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Srinivasan K, Boulton CG, Bhattacharjee M, Sinha A, Loganathan S, Seethy A, Alam SM, Hanse B. Impact of heat stress on thermal balance, hydration and cortical response among outdoor workers in hot environment - an exploratory report from North East India. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:79-84. [PMID: 38468505 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the impact of heat stress on hydration and cognition among outdoor workers in hot environment. METHODS Area heat stress assessments were measured using Quest Temp WBGT monitor. Sweat rate for dehydration and reaction time for acute cognitive processing were recorded using standard procedures. RESULTS Heat stress measurements ranged from 23.8 °C - 42 °C. More than 50 % of the workers had high sweat rate (>1.2 L/h) when exposed to high environmental temperatures. Positive correlation was obtained between WBGT, sweat rate and reaction time which indicates that hyperthermia has an impact on neural network processing. Heart rate and reaction time also increased with rise in WBGT and heavy physical activity. CONCLUSIONS There was impairment of cognitive functions (reaction time) under heat stress conditions. Hence, reaction time can be used to assess the short-term impact of heat stress on neural modulation and will help to plan effective intervention strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Dhar R, Karmakar A, Chaudhary S, Bakhshi S, Palanichamy JK, Chopra A, Chauhan SS, Karmakar S. Loss of TET2 with reduced genomic 5-hmC is associated with adverse-risk AML. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3426-3432. [PMID: 36165590 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While considerable information exists on the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) mutational landscape in AML, the information on TET2 expression is limiting. So, we aimed to study the TET2 expression at mRNA and protein levels in AML patients compared to healthy controls. To achieve this, we recruited 70 non-M3, de novo AML patients and 20 healthy controls. The expression of TET2 was checked at mRNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA respectively and the TET activity was checked by the 5-hmC assay. TET2 mRNA expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. We found a significant downregulation of TET2 mRNA and protein and significantly lower DNA 5-hmC levels in AML patients compared to controls. TET2 downregulation was more in patients with high blast counts and patients of the adverse-risk ELN category. We also found a significant upregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3a suggesting a hypermethylation phenotype in de novo AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhibroto Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anita Chopra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Manhas J, Lohani LR, Seethy A, Kumar U, Gamanagatti S, Sen S. Case report: Characterization of a rare pathogenic variant associated with loss of COL3A1 expression in vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:939013. [PMID: 36304539 PMCID: PMC9595653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.939013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular subtype of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by spontaneous arterial, bowel or organ rupture. The diagnosis of vEDS is established in a proband by identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the alpha-1 gene of type III collagen (COL3A1) by molecular analysis. In this report, we present a case of vEDS with life threatening, spontaneous arterial dissections in association with an uncharacterized rare variant of COL3A1, exon19:c.1340G > A. Primary culture of patient skin fibroblasts followed by immunofluorescence revealed a complete absence of COL3A1 protein expression as well as altered morphology. Electron microscopy of the cultured fibroblasts showed abnormal vacuoles in the cytoplasm suggestive of a secretory defect. In this study, we have performed functional characterization of the COL3A1 exon19:c.1340G > A variant for the first time and this may now be classified as likely pathogenic in vEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvie Manhas
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lov Raj Lohani
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Uma Kumar,
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudip Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Dhar R, Seethy A, Singh S, Pethusamy K, Srivastava T, Talukdar J, Rath GK, Karmakar S. Cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and challenges. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:834-844. [PMID: 34528529 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1241_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic therapy or biotherapy. One of the fundamental challenges that a living cell encounters are to accurately copy its genetic material to daughter cells during every single cell cycle. When this process goes haywire, genomic instability ensues, and genetic alterations ranging from nucleotide changes to chromosomal translocations and aneuploidy occur. Genomic instability arising out of DNA structural changes (indels, rearrangements, etc.,) can give rise to mutations predisposing to cancer. Cancer prevention refers to actions taken to mitigate the risk of getting cancer. The past decade has encountered an explosive rate of development of anticancer therapy ranging from standard chemotherapy to novel targeted small molecules that are nearly cancer specific, thereby reducing collateral damage. However, a new class of emerging therapy aims to train the body's defense system to fight against cancer. Termed as "cancer immunotherapy" is the new approach that has gained worldwide acceptance. It includes using antibodies that bind to and inhibit the function of proteins expressed by cancer cells or engineering and boosting the person's own T lymphocytes to target cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent advances and developments in cancer immunotherapy along with their shortcoming and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DRBRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chattopadhyay I, Dhar R, Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Srivastava T, Sah R, Sharma J, Karmakar S. Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiome in Colon Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1780-1799. [PMID: 33492552 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolic transformations of dietary components into oncometabolites and tumor-suppressive metabolites that in turn affect CRC development. In a healthy colon, the major of microbial metabolism is saccharolytic fermentation pathways. The alpha-bug hypothesis suggested that oncogenic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) induce the development of CRC through direct interactions with colonic epithelial cells and alterations of microbiota composition at the colorectal site. Escherichia coli, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, and Streptococcus gallolyticus showed higher abundance whereas Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia showed reduced abundance in CRC patients. The alterations of gut microbiota may be used as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat CRC. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium inhibit the growth of CRC through inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis and enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Crosstalk between lifestyle, host genetics, and gut microbiota is well documented in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Future studies are required to understand the interaction between gut microbiota and host to the influence and prevention of CRC. However, a better understanding of bacterial dysbiosis in the heterogeneity of CRC tumors should also be considered. Metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic studies are considered a powerful omic tool to understand the anti-cancer properties of certain bacterial strains. The clinical benefits of probiotics in the CRC context remain to be determined. Metagenomic approaches along with metabolomics and immunology will open a new avenue for the treatment of CRC shortly. Dietary interventions may be suitable to modulate the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramkishor Sah
