1
|
Osborne A, Phelan JE, Vanheer LN, Manjurano A, Gitaka J, Drakeley CJ, Kaneko A, Kita K, Campino S, Clark TG. High throughput human genotyping for variants associated with malarial disease outcomes using custom targeted amplicon sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12062. [PMID: 37495620 PMCID: PMC10371994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria has exhibited the strongest known selective pressure on the human genome in recent history and is the evolutionary driving force behind genetic conditions, such as sickle-cell disease, glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, and some other erythrocyte defects. Genomic studies (e.g., The 1000 Genomes project) have provided an invaluable baseline for human genetics, but with an estimated two thousand ethno-linguistic groups thought to exist across the African continent, our understanding of the genetic differences between indigenous populations and their implications on disease is still limited. Low-cost sequencing-based approaches make it possible to target specific molecular markers and genes of interest, leading to potential insights into genetic diversity. Here we demonstrate the versatility of custom dual-indexing technology and Illumina next generation sequencing to generate a genetic profile of human polymorphisms associated with malaria pathology. For 100 individuals diagnosed with severe malaria in Northeast Tanzania, variants were successfully characterised on the haemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1) genes, and the intergenic Dantu genetic blood variant, then validated using pre-existing genotyping data. High sequencing coverage was observed across all amplicon targets in HBB, G6PD, ACKR1, and the Dantu blood group, with variants identified at frequencies previously observed within this region of Tanzania. Sequencing data exhibited high concordance rates to pre-existing genotyping data (> 99.5%). Our work demonstrates the potential utility of amplicon sequencing for applications in human genetics, including to personalise medicine and understand the genetic diversity of loci linked to important host phenotypes, such as malaria susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Leen N Vanheer
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- Mwanza Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Joint Malaria Program, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- Centre for Malaria Elimination, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Christopher J Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osborne A, Phelan JE, Kaneko A, Kagaya W, Chan C, Ngara M, Kongere J, Kita K, Gitaka J, Campino S, Clark TG. Drug resistance profiling of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections on Ngodhe island, Kenya, using custom dual-indexing next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11416. [PMID: 37452073 PMCID: PMC10349106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria control initiatives require rapid and reliable methods for the detection and monitoring of molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Ngodhe island, Kenya, presents a unique malaria profile, with lower P. falciparum incidence rates than the surrounding region, and a high proportion of sub-microscopic and low-density infections. Here, using custom dual-indexing and Illumina next generation sequencing, we generate resistance profiles on seventy asymptomatic and low-density P. falciparum infections from a mass drug administration program implemented on Ngodhe island between 2015 and 2016. Our assay encompasses established molecular markers on the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and Pfk13 genes. Resistance markers for sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were identified at high frequencies, including a quintuple mutant haplotype (Pfdhfr/Pfdhps: N51I, C59R, S108N/A437G, K540E) identified in 62.2% of isolates. The Pfdhps K540E biomarker, used to inform decision making for intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy, was identified in 79.2% of isolates. Several variants on Pfmdr1, associated with reduced susceptibility to quinolones and lumefantrine, were also identified (Y184F 47.1%; D1246Y 16.0%; N86 98%). Overall, we have presented a low-cost and extendable approach that can provide timely genetic profiles to inform clinical and surveillance activities, especially in settings with abundant low-density infections, seeking malaria elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chim Chan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Kongere
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Centre for Research in Tropical Medicine and Community Development (CRTMCD), Hospital Road Next to Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- Centre for Malaria Elimination, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vanheer LN, Mahamar A, Manko E, Niambele SM, Sanogo K, Youssouf A, Dembele A, Diallo M, Maguiraga SO, Phelan J, Osborne A, Spadar A, Smit MJ, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Clark TG, Stone W, Dicko A, Campino S. Genome-wide genetic variation and molecular surveillance of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic individuals in Ouélessébougou, Mali. