mg/kg, respectively), an effect reversed by the selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist WAY 100,635. In contrast to classical antipsychotics, the atypical antipsychotics risperidone (ED(50)=0.3mg/kg) and clozapine (ED(50)=1.5mg/kg) blocked the oral movements induced by the cholinomimetic agent at or below the doses required for suppression of conditioned avoidance response. The compound F-97013-GD (6-methyl-2-[4-(naphtylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3-(2H)-pyridazinone), a putative antipsychotic drug that in functional in vitro and in vivo assays behaved as a mixed dopamine D(2)-antagonist and 5-HT(1A)-partial agonist, also displayed a potent antitremorgenic effect in this paradigm (ED(50)=0.5mg/kg). Interestingly, pretreatment with WAY 100,635 blocked the inhibitory effect of F-97013-GD but not that of clozapine. The 5-HT depleting agent para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) partially attenuated tacrine-induced TJM but did not block the suppressive effect of 5-HT(1A) agonists. In addition, only high doses of F-97013-GD induced catalepsy in rodents and, like 8-OH-DPAT and clozapine, the compound reversed the haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. These results show that 5-HT(1A) receptors play a role in the regulation of tacrine-induced TJM and suggest that their activation by novel antipsychotics may not only reduce the extrapyramidal side effects EPS liability, but also be effective in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Zazpe
- Department of Research, FAES FARMA, S.A., Máximo Aguirre 14, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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Artaiz I, Zazpe A, Innerárity A, Del Olmo E, Díaz A, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Castro E, Pena R, Labeaga L, Pazos A, Orjales A. Preclinical pharmacology of F-98214-TA, a novel potent serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 182:400-13. [PMID: 16032410 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been proposed to have a higher efficacy and/or faster onset of action than previously available antidepressants. OBJECTIVES We examined in biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioural assays the antidepressant properties of (S)-(-)-4-[(3-fluorophenoxy)-phenyl]methyl-piperidine (F-98214-TA), a compound that displays very high affinity for 5-HT and NE transporters. RESULTS F-98214-TA potently inhibited the uptake of both 5-HT and NE into rat brain synaptosomes (IC50 = 1.9 and 11.2 nM, respectively) and decreased the electrical activity of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurones (ED50 = 530.3 microg/kg i.v.), an effect completely abolished by the 5-HT(1A) antagonist WAY100,635. In acute behavioural assays in mice, the orally administered compound potentiated the 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP)-induced syndrome [minimal effective dose (MED) = 10 mg/kg], antagonized the hypothermia induced by a high dose of apomorphine (ED50 = 2 mg/kg) and reduced the immobility in the tail suspension test (MED = 10 mg/kg). Moreover, it also decreased the immobility in the forced swimming test in mice and rats (30 mg/kg, p.o.). Chronic administration of F-98214-TA (14 days, 30 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p.o.) attenuated the hyperactivity induced by olfactory bulbectomy in rats, confirming its antidepressant-like properties. Interestingly, the same dosage regimen significantly increased the social interaction time in rats, suggesting an additional potential anxiolytic activity. In most assays the compound was more potent than fluoxetine, venlafaxine and desipramine. CONCLUSIONS F-98214-TA is a novel SNRI that displays greater potency than other reference antidepressants in animal models predictive of antidepressant and anxiolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Artaiz
- Department of Research, FAES FARMA, S. A., Máximo Aguirre 14, Leioa, 48940, Vizcaya, Spain
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Artaiz I, Zazpe A, Del Río J. Characterization of serotonergic mechanisms involved in the behavioural inhibition induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in a modified light-dark test in mice. Behav Pharmacol 1998; 9:103-12. [PMID: 10065930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In a modified light-dark exploration test in mice, 5-hydroxytryptophan, at doses (25-50 mg/kg) that approximately doubled the 5-HT content in the cerebral cortex, reduced the time spent by mice in the white compartment, suggesting an anxiogenic effect. Depletion of brain 5-HT content with p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days) resulted in an anxiolytic-like effect. Conversely, the 5-HT reuptake blocker fluoxetine reduced the time spent by mice in the white compartment. No significant interaction of either p-chlorophenylalanine or fluoxetine with 5-hydroxytryptophan was found. Several 5-HT agents, some of them with an intrinsic anxiolytic-like effect in this test, were studied in combination with 5-hydroxytryptophan. All of the drugs with a selective affinity at 5-HT1A receptors interacted significantly with 5-hydroxytryptophan. The suppressant effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan was antagonized or reversed by buspirone, a partial agonist at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, and also by the "silent" 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635, but not by the full agonist 8-OH-DPAT. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin partly counteracted the 5-hydroxytryptophan effect at the lower dose used. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron was able to prevent, at a low dose, the anxiogenic effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan; however, the 5-HT3 antagonists VA21B7 and granisetron as well as the 5-HT3/5-HT4 antagonist tropisetron and the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist RS 23597-190 were ineffective. The results appear to be consistent with the hypothesis that relates increased activity of the 5-HT systems to increased anxiety. Even though different 5-HT receptor subtypes may be involved in the anxiogenic effect of a high dose of 5-hydroxytryptophan, postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors appear to play a prominent role. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan may consequently represent a valid approach to analyse further the role of 5-HT agents, in particular those acting at 5-HT1A receptors, in animal models of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Artaiz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zazpe A, Del Río J. [Neurotrophins. II: therapeutic potential]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 1997; 41:180-4. [PMID: 10420924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are highly devastating disorders characterized by the damage and loss of discrete neuronal populations. Until recently, it was assumed that the ability of the central nervous system to recover from injury was extremely limited. However, many "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies have shown that neurotrophic factor are able to prevent or inhibit neuronal cell death induced by a variety of insults. Accordingly, trophic factors may represent a new tool for treating neuronal injury and death in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In his review, the therapeutic possibilities of neurotrophins in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zazpe