- Rajendra Prasad Center for Opthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, NCI AIIMS, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Dhar R, Jee B, Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Kumar A, Karmakar S. The scars of COVID19: Preparing for the collateral damages. Asian J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v11i6.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic of disproportionate magnitude. Its devastating effect seems to have a more significant impact on the emerging economies like India and the rest of SE Asia, which also has regions harbouring some of the world's highest population density living under poor socio-economic condition. What seems to have originated from one just one province in China, rapidly speard like wildfire across international territories, affecting millions and crippling the health care system. After about eight months into COVID-19, we realized that the fallout is not only humongous but also stretched across multiple avenues of the society and different aspects of our life. The scars of COVID-19 are much more than the virus itself. With a global shutdown in business and financial institutions, the economy is in free fall. Markets plummeted, stocks crashed and unemployment numbers skyrocketed. Apart from the economy, COVID-19 related shutdown has a tremendous impact on the healthcare system for those with preventable ailments, which were either compromised or delayed affecting millions who need hospitalization for non-COVID causes. COVID crisis also seems responsible for the emergence of a new culture system and mindset that was unprecedented before. With schools and other academic institutions closed, online teaching through electronic media and work from home became the new normal. In this editorial, we summarized the collateral damage on society, economy, and human health in the COVID crisis and few suggestions to chalk out a new plan and strategy to address the challenges for a future episode of similar nature. Though we could still remain vulnerable against similar contagious agents, an advanced planning strategy and preparedness will surely help us better in effective damage control and risk mitigation, not only to reduce mortality, but also from economic downfall.
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Dhar R, Pethusamy K, Singh S, Mukherjee I, Seethy A, Sengupta B, Srivastava T, Sarkar S, Mandal V, Karmakar M, Gupta S, Ghosh A, Karmakar S. Draft genome of Ompok bimaculatus (Pabda fish). BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:825. [PMID: 31878964 PMCID: PMC6933649 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pabda (Ompok bimaculatus) is a freshwater catfish, largely available in Asian countries, especially in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal. This fish is highly valued for its fabulous taste and high nutritional value and is very popular as a rich source of proteins, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins and mineral for growing children, pregnant females and elders. We performed de-novo sequencing of Ompok bimaculatus using a hybrid approach and present here a draft assembly for this species for the first time. DATA DESCRIPTION The genome of Ompok bimaculatus (Fig. 1: Table 1, Data file 3) from Ganges river, has been sequenced by hybrid approach using Illumina short reads and PacBio long reads followed by structural annotations. The draft genome assembly was found to be 718 Mb with N50 size of 81 kb. MAKER gene annotation tool predicted 21,371 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharoti Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajib Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sandipan Gupta
- Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Bramhananda Keshab Chandra College, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- Eurofins Genomics India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Dhar R, Seethy A, Pethusamy K, Singh S, Rohil V, Purkayastha K, Mukherjee I, Goswami S, Singh R, Raj A, Srivastava T, Acharya S, Rajashekhar B, Karmakar S. De novo assembly of the Indian blue peacock (Pavo cristatus) genome using Oxford Nanopore technology and Illumina sequencing. Gigascience 2019; 8:5488106. [PMID: 31077316 PMCID: PMC6511069 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristanus) is native to South Asia and is the national bird of India. Here we present a draft genome sequence of the male blue peacock using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT). Results ONT sequencing gave ∼2.3-fold sequencing coverage, whereas Illumina generated 150–base pair paired-end sequence data at 284.6-fold coverage from 5 libraries. Subsequently, we generated a 0.915-gigabase pair de novo assembly of the peacock genome with a scaffold N50 of 0.23 megabase pairs (Mb). We predict that the peacock genome contains 23,153 protein-coding genes and 75.3 Mb (7.33%) of repetitive sequences. Conclusions We report a high-quality assembly of the peacock genome using a hybrid approach of sequences generated by both Illumina and ONT. The long-read chemistry generated by ONT was useful for addressing challenges related to de novo assembly, particularly at regions containing repetitive sequences spanning longer than the read length, and which could not be resolved with only short-read–based assembly. Contig assembly of Illumina short reads gave an N50 of 1,639 bases, whereas with ONT, the N50 increased by >9-fold to 14,749 bases. The initial contig assembly based on Illumina sequencing reads alone gave 685,241 contigs. Further scaffolding on assembled contigs using both Illumina and ONT sequencing reads resulted in a final assembly of 15,025 super-scaffolds, with an N50 of ∼0.23 Mb. Ninety-five percent of proteins predicted by homology matched with those in a public repository, verifying the completeness of our assembly. Like other phylogenetic studies of avian conserved genes, we found P. cristatus to be most closely related to Gallus gallus, followed by Meleagris gallopavo and Anas platyrhynchos. Compared with the recently published peacock genome assembly, the current, superior, hybrid assembly has greater sequencing depth, fewer non-ATGC sequences, and fewer scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vishwajeet Rohil
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kakali Purkayastha
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Kanpur Zoo, Hastings Ave, Azad Nagar, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Ankita Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sovon Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Balaji Rajashekhar
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, J. Liivi, Tartu 50409, Estonia.,Celixa, 19/1 Sankey Road, Bangalore 560020, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Room 3020, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Guru SA, Bhat MA, Seethy A, Zuberi M, Sumi MP, Singh P, Ray PC, Gupta N, Saxena A. RIZ1 negatively regulates IGF-1 expression in chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw521.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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