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Ilyas M, Holzwarth D, Ishaq R, Ali Y, Habiba U, Raja AM, Saeed S, Abdullah U, Khan SN, Ullah A, Raja GK, Baig SM, Fazeli W, Kunz WS, Shaiq PA. Whole-Exome sequencing identifies GYS2 biallelic variants in individuals with suspected epilepsy. Seizure 2024; 116:74-80. [PMID: 37574425 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate glucose supply is essential for brain function, therefore hypoglycemic states may lead to seizures. Since blood glucose supply for brain is buffered by liver glycogen, an impairment of liver glycogen synthesis by mutations in the liver glycogen synthase gene (GYS2) might result in a substantial neurological involvement. Here, we describe the phenotypes of affected siblings of two families harboring biallelic mutations in GYS2. METHODS Two suspected families - a multiplex Pakistani family (family A) with three affected siblings and a family of Moroccan origin (family B) with a single affected child who presented with seizures and reduced fasting blood glucose levels were genetically characterized. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the index patients, followed by Sanger sequencing-based segregation analyses on all available members of both families. RESULTS The variant prioritization of WES and later Sanger sequencing confirmed three mutations in the GYS2 gene (12p12.1) consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. A homozygous splice acceptor site variant (NM_021957.3, c. 1646 -2A>G) segregated in family A. Two novel compound heterozygous variants (NM_021957.3: c.343G>A; p.Val115Met and NM_021957.3: c.875A>T; p.Glu292Val) were detected in family B, suggesting glycogen storage disorder. A special diet designed to avoid hypoglycemia, in addition to change of the anti-seizure medication led to reduction in seizure frequency. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the seizures in patients initially diagnosed with epilepsy might be directly caused, or influenced by hypoglycemia due to pathogenic variants in the GYS2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Department of Medical laboratory technology, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Pakistan; Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorothea Holzwarth
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Rafaqat Ishaq
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Umme Habiba
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Mehmood Raja
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Saeed
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, EpiGen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Noor Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ata Ullah
- Applied Genomics Centre and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hongkong University of Science and Technology, Division of Life Sciences, Hong Kong
| | - Ghazala Kaukab Raja
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Walid Fazeli
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Raja AM, Ciociola E, Ahmad IN, Dar FS, Naqvi SMS, Moaeen-ud-Din M, Raja GK, Romeo S, Mancina RM. Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Liver Disease in Individuals from Pakistan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103558. [PMID: 32443539 PMCID: PMC7278956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease, with viral or non-viral etiology, is endemic in many countries and is a growing burden in Asia. Among the Asian countries, Pakistan has the highest prevalence of chronic liver disease. Despite this, the genetic susceptibility to chronic liver disease in this country has not been investigated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the most robustly associated common genetic variants influencing chronic liver disease in a cohort of individuals from Pakistan. A total of 587 subjects with chronic liver disease and 68 healthy control individuals were genotyped for the HSD17B13 rs7261356, MBOAT7 rs641738, GCKR rs1260326, PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926 and PPP1R3B rs4841132 variants. The variants distribution between case and control group and their association with chronic liver disease were tested by chi-square and binary logistic analysis, respectively. We report for the first time that HSD17B13 variant results in a 50% reduced risk for chronic liver disease; while MBOAT7; GCKR and PNPLA3 variants increase this risk by more than 35% in Pakistani individuals. Our genetic analysis extends the protective role of the HSD17B13 variant against chronic liver disease and disease risk conferred by the MBOAT7; GCKR and PNPLA3 variants in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mehmood Raja
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (A.M.R.); (S.M.S.N.); (G.K.R.)
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Imran Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd., Islamabad 44790, Pakistan;
| | - Faisal Saud Dar
- Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Services Unit, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd., Islamabad 44790, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (A.M.R.); (S.M.S.N.); (G.K.R.)
| | - Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics/National Center for Livestock Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Ghazala Kaukab Raja
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (A.M.R.); (S.M.S.N.); (G.K.R.)
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (R.M.M.); Tel.: +46-(0)313-426-735 (S.R.); +46-(0)31342186 (R.M.M.)
| | - Rosellina Margherita Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (R.M.M.); Tel.: +46-(0)313-426-735 (S.R.); +46-(0)31342186 (R.M.M.)
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Charanya C, Raja AM, Siddharam J, Matheen A. Familial presentation-best vitelliform disease. CHRISMED J Health Res 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2348-3334.138908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
With the aim of identifying melanocytes, 60 samples of wax-embedded palatal and buccal mucosa front 30 autopsies were analysed for expression of S100, HMB-45 and NKI/C3 in combination with a Masson Fontana stain. The counts of positive cells were compared with those derived from 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) staining in fresh samples of gingiva. Polyclonal antisera to S100 stained dendritic cells throughout the epithelium, but monoclonal antibodies to S100, HMB-45 and NKI/C3 labelled cells that were restricted to the basal layer, often in clusters with some sections negative. The mean counts of positive basal dendritic cells per millimetre basement-membrane length were 4.3 (polyclonal S100+. range 0-19). 0.8 (monoclonal S100+. range 0-7.3), 2.0 (HMB-45, range 0-17.8) and 0.9 (NKI/C3, range 0-14.9). Of the last three, HMB-45 produced the clearest and most specific staining. Counts of basal dendritic cells were significantly higher (p < 0.0005) with polyclonal antisera to S100 than with all other markers except DOPA but HLA-DR staining showed that Langerhans cells may also be located in the basal layer. The highest values were always in buccal mucosa, but statistically significantly so (p < 0.0005) only with polyclonal anti-S100. Basally located DOPA+ cells had a mean density of 4.6 per millimetre basement-membrane length, but in five cases DOPA also labelled suprabasal dendritic cells, presumably Langerhans cells. The mean basal DOPA+ values were significantly higher than those with monoclonal antibodies to S100. HMB-45 and NKI/C3 (p < 0.001). The variable cell counts suggest that S100, HMB-45 and NKI/C3 are markers of melanocytes in normal oral mucosa, but are not constitutively expressed and may be induced during function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Barrett
- Department of Oral Pathology, Eastman Dental Institute, London, U.K
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