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra
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Zazpe A, Del Río J. [Neurotrophins. I: Molecular features]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 1997; 41:173-9. [PMID: 10420923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are proteins necessary for neuronal development and survival. The first isolated and characterized neurotrophin was nerve growth factor (NGF). Other structurally related neurotrophins are brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the neurotrophins NT-3, NT-4/5 and NT-6. The neurotrophins bind to specific tyrosine-kinase (trk) receptors, which are transmembrane proteins with intrinsic phosphorylating activity. Three trk receptor subtypes are known at present, trk A, trk B and trk C, which preferentially bind NGF, BDNF and NT-3 respectively. All of the neurotrophins bind to another low-affinity receptor called p75. The neurotrophins are generally synthesized in target cells and, after receptor binding, are transported retrogradely from the nerve terminal to the nucleus where they regulate gene expression. The role of neurotrophins in development has been further characterized by means of gene disruption studies that show profound phenotype alterations in mice lacking any of the trk receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Animals
- Enzyme Activation
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Nerve Growth Factors/chemistry
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/physiology
- Nervous System Malformations/genetics
- Neurons/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
- Receptor, trkA
- Receptor, trkC
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zazpe
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra
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Artaiz I, Romero G, Zazpe A, Monge A, Calderó JM, Roca J, Lasheras B, Del Río J. The pharmacology of VA21B7: an atypical 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like properties in animal models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995; 117:137-48. [PMID: 7753959 DOI: 10.1007/bf02245179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
VA21B7 (3-[2-(4'-piperonylpiperazinyl) indolyl] carboxaldehyde) was synthesized as a potential 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Even though VA21B7 showed a higher affinity towards 5-HT3 receptors as compared to other receptors studied, it was not a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist either in the periphery or in the brain. In a simple animal model of anxiety such as the two-compartment box in mice, a remarkable anxiolytic-like effect was found at doses of 2-500 micrograms/kg IP and also at low oral doses, in the microgram range. These drug doses did not produce any significant effect on spontaneous motor activity of mice. The anxiolytic profile of VA21B7 was further explored using other models of anxiety in rats such as the elevated plus-maze and punished-drinking. VA21B7 was compared with standard 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, tropisetron and granisetron, with the 5-HT1A agent buspirone and with diazepam. In the plus-maze, VA21B7 showed an anxiolytic-like profile after doses of 0.25-0.5 mg/kg IP or 2-4 mg/kg PO which did not modify the number of total entries into the open and closed arms of the maze. Diazepam, granisetron and tropisetron were also effective in this test but not ondansetron and buspirone. VA21B7 was also able to release suppressed behaviour in the punished-drinking test. The dose-response curve was bell-shaped with a peak at 2-4 mg/kg. At variance with other studies, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists also increased the number of shocks taken in this test and the dose-response curve was also bell-shaped. VA21B7 was not anticonvulsant like diazepam, its anxiolytic action in the light/dark test was not flumazenil-sensitive and there was no rebound anxiogenic effect on withdrawal from chronic VA21B7 treatment for 15 consecutive days. Moreover, VA21B7 was not amnesic like the benzodiazepines but low doses of 2-4 mg/kg reduced the memory deficits induced in rats by scopolamine. Much higher doses were necessary to decrease spontaneous motor activity in rats. Since VA21B7 appears to be well tolerated in rodents at high doses, we think that it is of potential interest as an anxiolytic in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Artaiz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
1. The present study was aimed at examining the role of 5-HT3 receptors in basal and depolarization-evoked dopamine release from rat olfactory tubercle and striatal slices. [3H]-dopamine ([3H]-DA) release was measured in both brain regions and endogenous dopamine release from striatal slices was also studied. 2. The selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist 2-methyl-5-HT (0.5-10 microM) produced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]-DA efflux evoked by K+ (20 mM) from slices of rat olfactory tubercle. 1-Phenylbiguanide (PBG) and 5-HT also increased K(+)-evoked [3H]-DA efflux. 3. 5-HT (1-100 microM) increased in a concentration-dependent manner basal [3H]-DA release from olfactory tubercle and striatal slices as well as endogenous DA release from striatal slices. The selective 5-HT3 receptor agonists 2-methyl-5-HT and 1-phenylbiguanide were weaker releasing agents. In all cases, the release was Ca2+ independent and tetrodotoxin insensitive. 4. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron (0.2 microM) significantly blocked the enhanced K(+)-evoked [3H]-DA efflux from rat olfactory tubercle slices induced by 2-methyl-5HT. A ten fold higher concentration of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin was ineffective. 5. Much higher concentrations, up to 50 microM, of the same 5-HT3 receptor antagonists did not block the increase in basal [3H]-DA release from striatal or olfactory tubercle slices induced by 5-HT or the release of endogenous DA induced by 5-HT from striatal slices.2+ off
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zazpe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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