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Kafri M, Patena W, Martin L, Wang L, Gomer G, Ergun SL, Sirkejyan AK, Goh A, Wilson AT, Gavrilenko SE, Breker M, Roichman A, McWhite CD, Rabinowitz JD, Cross FR, Wühr M, Jonikas MC. Systematic identification and characterization of genes in the regulation and biogenesis of photosynthetic machinery. Cell 2023; 186:5638-5655.e25. [PMID: 38065083 PMCID: PMC10760936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to food production and the Earth's biogeochemistry, yet the molecular basis for its regulation remains poorly understood. Here, using high-throughput genetics in the model eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we identify with high confidence (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.11) 70 poorly characterized genes required for photosynthesis. We then enable the functional characterization of these genes by providing a resource of proteomes of mutant strains, each lacking one of these genes. The data allow assignment of 34 genes to the biogenesis or regulation of one or more specific photosynthetic complexes. Further analysis uncovers biogenesis/regulatory roles for at least seven proteins, including five photosystem I mRNA maturation factors, the chloroplast translation factor MTF1, and the master regulator PMR1, which regulates chloroplast genes via nuclear-expressed factors. Our work provides a rich resource identifying regulatory and functional genes and placing them into pathways, thereby opening the door to a system-level understanding of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Kafri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Weronika Patena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lance Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lianyong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gillian Gomer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sabrina L Ergun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Arthur K Sirkejyan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Audrey Goh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexandra T Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sophia E Gavrilenko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michal Breker
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Asael Roichman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Claire D McWhite
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Frederick R Cross
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martin C Jonikas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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2
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Bartman CR, Weilandt DR, Shen Y, Lee WD, Han Y, TeSlaa T, Jankowski CSR, Samarah L, Park NR, da Silva-Diz V, Aleksandrova M, Gultekin Y, Marishta A, Wang L, Yang L, Roichman A, Bhatt V, Lan T, Hu Z, Xing X, Lu W, Davidson S, Wühr M, Vander Heiden MG, Herranz D, Guo JY, Kang Y, Rabinowitz JD. Slow TCA flux and ATP production in primary solid tumours but not metastases. Nature 2023; 614:349-357. [PMID: 36725930 PMCID: PMC10288502 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissues derive ATP from two pathways-glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle coupled to the electron transport chain. Most energy in mammals is produced via TCA metabolism1. In tumours, however, the absolute rates of these pathways remain unclear. Here we optimize tracer infusion approaches to measure the rates of glycolysis and the TCA cycle in healthy mouse tissues, Kras-mutant solid tumours, metastases and leukaemia. Then, given the rates of these two pathways, we calculate total ATP synthesis rates. We find that TCA cycle flux is suppressed in all five primary solid tumour models examined and is increased in lung metastases of breast cancer relative to primary orthotopic tumours. As expected, glycolysis flux is increased in tumours compared with healthy tissues (the Warburg effect2,3), but this increase is insufficient to compensate for low TCA flux in terms of ATP production. Thus, instead of being hypermetabolic, as commonly assumed, solid tumours generally produce ATP at a slower than normal rate. In mouse pancreatic cancer, this is accommodated by the downregulation of protein synthesis, one of this tissue's major energy costs. We propose that, as solid tumours develop, cancer cells shed energetically expensive tissue-specific functions, enabling uncontrolled growth despite a limited ability to produce ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Bartman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel R Weilandt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Won Dong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yujiao Han
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Connor S R Jankowski
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Laith Samarah
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Noel R Park
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Maya Aleksandrova
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yetis Gultekin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Argit Marishta
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Asael Roichman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Taijin Lan
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhixian Hu
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shawn Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yibin Kang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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3
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Lea AJ, Caldas IV, Garske KM, Echwa J, Gurven M, Handley C, Kahumbu J, Kamau, Kinyua P, Lotukoi F, Lopurudoi A, Lowasa S, Mallarino R, Martins D, Messer PW, Miano C, Muhoya B, Peng J, Phung T, Rabinowitz JD, Roichman A, Siford R, Stone A, Oill AT, Mathew S, Wilson MA, Ayroles JF. Adaptations to water stress and pastoralism in the Turkana of northwest Kenya. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.17.524066. [PMID: 36711473 PMCID: PMC9882148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Turkana people inhabit arid regions of east Africa-where temperatures are high and water is scarce-and they practice subsistence pastoralism, such that their diet is primarily composed of animal products. Working with Turkana communities, we sequenced 367 genomes and identified 8 regions putatively involved in adaptation to water stress and pastoralism. One of these regions includes a putative enhancer for STC1-a kidney-expressed gene involved in the response to dehydration and the metabolism of purine-rich foods such as red meat. We show that STC1 is induced by antidiuretic hormone in humans, is associated with urea levels in the Turkana themselves, and is under strong selection in this population (s∼0.041). This work highlights that partnerships with subsistence-level groups can lead to new models of human physiology with biomedical relevance.
