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Liu C, Moten A, Ma Z, Lin HK. The foundational framework of tumors: Gametogenesis, p53, and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 81:193-205. [PMID: 33940178 PMCID: PMC9382687 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The completion-of-tumor hypothesis involved in the dynamic interplay between the initiating oncogenic event and progression is essential to better recognize the foundational framework of tumors. Here we review and extend the gametogenesis-related hypothesis of tumors, because high embryonic/germ cell traits are common in tumors. The century-old gametogenesis-related hypothesis of tumors postulated that tumors arise from displaced/activated trophoblasts, displaced (lost) germ cells, and the reprogramming/reactivation of gametogenic program in somatic cells. Early primordial germ cells (PGCs), embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic germ cells (EGCs), and pre-implantation embryos at the stage from two-cell stage to blastocysts originating from fertilization or parthenogenesis have the potential to develop teratomas/teratocarcinomas. In addition, the teratomas/teratocarcinomas/germ cells occur in gonads and extra-gonads. Undoubtedly, the findings provide strong support for the hypothesis. However, it was thought that these tumor types were an exception rather than verification. In fact, there are extensive similarities between somatic tumor types and embryonic/germ cell development, such as antigens, migration, invasion, and immune escape. It was documented that embryonic/germ cell genes play crucial roles in tumor behaviors, e.g. tumor initiation and metastasis. Of note, embryonic/germ cell-like tumor cells at different developmental stages including PGC and oocyte to the early embryo-like stage were identified in diverse tumor types by our group. These embryonic/germ cell-like cancer cells resemble the natural embryonic/germ cells in morphology, gene expression, the capability of teratoma formation, and the ability to undergo the process of oocyte maturation and parthenogenesis. These embryonic/germ cell-like cancer cells are derived from somatic cells and contribute to tumor formation, metastasis, and drug resistance, establishing asexual meiotic embryonic life cycle. p53 inhibits the reactivation of embryonic/germ cell state in somatic cells and oocyte-like cell maturation. Based on earlier and our recent studies, we propose a novel model to complete the gametogenesis-related hypothesis of tumors, which can be applied to certain somatic tumors. That is, tumors tend to establish a somatic asexual meiotic embryonic cycle through the activation of somatic female gametogenesis and parthenogenesis in somatic tumor cells during the tumor progression, thus passing on corresponding embryonic/germ cell traits leading to the malignant behaviors and enhancing the cells' independence. This concept may be instrumental to better understand the nature and evolution of tumors. We rationalize that targeting the key events of somatic pregnancy is likely a better therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment than directly targeting cell mitotic proliferation, especially for those tumors with p53 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Asad Moten
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Zhan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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2
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Teodorescu DL, Okajima S, Moten A, Teodorescu MHM, El Hechi M, Gutierrez-Arango S, Meier K, Smalley RJ, King DR. A Paradigm Shift in Critical Care Infrastructure in Complex Settings: Evaluating an Ultraportable Operating Room to Improve Field Surgical Safety. Mil Med 2021; 186:295-299. [PMID: 33499459 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scarcity of operating rooms and personal protective equipment in far-forward field settings make surgical infections a potential concern for combat mortality and morbidity. Surgical and transport personnel also face infectious risks from bodily fluid exposures. Our study aimed to describe the serial, proof-of-concept testing of the SurgiBox technology: an inflatable sterile environment that addresses the aforementioned problems, fits on gurneys and backpacks, and drapes over incisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SurgiBox environmental control unit and inflatable enclosure were optimized over five generations based on iterative feedback from stakeholders experienced in surgery in austere settings. The airflow system was developed by analytic modeling, verified through in silico modeling in SOLIDWORKS, and confirmed with prototype smoke-trail checking. Particulate counts evaluated the enclosure's ability to control and mitigate users' exposures to potentially infectious contaminants from the surgical field in various settings. SurgiBox enclosures were setup over a mannequin's torso, in a configuration and position for either thoracic or abdominal surgery. A particle counter was serially positioned in sternotomy and laparotomy positions, as well as bilateral flank positions. This setup was repeated with open ports exposing the enclosure to the external environment. To simulate stress scenarios, sampling was repeated with enclosure measurements during an increase in external particulate concentration. RESULTS The airflow technology effectively kept contaminants away from the incision and maintained a pressure differential to reduce particle entry. Benchtop testing demonstrated that even when ports were opened or the external environment had high contaminant burden, the enclosed surgical field consistently registered 0 particle count in all positions. Time from kit opening to incision averaged 54.5 seconds, with the rate-limiting step being connecting the environmental control unit to the enclosure. The portable kit weighted 5.9 lbs. CONCLUSIONS Analytic, in silico, and mechanical airflow modeling and benchtop testing have helped to quantify the SurgiBox system's reliability in creating and maintaining an operating room-quality surgical field within the enclosure as well as protecting the surgical team outside the enclosure. More recent and ongoing work has focused on specifying optimal use settings in the casualty chain of care, expanding support for circumferential procedures, automating airflow control, and accelerating system setup. SurgiBox's ultimate goal is to take timely, safe surgery to patients in even the most austere of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Teodorescu