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9522. [PMID: 37308503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence analysis of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is informative in ensuring sustained success of malaria control programmes. Whole-genome sequencing technologies provide insights into the epidemiology and genome-wide variation of P. falciparum populations and can characterise geographical as well as temporal changes. This is particularly important to monitor the emergence and spread of drug resistant P. falciparum parasites which is threatening malaria control programmes world-wide. Here, we provide a detailed characterisation of genome-wide genetic variation and drug resistance profiles in asymptomatic individuals in South-Western Mali, where malaria transmission is intense and seasonal, and case numbers have recently increased. Samples collected from Ouélessébougou, Mali (2019-2020; n = 87) were sequenced and placed in the context of older Malian (2007-2017; n = 876) and African-wide (n = 711) P. falciparum isolates. Our analysis revealed high multiclonality and low relatedness between isolates, in addition to increased frequencies of molecular markers for sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and lumefantrine resistance, compared to older Malian isolates. Furthermore, 21 genes under selective pressure were identified, including a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate (pfCelTOS) and an erythrocyte invasion locus (pfdblmsp2). Overall, our work provides the most recent assessment of P. falciparum genetic diversity in Mali, a country with the second highest burden of malaria in West Africa, thereby informing malaria control activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen N Vanheer
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Emilia Manko
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sidi M Niambele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ahamadou Youssouf
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Dembele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Makonon Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydina O Maguiraga
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jody Phelan
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ashley Osborne
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Spadar
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Merel J Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - William Stone
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kagaya W, Chan CW, Kongere J, Kanoi BN, Ngara M, Omondi P, Osborne A, Barbieri L, Kc A, Minakawa N, Gitaka J, Kaneko A. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling net on reducing malaria prevalence in children in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:354. [PMID: 37231429 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya, malaria remains highly endemic despite high coverage of interventions such as insecticide-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). The malaria-protective effect of LLINs is hampered by insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and its repurposing by the community. Ceiling nets and LLIN with synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO-LLIN) are novel tools that can overcome the problems of behavioral variation of net use and metabolic resistance to insecticide, respectively. The two have been shown to reduce malaria prevalence when used independently. Integration of these two tools (i.e., ceiling nets made with PBO-LLIN or Olyset®Plus ceiling nets) appears promising in further reducing the malaria burden. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial is designed to assess the effect of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets on reducing malaria prevalence in children on Mfangano Island in Homa Bay County, where malaria transmission is moderate. Olyset®Plus ceiling nets will be installed in 1315 residential structures. Malaria parasitological, entomological, and serological indicators will be measured for 12 months to compare the effectiveness of this new intervention against conventional LLIN in the control arm. DISCUSSION Wider adoption of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets to complement existing interventions may benefit other malaria-endemic counties and be incorporated as part of Kenya's national malaria elimination strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000045079. Registered on 4 August 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chim W Chan
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - James Kongere
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernard N Kanoi
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Protus Omondi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Barbieri
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Achyut Kc
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Virology and Parasitology/Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moss S, Mańko E, Vasileva H, Da Silva ET, Goncalves A, Osborne A, Phelan J, Rodrigues A, Djata P, D'Alessandro U, Mabey D, Krishna S, Last A, Clark TG, Campino S. Population dynamics and drug resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum on the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6311. [PMID: 37072433 PMCID: PMC10113324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Following integrated malaria control interventions, malaria burden on the Bijagós Archipelago has significantly decreased. Understanding the genomic diversity of circulating Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites can assist infection control, through identifying drug resistance mutations and characterising the complexity of population structure. This study presents the first whole genome sequence data for P. falciparum isolates from the Bijagós Archipelago. Amplified DNA from P. falciparum isolates sourced from dried blood spot samples of 15 asymptomatic malaria cases were sequenced. Using 1.3 million SNPs characterised across 795 African P. falciparum isolates, population structure analyses revealed that isolates from the archipelago cluster with samples from mainland West Africa and appear closely related to mainland populations; without forming a separate phylogenetic cluster. This study characterises SNPs associated with antimalarial drug resistance on the archipelago. We observed fixation of the PfDHFR mutations N51I and S108N, associated with resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the continued presence of PfCRT K76T, associated with chloroquine resistance. These data have relevance for infection control and drug resistance surveillance; particularly considering expected increases in antimalarial drug use following updated WHO recommendations, and the recent implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and mass drug administration in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moss