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Zeng X, Xing X, Gupta M, Keber FC, Lopez JG, Lee YCJ, Roichman A, Wang L, Neinast MD, Donia MS, Wühr M, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD. Gut bacterial nutrient preferences quantified in vivo. Cell 2022; 185:3441-3456.e19. [PMID: 36055202 PMCID: PMC9450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding gut microbiomes' products and their effects on health and disease. Less attention, however, has been given to the inputs that gut bacteria consume. Here, we quantitatively examine inputs and outputs of the mouse gut microbiome, using isotope tracing. The main input to microbial carbohydrate fermentation is dietary fiber and to branched-chain fatty acids and aromatic metabolites is dietary protein. In addition, circulating host lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and urea (but not glucose or amino acids) feed the gut microbiome. To determine the nutrient preferences across bacteria, we traced into genus-specific bacterial protein sequences. We found systematic differences in nutrient use: most genera in the phylum Firmicutes prefer dietary protein, Bacteroides dietary fiber, and Akkermansia circulating host lactate. Such preferences correlate with microbiome composition changes in response to dietary modifications. Thus, diet shapes the microbiome by promoting the growth of bacteria that preferentially use the ingested nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Meera Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Felix C Keber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ying-Chiang J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Asael Roichman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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5
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Katz A, Gonen M, Shahar Y, Roichman A, Lerrer B, Cohen HY. Hypothalamus–Muscle Parallel Induction of Metabolic Pathways Following Physical Exercise. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897005. [PMID: 35928013 PMCID: PMC9344923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle requires less physical activity and skills during our daily routine, leading to multiple pathologies related to physical disabilities and energy accessibility. Thus, exploring the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of exercise is crucial. Here, we characterized the effect of forced and voluntary endurance exercises on three key metabolic signaling pathways, sirtuins, AMPK, and mTOR, across several metabolic tissues in mice: brain, muscles, and liver. Both voluntary and forced exercises induced AMPK with higher intensity in the first. The comparison between those metabolic tissues revealed that the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, two brain parts, showed different metabolic signaling activities. Strikingly, despite the major differences in the physiology of muscles and hypothalamic tissues, the hypothalamus replicates the metabolic response of the muscle in response to physical exercise. Specifically, muscles and hypothalamic tissues showed an increase and a decrease in AMPK and mTOR signaling, respectively. Overall, this study reveals new insight into the relation between the hypothalamus and muscles, which enhances the coordination within the muscle–brain axis and potentially improves the systemic response to physical activity performance and delaying health inactivity disorders.
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6
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Andrawus M, Sharvit L, Shekhidem HA, Roichman A, Cohen HY, Atzmon G. The effects of environmental stressors on candidate aging associated genes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110952. [PMID: 32344118 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is defined as a biological and physical complex process that is characterized by the increase in susceptibility to diseases and eventually death. Aging may occur at different rates between and within species, especially or (it varies) among the long-lived ones. Here, we ask whether this diversity (e.g. aging phenotype) stems from genetic or environmental factors or as a combination between the two (epigenetics). Epigenetics play a central role in controlling changes in gene expression during aging. DNA methylation is the most abundant epigenetic modification among vertebrates and is essential to mammalian development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we utilized the HELPtag assay to identify five candidate genes that were significantly hyper- or hypo-methylated across four different age groups in mice. The candidate genes were annotated using ensemble and their expression was further tested in vitro using the murine RAW 264.7 cell line to examine the effect of three environmental stressors (UV radiation, Hypoxia and fasting) on their expression. RNA was extracted at different time points followed by cDNA synthesis. Changes in gene expression were evaluated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We show that fasting and UV radiation reduced the viability of RAW264.7 cells. We also found a significant change in three candidate genes' expression levels during fasting (TOP2B, RNF13 and MRPL4). Furthermore, we found a significant change in the four candidate genes' expression levels following UVC treatment (TOP2B, RNF13, PKNOX1 and CREB5) and yet no changes were recorded in hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the model we used was a fitting model for the assessment of environmental stressors on candidate gene expression. In addition, we established a cellular response to the environment via changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrawus
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Asael Roichman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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7
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Naiman S, Huynh FK, Gil R, Glick Y, Shahar Y, Touitou N, Nahum L, Avivi MY, Roichman A, Kanfi Y, Gertler AA, Doniger T, Ilkayeva OR, Abramovich I, Yaron O, Lerrer B, Gottlieb E, Harris RA, Gerber D, Hirschey MD, Cohen HY. SIRT6 Promotes Hepatic Beta-Oxidation via Activation of PPARα. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4127-4143.e8. [PMID: 31851938 PMCID: PMC7165364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-longevity enzyme SIRT6 regulates various metabolic pathways. Gene expression analyses in SIRT6 heterozygotic mice identify significant decreases in PPARα signaling, known to regulate multiple metabolic pathways. SIRT6 binds PPARα and its response element within promoter regions and activates gene transcription. Sirt6+/- results in significantly reduced PPARα-induced β-oxidation and its metabolites and reduced alanine and lactate levels, while inducing pyruvate oxidation. Reciprocally, starved SIRT6 transgenic mice show increased pyruvate, acetylcarnitine, and glycerol levels and significantly induce β-oxidation genes in a PPARα-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIRT6 mediates PPARα inhibition of SREBP-dependent cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds PPARα coactivator NCOA2 and decreases liver NCOA2 K780 acetylation, which stimulates its activation of PPARα in a SIRT6-dependent manner. These coordinated SIRT6 activities lead to regulation of whole-body respiratory exchange ratio and liver fat content, revealing the interactions whereby SIRT6 synchronizes various metabolic pathways, and suggest a mechanism by which SIRT6 maintains healthy liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Naiman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Frank K Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reuven Gil