- Department of Research and Development, Surgi Box Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Defense, National Capital Consortium, Defense Health Agency, Washington DC 20307, USA
| | - Stephen Okajima
- Department of Research and Development, Surgi Box Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asad Moten
- Department of Research and Development, Surgi Box Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Defense, National Capital Consortium, Defense Health Agency, Washington DC 20307, USA.,Department of Lab, Health Novations International, Houston, TX 70089, USA.,Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities; Harvard/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mike H M Teodorescu
- Department of Research and Development, Surgi Box Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Information Systems, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Majed El Hechi
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samantha Gutierrez-Arango
- D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karien Meier
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, Netherlands
| | - Robert J Smalley
- Medical Service, United States Air Force, Washington, DC 20330, USA
| | - David R King
- Department of Research and Development, Surgi Box Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical Service, United States Special Operations Command, Tampa, FL 33621, USA.,Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Cai Z, Moten A, Peng D, Hsu CC, Pan BS, Manne R, Li HY, Lin HK. The Skp2 Pathway: A Critical Target for Cancer Therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:16-33. [PMID: 32014608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for various cellular processes whose dysregulation is linked to serious diseases including cancer. Skp2, a well characterized component of Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex, is able to conjugate both K48-linked ubiquitin chains and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on its diverse substrates, inducing proteasome mediated proteolysis or modulating the function of tagged substrates respectively. Overexpression of Skp2 is observed in various human cancers associated with poor survival and adverse therapeutic outcomes, which in turn suggests that Skp2 engages in tumorigenic activity. To that end, the oncogenic properties of Skp2 are demonstrated by various genetic mouse models, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a target for tackling cancer. In this article, we will describe the downstream substrates of Skp2 as well as upstream regulators for Skp2-SCF complex activity. We will further summarize the comprehensive oncogenic functions of Skp2 while describing diverse strategies and therapeutic platforms currently available for developing Skp2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Asad Moten
- National Capital Consortium, Department of Defense, Washington DC, 20307, USA; Institute for Complex Systems, HealthNovations International, Houston, TX, 77089, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, 200 South Cedar, Little Rock AR 72202, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Tabiri S, Owusu F, Atindaana Abantanga F, Moten A, Nepogodiev D, Omar O, Bhangu A. Mesh versus suture repair of primary inguinal hernia in Ghana. BJS Open 2019; 3:629-633. [PMID: 31592101 PMCID: PMC6773628 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients in Ghana undergo suture repair for primary inguinal hernia. Although there is strong evidence from high‐income country settings to indicate superiority of mesh repair for inguinal hernia, the evidence to support the safety and effectiveness of mesh repair in the Ghanaian setting is limited. This study aimed to compare hernia recurrence rates following suture versus mesh repair in Ghana. Methods Men aged 18 years or over presenting with symptomatic, reducible inguinal hernias were included. Over the first 6 months all consecutive patients were enrolled prospectively and underwent a standardized suture repair; an equal number of patients were subsequently enrolled to undergo mesh repair. The primary outcome was hernia recurrence within 3 years of the index operation. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for age and right or left side. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals are reported. Results A total of 116 sutured and 116 mesh inguinal hernia repairs were performed. Three years after surgery, follow‐up data were available for 206 of the 232 patients (88·8 per cent). Recurrence occurred significantly more frequently in the suture repair group (23 of 103, 22·3 per cent) than in the mesh group (7 of 103, 6·8 per cent) (P = 0·002). In multivariable analysis, suture repair was independently associated with an increased risk of recurrence (OR 4·51, 95 per cent c.i. 1·76 to 11·52; P = 0·002). Conclusion In Ghana, mesh inguinal hernia repair was associated with reduced 3‐year recurrence compared with sutured repair. Controlled dissemination across Ghana should now be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabiri
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana.,Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana
| | - F Owusu
- St Patrick Hospital Offinso Ghana
| | - F Atindaana Abantanga
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana.,Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana
| | - A Moten
- Department of Surgery Temple University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - D Nepogodiev
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - O Omar
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - A Bhangu