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Emilia Mańko
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hristina Vasileva
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eunice Teixeira Da Silva
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Ministry of Public Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Adriana Goncalves
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jody Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Paulo Djata
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - David Mabey
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sanjeev Krishna
- Clinical Academic Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, and St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St. George's University of London, London, UK
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut Für Tropenmedizin Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Last
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Devine R, Spaulding A, Osborne A, Isaacson K, Kuck J, Smith R. 290 Trauma Patients in Police Custody - Who Are They and How Were They Injured? Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Jordan J, Weygandt P, Osborne A, Moore K. 144 Foundations of Emergency Medicine Resident as Teacher Experience. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Cantoni D, Osborne A, Taib N, Thompson G, Martín‐Escolano R, Kazana E, Edrich E, Brown IR, Gribaldo S, Gourlay CW, Tsaousis AD. Localization and functional characterization of the alternative oxidase in Naegleria. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12908. [PMID: 35322502 PMCID: PMC9540462 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a protein involved in supporting enzymatic reactions of the Krebs cycle in instances when the canonical (cytochrome-mediated) respiratory chain has been inhibited, while allowing for the maintenance of cell growth and necessary metabolic processes for survival. Among eukaryotes, alternative oxidases have dispersed distribution and are found in plants, fungi, and protists, including Naegleria ssp. Naegleria species are free-living unicellular amoeboflagellates and include the pathogenic species of N. fowleri, the so-called "brain-eating amoeba." Using a multidisciplinary approach, we aimed to understand the evolution, localization, and function of AOX and the role that plays in Naegleria's biology. Our analyses suggest that AOX was present in last common ancestor of the genus and structure prediction showed that all functional residues are also present in Naegleria species. Using cellular and biochemical techniques, we also functionally characterize N. gruberi's AOX in its mitochondria, and we demonstrate that its inactivation affects its proliferation. Consequently, we discuss the benefits of the presence of this protein in Naegleria species, along with its potential pathogenicity role in N. fowleri. We predict that our findings will spearhead new explorations to understand the cell biology, metabolism, and evolution of Naegleria and other free-living relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cantoni
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Ashley Osborne
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Najwa Taib
- Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial CellDepartment of MicrobiologyInstitut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 2001ParisFrance
- Hub Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsDepartment of Computational BiologyInstitut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRSParisFrance
| | - Gary Thompson
- NMR FacilitySchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Rubén Martín‐Escolano
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Eleanna Kazana
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Elizabeth Edrich
- Kent Fungal Group, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Ian R. Brown
- Bioimaging FacilitySchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Simonetta Gribaldo
- Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial CellDepartment of MicrobiologyInstitut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 2001ParisFrance
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Anastasios D. Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID GroupSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakou E, Fisher R, Tountas C, Corcoran E, Dhariwal A, Marvaki A, Hua A, O'Gallagher K, Nabeebaccus A, Pearson P, Fonseca T, Osborne A, Vega C, Monaghan M, Papachristidis A. Critical COVID-19 rarely associated with left ventricular systolic impairment. Eur Heart J 2021. [PMCID: PMC8767601 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For some individuals infection with SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 can result in a life-threatening multi-system disease. Multiple potential pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of cardiovascular complications have been postulated [1]. Early reports suggested that more than a third of hospitalised patients undergoing TTE had evidence of LV impairment [2]. Purpose To ascertain the incidence of ventricular impairment among critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Retrospective analysis of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) performed on patients admitted to ICU with COVID-19 between 10th March and 10th May 2020. Archived studies