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yair Glick
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yael Shahar
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Noga Touitou
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Liat Nahum
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matan Y Avivi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yariv Kanfi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf A Gertler
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orly Yaron
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Batia Lerrer
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Doron Gerber
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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8
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Adwan Shekhidem H, Sharvit L, Leman E, Manov I, Roichman A, Holtze S, M Huffman D, Y Cohen H, Bernd Hildebrandt T, Shams I, Atzmon G. Telomeres and Longevity: A Cause or an Effect? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133233. [PMID: 31266154 PMCID: PMC6651551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dynamics have been found to be better predictors of survival and mortality than chronological age. Telomeres, the caps that protect the end of linear chromosomes, are known to shorten with age, inducing cell senescence and aging. Furthermore, differences in age-related telomere attrition were established between short-lived and long-lived organisms. However, whether telomere length is a “biological thermometer” that reflects the biological state at a certain point in life or a biomarker that can influence biological conditions, delay senescence and promote longevity is still an ongoing debate. We cross-sectionally tested telomere length in different tissues of two long-lived (naked mole-rat and Spalax) and two short-lived (rat and mice) species to tease out this enigma. While blood telomere length of the naked mole-rat (NMR) did not shorten with age but rather showed a mild elongation, telomere length in three tissues tested in the Spalax declined with age, just like in short-lived rodents. These findings in the NMR, suggest an age buffering mechanism, while in Spalax tissues the shortening of the telomeres are in spite of its extreme longevity traits. Therefore, using long-lived species as models for understanding the role of telomeres in longevity is of great importance since they may encompass mechanisms that postpone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Eva Leman
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Irena Manov
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Imad Shams
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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9
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Lev-Vachnish Y, Cadury S, Rotter-Maskowitz A, Feldman N, Roichman A, Illouz T, Varvak A, Nicola R, Madar R, Okun E. L-Lactate Promotes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:403. [PMID: 31178678 PMCID: PMC6542996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons in the adult brain, is important for memory formation and extinction. One of the most studied external interventions that affect the rate of adult neurogenesis is physical exercise. Physical exercise promotes adult neurogenesis via several factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we identified L-lactate, a physical exercise-induced metabolite, as a factor that promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis. While prolonged exposure to L-lactate promoted neurogenesis, no beneficial effect was exerted on cognitive learning and memory. Systemic pharmacological blocking of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), which transports L-lactate to the brain, prevented lactate-induced neurogenesis, while 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), an agonist for the lactate-receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), did not affect adult neurogenesis. These data suggest that L-lactate partially mediates the effect of physical exercise on adult neurogenesis, but not cognition, in a MCT2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeli Lev-Vachnish
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Cadury
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aviva Rotter-Maskowitz
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Feldman
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Illouz
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alexander Varvak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raneen Nicola
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ravit Madar
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
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10
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Simon M, Van Meter M, Ablaeva J, Ke Z, Gonzalez RS, Taguchi T, De Cecco M, Leonova KI, Kogan V, Helfand SL, Neretti N, Roichman A, Cohen HY, Meer MV, Gladyshev VN, Antoch MP, Gudkov AV, Sedivy JM, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. LINE1 Derepression in Aged Wild-Type and SIRT6-Deficient Mice Drives Inflammation. Cell Metab 2019; 29:871-885.e5. [PMID: 30853213 PMCID: PMC6449196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient for SIRT6 exhibit a severely shortened lifespan, growth retardation, and highly elevated LINE1 (L1) activity. Here we report that SIRT6-deficient cells and tissues accumulate abundant cytoplasmic L1 cDNA, which triggers strong type I interferon response via activation of cGAS. Remarkably, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which inhibit L1 retrotransposition, significantly improved health and lifespan of SIRT6 knockout mice and completely rescued type I interferon response. In tissue culture, inhibition of L1 with siRNA or NRTIs abrogated type I interferon response, in addition to a significant reduction of DNA damage markers. These results indicate that L1 activation contributes to the pathologies of SIRT6 knockout mice. Similarly, L1 transcription, cytoplasmic cDNA copy number, and type I interferons were elevated in the wild-type aged mice. As sterile inflammation is a hallmark of aging, we propose that modulating L1 activity may be an important strategy for attenuating age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Michael Van Meter