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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Moten A, Gray J, Barelski A. CRITICAL MANAGEMENT OF A RARE LIFE-THREATENING ENDOVASCULAR COMPLICATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA BACTEREMIA. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Lango M, Moten A, Flieder D. Access to Care and Trends in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Incidence Rates in the United States. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Moten A, Schafer D, Fletcher EH, Montgomery E. Randomised controlled trials as a driving force of evidence-based public health on the population level. Perspect Public Health 2015; 136:25-7. [PMID: 26702115 DOI: 10.1177/1757913915616731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Geller A, Baden S, Berkley H, Bhatt V, Biondokin E, Broadhurst L, Chaudhari M, Clarke C, Correa A, Desai C, Schaeffer SF, Gardner J, Gillispie C, Harvey M, Ingraham C, Lewis D, Libutsi A, Luan WP, McAleese S, Middlebrook C, Moten A, Mullery S, Parvatheaneni K, Peterkin A, Praschan N, Prendergast E, Qureshi U, Risheq H, Shelat N, Shumway B, Wertin K, Yang S. Second Annual DC Public Health Case Challenge: Supporting Adult Involvement in Adolescent Health and Education. NAM Perspect 2015. [DOI: 10.31478/201510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Schafer D, Moten A. A paradigm shift in public health structures: creating sustainable systems to achieve global healthcare equity. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4475006 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Moten
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Novel Therapeutics, Healthnovations International, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ; National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Schafer
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Novel Therapeutics, Healthnovations International, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Farmer
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jim Kim
- World Bank, WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer, United Nations Development Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Alliance for NanoHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Akt phosphorylation at S473 and T308 has been believed to be the prerequisites for its activation for years. Now, new phosphorylation event on Akt is identified and can trigger Akt activation and lead to its downstream oncogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asad Moten
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404 [4] Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404
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Wolfram J, Yang Y, Shen J, Moten A, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. The nano-plasma interface: Implications of the protein corona. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:17-24. [PMID: 24656615 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between nanoparticles and macromolecules in the blood plasma dictate the biocompatibility and efficacy of nanotherapeutics. Accordingly, the properties of nanoparticles and endogenous biomolecules change at the nano-plasma interface. Here, we review the implications of such changes including toxicity, immunological recognition, molecular targeting, biodistribution, intracellular uptake, and drug release. Although this interface poses several challenges for nanomedicine, it also presents opportunities for exploiting nanoparticle-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Asad Moten
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Moten A, Obirieze A, Wilson L. Characterizing Lobular Carcinoma of the Male Breast. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang WL, Jin G, Li CF, Jeong YS, Moten A, Xu D, Feng Z, Chen W, Cai Z, Darnay B, Gu W, Lin HK. Cycles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination critically regulate growth factor-mediated activation of Akt signaling. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra3. [PMID: 23300340 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
K63-linked ubiquitination of Akt is a posttranslational modification that plays a critical role in growth factor-mediated membrane recruitment and activation of Akt. Although E3 ligases involved in growth factor-induced ubiquitination of Akt have been defined, the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that triggers deubiquitination of Akt and the function of Akt deubiquitination remain largely unclear. We showed that CYLD was a DUB for Akt and suppressed growth factor-mediated ubiquitination and activation of Akt. CYLD directly removed ubiquitin moieties from Akt under serum-starved conditions. CYLD dissociated from Akt upon growth factor stimulation, thereby allowing E3 ligases to induce ubiquitination and activation of Akt. CYLD deficiency also promoted cancer cell proliferation, survival, glucose uptake, and, when injected into mice, growth of prostate tumors. Our findings reveal the crucial role of cycles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of Akt in determining its plasma membrane localization and activation--and further identify CYLD as a molecular switch for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Moten
- Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ; Institute for Translational Medicine and Novel Therapeutics, Healthnovations International, Houston, Texas, USA ; International Pediatrics AIDS Initiative, Houston, Texas, USA
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Chan CH, Gao Y, Moten A, Lin HK. Novel ARF/p53-independent senescence pathways in cancer repression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:857-67. [PMID: 21594579 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which can be induced by various stimuli, is a stress response that manifests as irreversible cell cycle arrest. Recent studies have revealed that cellular senescence can serve as a critical barrier for cancer development. Induction of cellular senescence by oncogenic insults, such as Ras overexpression or by inactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor, triggers an ARF/p53-dependent tumor-suppressive effect which can significantly restrict cancer progression. Given the important role of the ARF/p53 pathway in cellular senescence and tumor suppression, drugs that stabilize p53 expression have been developed and tested in clinical trials. However, a major hurdle for p53 targeting in cancer treatment arises from the frequent deficiency or mutation of ARF or p53 in human cancers, which, in turn, profoundly compromises their tumor-suppressive ability. Recent discoveries of novel regulators involved in ARF/p53-independent cellular senescence not only reveal novel paradigms for cellular senescence but also provide alternative approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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