were reviewed by accredited professionals. Studies were performed according to a modified British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) Level 1 protocol [3], with the addition of right ventricle (RV) focused apical 4 chamber, as well as apical 2 and 3 chamber views, and without ECG synchronisation as per infection control protocols. In the majority of patients the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was estimated from biplane Simpson's method. The RV function was assessed using the TAPSE in most patients. In the remaining patients the LV or RV function was visually assessed. Results Of 179 patients admitted to ICU, 85 (47.5%) had at least one TTE of diagnostic quality. Studies were performed a median of 7 days after ICU admission (IQR 3–17 days). Baseline and clinical characteristics and key echocardiographic measurements are summarised in table 1. The majority of patients were undergoing mechanical ventilation at the time of the scan (94.1%). One hundred and fifty-nine patients (89%) had elevated Troponin T (≥14ng/L) on the day of the study. LV systolic impairment (LVSD) was present in 5 patients (6.0%). This was known to be chronic in 3 patients (1 with coronary artery disease, 1 with chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy and 1 with dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology), whilst pre-morbid cardiac function was unknown in the other 2 patients. No patient had severe LVSD (LVEF ≤35%). RV systolic dysfunction (RVSD) was found in 25 patients (31.3%). Amongst patients receiving mechanical ventilation there was no significant difference in Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) between patients with and without RVSD (9.4cmH2O vs. 9.8cmH2O, p=0.64), however there was a non-significant trend towards lower PaO2/FiO2 (P/F ratio) amongst patients with RVSD (18.9kPa vs 25.7kPa, p=0.07). Conclusions In contrast to other studies which have reported high frequency of LV impairment amongst hospitalised patients with COVID-19 [3], de novo LVSD was rarely found in this study, occurring in just 2 patients (2.4%), and being severe in neither. RV dilatation and systolic impairment were commonly found. A trend towards lower P/F ratios in patients with RVSD suggests severity of lung injury may be a factor in developing RV impairment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Nakou
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Fisher
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Tountas
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Corcoran
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Dhariwal
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Marvaki
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Hua
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - P Pearson
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Fonseca
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Osborne
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Vega
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Monaghan
- King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Osborne A, Manko E, Takeda M, Kaneko A, Kagaya W, Chan C, Ngara M, Kongere J, Kita K, Campino S, Kaneko O, Gitaka J, Clark TG. Characterizing the genomic variation and population dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in and around Lake Victoria, Kenya. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19809. [PMID: 34615917 PMCID: PMC8494747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterising the genomic variation and population dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in high transmission regions of Sub-Saharan Africa is crucial to the long-term efficacy of regional malaria elimination campaigns and eradication. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies can contribute towards understanding the epidemiology and structural variation landscape of P. falciparum populations, including those within the Lake Victoria basin, a region of intense transmission. Here we provide a baseline assessment of the genomic diversity of P. falciparum isolates in the Lake region of Kenya, which has sparse genetic data. Lake region isolates are placed within the context of African-wide populations using Illumina WGS data and population genomic analyses. Our analysis revealed that P. falciparum isolates from Lake Victoria form a cluster within the East African parasite population. These isolates also appear to have distinct ancestral origins, containing genome-wide signatures from both Central and East African lineages. Known drug resistance biomarkers were observed at similar frequencies to those of East African parasite populations, including the S160N/T mutation in the pfap2mu gene, which has been associated with delayed clearance by artemisinin-based combination therapy. Overall, our work provides a first assessment of P. falciparum genetic diversity within the Lake Victoria basin, a region targeting malaria elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Osborne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emilia Manko
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mika Takeda
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chim Chan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Kongere
