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Pinho ACO, Laranjeira P, Carvalho E. Role of CD20+ T cells in cancer, autoimmunity and obesity. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230242. [PMID: 38236766 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the known link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR) to chronic low-grade inflammation, new markers capable of early IR detection are needed. Immune cells are components of adipose tissue's (AT) stromal vascular fraction (SVF) that regulate AT homeostasis. The altered phenotype and function of AT-infiltrating immune cells may contribute to the development and maintenance of local AT inflammation observed under obesity-induced IR conditions. Impaired AT-specific immunometabolic function may influence the whole organism. Therefore, AT-infiltrating immune cells may be important players in the development of obesity-related metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). B and T cells, particularly CD20+ T cells, play important roles in human pathology, such as autoimmune disease and cancer. However, the question remains as to whether CD20+ T cells have an important contribution to the development of obesity-related IR. While circulating CD20+ T cells are mostly of the central memory phenotype (i.e. antigen-experienced T cells with the ability to home to secondary lymphoid organs), tissues-infiltrated CD20+ T cells are predominantly of the effector memory phenotype (i.e. antigen-experienced T cells that preferentially infiltrate peripheral tissues). The latter produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, which play a role in obesity-related IR development. This review describes the CD20 molecule and its presence in both B and T cells, shedding light on its ontogeny and function, in health and disease, with emphasis on AT. The link between CD20+ T cell dysregulation, obesity, and IR development supports the role of CD20+ T cells as markers of adipose tissue dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Laranjeira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Casa Costa Alemão, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Oliveira PJ, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Real-time OXPHOS capacity analysis in wounded skin from diabetic mice: A pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14128. [PMID: 37975307 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs wound healing. The aim was to determine whether DM influences mitochondrial respiration in wounded skin (WS) and non-wounded skin (NWS), in a pre-clinical wound healing model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS Six weeks after diabetes induction, two wounds were created in the back of C57BL/J6 mice. Using high-resolution respirometry (HRR), oxygen flux was measured, in WS and NWS, using two substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols, at baseline (day 0), day 3 and 10 post-wounding, in STZ-DM and non-diabetic (NDM) mice. Flux control ratios for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity were calculated. RESULTS A significant increase in mitochondrial respiration was observed in STZ-DM skin compared to control skin at baseline. The OXPHOS capacity was decreased in WS under diabetes at day 3 post-wounding (inflammation phase). However, at day 10 post-wounding (remodeling phase), the OXPHOS capacity was higher in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice, and compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice. A significant relative contribution of pyruvate, malate and glutamate (PMG) oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was observed in WS compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice, at day 10, while the relative contribution of fatty acid oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was higher in NWS. The OXPHOS capacity is altered in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice across the healing process, and so is the substrate contribution in WS and NWS from STZ-DM mice, at each time point. CONCLUSION HRR may be a sensitive tool to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of tissue repair during wound healing.
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Grants
- DL57/2016/CP1448/ CT0024 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/144199/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/145054/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- UIDB/04539/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, PhD Programme in Biosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Baldeiras I, Burgeiro A, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Mitochondrial respiration in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue of diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:169-184. [PMID: 35904484 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) has a phenotype resembling brown AT. Dysfunctional tPVAT appears to be linked to vascular dysfunction. Methods We evaluated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression by Western blot, oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant capacity by HPLC and spectrophotometry, and mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) in tPVAT, compared to inguinal white AT (iWAT), obtained from non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) mice. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by HRR using protocol 1: complex I and II oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and protocol 2: fatty acid oxidation (FAO) OXPHOS. OXPHOS capacity in tPVAT was also evaluated after UCP1 inhibition by guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Results UCP1 expression was higher in tPVAT when compared with iWAT in both NDM and STZ-DM mice. The malondialdehyde concentration was elevated in tPVAT from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione levels, were not different between tPVAT from NDM and STZ-DM mice but were lower compared to iWAT of STZ-DM mice. OXPHOS capacity of tPVAT was significantly decreased after UCP1 inhibition by GDP in protocol 1. While there were no differences in the OXPHOS capacity between NDM and STZ-DM mice in protocol 1, it was increased in STZ-DM compared to NDM mice in protocol 2. Moreover, complex II- and FAO-linked respiration were elevated in STZ-DM mice under UCP1 inhibition. Conclusions Pharmacological therapies could be targeted to modulate UCP1 activity with a significant impact in the uncoupling of mitochondrial bioenergetics in tPVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emelindo C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Campos GS, Pinho ACO, Brandão CJDF, Bandeira AC, Sardi SI. Dengue virus 4 (DENV-4) re-emerges after 30 years in Brazil: cocirculation of DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 in Bahia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 68:45-9. [PMID: 25420650 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of great concern in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. One important cause of the increase in DF is rapid development and urbanization has led to proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector responsible for transmission of the illness. Surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Brazil shows the predominance of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 until 2010. This study reports the reappearance of DENV-4 in Brazil for the first time in 30 years. Serum samples were collected from individuals (n = 214) exhibiting fever and muscular pain in Bahia, Brazil, during 2011-2012. These samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/nested PCR, which revealed that 82% of samples were positive for DENV-4; most were older age groups and exhibited a serological pattern consistent with a primary infection. The cocirculation of multiple DENV serotypes within the same city places the population at risk for a fatal form of the disease. Therefore, with the increasing incidence of severe DF cases, early diagnosis will be a priority for public health efforts in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubio Soares Campos
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biointeraction, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia
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