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Zhonghe Ke
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Taketo Taguchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Marco De Cecco
- Institute for Translational Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Katerina I Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Valeria Kogan
- Institute for Translational Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Stephen L Helfand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Asael Roichman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Margarita V Meer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina P Antoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - John M Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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11
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Shalev A, Benarroch F, Goltser-Dubner T, Canetti L, Saloner C, Roichman A, Cohen H, Galili-Weisstub E, Segman R. Long-Term Immune Alterations Accompanying Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder following Exposure to Suicide Bomb Terror Incidents during Childhood. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:130-135. [PMID: 29949798 DOI: 10.1159/000487275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long-term immune alterations have been proposed to play a mechanistic role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as in its associated increase in medical morbidity and mortality. Better characterization of altered immune function may help identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potentially targets for preventive intervention. METHODS As part of an ongoing study, we conducted a preliminary case-control comparison of resting immune inflammatory profiles between terror victims treated in childhood at the emergency department over the previous decade, who developed chronic PTSD upon long-term follow-up, and healthy controls. RESULTS Our preliminary results in a subsample of this ongoing study support and extend elevated resting levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted in childhood onset chronic PTSD. CONCLUSION Chronic immune alterations may participate in inflammatory activation and signal to the CNS through the neurovascular unit, as well as modulate the neuroendocrine axis. Better characterization and understanding of these preliminary findings may point to diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potentially elucidate mechanistic involvement of immune activation in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shalev
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fortunato Benarroch
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tanya Goltser-Dubner
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Canetti
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Saloner
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Cohen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Esti Galili-Weisstub
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Segman
- Herman-Dana Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Roichman A, Kanfi Y, Glazz R, Naiman S, Amit U, Landa N, Tinman S, Stein I, Pikarsky E, Leor J, Cohen HY. SIRT6 Overexpression Improves Various Aspects of Mouse Healthspan. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:603-615. [PMID: 27519885 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extension in human lifespan in the last century results in a significant increase in incidence of age related diseases. It is therefore crucial to identify key factors that control elderly healthspan. Similar to dietary restriction, mice overexpressing the NAD+ dependent protein deacylase SIRT6 (MOSES) live longer and have reduced IGF-1 levels. However, it is as yet unknown whether SIRT6 also affects various healthspan parameters. Here, a range of age related phenotypes was evaluated in MOSES mice. In comparison to their wild-type (WT) littermates, old MOSES mice showed amelioration of a variety of age-related disorders, including: improved glucose tolerance, younger hormonal profile, reduced age-related adipose inflammation and increased physical activity. The increased activity was accompanied with increased muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Altogether, these results indicate that overexpression of SIRT6 in mice retards important aspects of the aging process and suggest SIRT6 to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of a set of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asael Roichman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yariv Kanfi
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Renana Glazz
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shoshana Naiman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Amit
- Tamman and Neufeld Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Center of Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Natalie Landa
- Tamman and Neufeld Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Center of Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Simon Tinman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ilan Stein
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Tamman and Neufeld Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Center of Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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13
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Elhanati S, Kanfi Y, Varvak A, Roichman A, Carmel-Gross I, Barth S, Gibor G, Cohen HY. Multiple regulatory layers of SREBP1/2 by SIRT6. Cell Rep 2013; 4:905-12. [PMID: 24012758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT6 regulates genome stability, cancer, and lifespan. Mice overexpressing SIRT6 (MOSES) have lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and are protected against the physiological damage of obesity. Here, we examined the role of SIRT6 in cholesterol regulation via the lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1 and SREBP2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We show that SIRT6 represses SREBP1 and SREBP2 by at least three mechanisms. First, SIRT6 represses the transcription levels of SREBP1/SREBP2 and that of their target genes. Second, SIRT6 inhibits the cleavage of SREBP1/SREBP2 into their active forms. Third, SIRT6 activates AMPK by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio, which promotes phosphorylation and inhibition of SREBP1 by AMPK. Reciprocally, the expression of miR33a and miR33b from the introns of SREBP2 and SREBP1, respectively, represses SIRT6 levels. Together, these findings explain the mechanism underlying the improved cholesterol homeostasis in MOSES mice, revealing a relationship between fat metabolism and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Elhanati
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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