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Centre for Research in Tropical Medicine and Community Development (CRTMCD), Hospital Road Next to Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- Centre for Malaria Elimination, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wheatley M, Lang N, Osborne A, Steck A, Moran T, Backster A. 74 Using an Observation Unit to Decrease Disparities in Opiate Medically Assisted Treatment Program Follow Up. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Wheatley M, Osborne A, Augustine J. 316 Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance Survey: Anatomy and Physiology of an Emergency Department Observation Unit. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Oliver AA, Stinson JS, Osborne A, Taylor C, Goldman J, Kirkpatrick SJ. Comparison of optical microscopy and optical coherence tomography as quality assurance methods for evaluating lubricious hydrophilic coatings surrounding catheter shafts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2538-2545. [PMID: 32078237 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac catheters are a vital tool in medicine due to their widespread use in many minimally invasive procedures. To aid in advancing the catheter within the patient's vasculature, many catheters are coated with a lubricious hydrophilic coating (HPC). Although HPCs benefit patients, their delamination during use is a serious safety concern. Adverse health effects associated with HPC delamination include pulmonary and myocardial embolism, embolic stroke, infarction, and death. In order to improve patient outcomes, more consistent manufacturing methods and improved quality assurance techniques are needed to evaluate HPC medical devices. The present work investigates the efficacy of two novel methods to image and evaluate HPCs post-manufacturing, relative to industry-standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based methods. We have shown that novel evaluation approaches based on optical microscopy (OM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are capable of imaging HPC layers and quantifying HPC thickness, saving hours of time relative to SEM sample preparation and imaging. Additionally, the nondestructive nature of OCT avoids damage and alteration to the HPC prior to imaging, leading to more reliable HPC thickness measurements. Overall, the work demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of using OM and OCT to image and measure HPC thickness relative to industry-standard SEM methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Sean J Kirkpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carter BG, Kiraly N, Hochmann M, Stephens R, Osborne A. ICU Staffing: Identification and Survey of Staff Involved in Providing Technical Support Services to Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 35:259-65. [PMID: 17444317 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0703500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a survey of all (200) Australian and New Zealand intensive care units to determine the presence and nature of staff employed in a technical support role. Specifically, we attempted to identify staff who are formally employed in a role where they are directly responsible for the equipment used in intensive care. Of 130 returned surveys, 80 units (62%) reported not having any personnel in this role. In these units technical tasks were most commonly performed by registered nurses (79%) but were also performed by a variety of other personnel. Fifty units (38%), consisting of approximately 105 individuals providing a total of 84.3 EFTs and most commonly in public (84%) or metropolitan (70%) hospitals or level 3 (64%) intensive care units, did have one or more staff acting in a formal technical support role. The most common groups filling the technical support role were nurses (42%), technicians (24%), biomedical engineers (10%) and technologists (6%). The most common duties performed were equipment troubleshooting (92%), training (80%), equipment evaluation (80%), ordering supplies (77%), consumable evaluation (75%), equipment cleaning (73%), delivery of supplies (70%), handling product recalls (65%), equipment maintenance (65%) and sitting on hospital committees (52%). This is the first attempt to identify and understand the technical support role in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Numerous issues remain and future work will hopefully add to our findings, with the possibility of formal recognition of the role, training and/or accreditation and its extension into other hospital departments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Carter
- Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Doorn D, Richardson N, Storey A, Osborne A, Cunningham C, Blake C, McNamara J. Farming characteristics and self-reported health outcomes of Irish farmers. Occup Med (Lond) 2019; 68:199-202. [PMID: 29471491 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irish farmers represent a 'high-risk' group for non-communicable diseases, which, arguably, pose a greater occupational health challenge for farmers. To date, there has been little exploration of the farming characteristics associated with farmers' poor health outcomes. Aims To examine the relationship between farming and male farmers' self-reported health outcomes and to compare the study findings to national health studies to explore which factors specifically are associated with Irish farmers' poorer health outcomes relative to the general population. Methods This cross-sectional survey research used self-reported quantitative data on the health outcomes and health behaviours of male farmers from the South-East of Ireland. Data were entered into SPSS and descriptive and binary regression techniques were used for data analysis. Results There were 314 participants (99% response rate). Age, full-time farming and dairy farming significantly impacted self-reported health outcomes and health behaviours. There was a high prevalence of self-reported arthritis compared with the national average of Irish males. 'Younger' farmers (<45 years) were more likely to engage in harmful health behaviours such as smoking and 'binge-drinking' one or more times per week. Conclusions This study identified self-reported patterns of risky lifestyle behaviours among particular subgroups of Irish farmers for whom targeted health interventions are warranted. Interventions are particularly important for younger farmers who may see themselves as invincible and impregnable to ill-health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D van Doorn
