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Gubari MIM, Wadi F, Hama-Ghareeb KA, Fatah FH, Hosseini M, Wale KR, Hipgrave D, Ali SR, Mahmood SO, Ezzat Khadium W, Mohammed HH, Jaafer SF, Al Saadi NM, Mohammed KA, Saeed SS, Mohammad MY, Khudhur WH, Wael Saleh M, Sheat YS, Ibrahim KK, Nabeil Salah M, Abdullah AH, Omer DS, Ghafur RN, Mustafa KA, Faraj AO, Ali TB, Aziz Enayat K, Wahab RA, Ali Al-Jaf IA, Hama Amin NH, Jaff DD, Bra AM, Ahmed SK, Rasool BN, Jamal FK, Mohammed TD, Azeez MA. COVID-19 Vaccination Among Diverse Population Groups in the Northern Governorates of Iraq. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605736. [PMID: 38090666 PMCID: PMC10713705 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate COVID-19 vaccination coverage among populations of internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, and host communities in northern Iraq and the related underlying factors. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study conducted in five governorates in April-May 2022, 4,564 individuals were surveyed. Data were collected through an adapted questionnaire designed to gather data on participants. Results: 4,564 subjects were included (59.55% were 19-45 years old; 54.51% male). 50.48% of the participants (51.49% of host communities, 48.83% of IDPs, and 45.87% of refugees) had been vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. 40.84% of participants (42.28% of host communities, 35.75% of IDPs, and 36.14% of refugees) had been vaccinated by two doses, and 1.56% (1.65% of host communities, 0.93% of IDPs, and 1.46% of refugees) were vaccinated with three doses. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors including age, gender, education, occupation, and nationality could affect vaccination coverage. Moreover, higher acceptance rate of vaccination is associated with belief in vaccine safety and effectiveness and trust in the ability of the vaccine to prevent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Falah Wadi
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Fatah H. Fatah
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Karzan Rafiq Wale
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - David Hipgrave
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Iraq Country Office, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sazan Raouf Ali
- Department of Planning, Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Sara Feal Jaafer
- Public Health Department, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Najeeb Mohammed Al Saadi
- Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Kardar Anwar Mohammed
- Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Shireen Salih Saeed
- Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Yousif Mohammad
- Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dashne Shamall Omer
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | | | - Aryan Othman Faraj
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Trifa Bhjat Ali
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Kamal Aziz Enayat
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ronak Assi Wahab
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | - Nazanin Hama Hama Amin
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
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