- National Centre for Men's Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - N Richardson
- National Centre for Men's Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - A Storey
- Health Sciences, Health Sport And Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - A Osborne
- School of Public Health, Physiology and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Cunningham
- School of Public Health, Physiology and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiology and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McNamara
- Teagasc, Kildalton College, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stoffel MA, Humble E, Paijmans AJ, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Chilvers BL, Dickerson B, Galimberti F, Gemmell NJ, Goldsworthy SD, Nichols HJ, Krüger O, Negro S, Osborne A, Pastor T, Robertson BC, Sanvito S, Schultz JK, Shafer ABA, Wolf JBW, Hoffman JI. Demographic histories and genetic diversity across pinnipeds are shaped by human exploitation, ecology and life-history. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4836. [PMID: 30446730 PMCID: PMC6240053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A central paradigm in conservation biology is that population bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and population viability. In an era of biodiversity loss and climate change, understanding the determinants and consequences of bottlenecks is therefore an important challenge. However, as most studies focus on single species, the multitude of potential drivers and the consequences of bottlenecks remain elusive. Here, we combined genetic data from over 11,000 individuals of 30 pinniped species with demographic, ecological and life history data to evaluate the consequences of commercial exploitation by 18th and 19th century sealers. We show that around one third of these species exhibit strong signatures of recent population declines. Bottleneck strength is associated with breeding habitat and mating system variation, and together with global abundance explains much of the variation in genetic diversity across species. Overall, bottleneck intensity is unrelated to IUCN status, although the three most heavily bottlenecked species are endangered. Our study reveals an unforeseen interplay between human exploitation, animal biology, demographic declines and genetic diversity. Historical hunting has caused documented declines in pinnipeds, but the extent to which hunting caused genetic bottlenecks among species was unknown. Here, the authors show evidence of severe bottlenecks in several pinniped species, particularly those that breed on land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Stoffel
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - E Humble
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - A J Paijmans
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Acevedo-Whitehouse
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - B L Chilvers
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - B Dickerson
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, 98115, WA, USA
| | - F Galimberti
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Sea Lion Island, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - N J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - S D Goldsworthy
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, West Beach, SA, 5024, Australia
| | - H J Nichols
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Department of Animal Behaviour Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - O Krüger
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - S Negro
- UMR de Génétique Quantitative et Évolution - Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.,GIGA-R, Medical Genomics - BIO3, Université of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - A Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140
| | - T Pastor
- EUROPARC Federation, Carretera de l'Església, 92, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B C Robertson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - S Sanvito
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Sea Lion Island, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - J K Schultz
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - A B A Shafer
- Forensic Science & Environmental Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9J 7B8
| | - J B W Wolf
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinstried, Munich, 82152, Germany.,Science of Life Laboratory and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - J I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany. .,British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shepard P, Akagi K, Everett S, Hassan I, Osborne A, Tan M, Schroth C, Aase D, Passi H, Proescher E, Greenstein J, Walters R, Krage M, Phan K. A - 66The Polytrauma Triad: Impact of PTSD Symptom Clusters on Cognitive Complaints in Post-9/11 Veterans. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
18
|
van Doorn D, Richardson N, Storey A, Osborne A, Cunningham C, Blake C, McNamara J. Erratum: Farming characteristics and self-reported health outcomes of Irish farmers. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 68:220. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
19
|
Eng N, Chen C, Aldridge M, Osborne A, Vega J, Mitchell H, Smith A, Hurtik M, Morris A, Gupta D, Bhatt K, Laskar S, Cole R. Preemptive vs. Upfront CMV Prophylaxis Strategies and Risk of Non-CMV Herpesvirus Infections in Intermediate Risk Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
Chen C, Eng N, Aldridge M, Itchell HM, Osborne A, Morris A, Hurtik M, Gupta D, Bhatt K, Laskar S, Vega J, Smith A, Cole R. Preemptive vs. Upfront CMV Prophylaxis Strategies and the Risk of Treated CMV in Intermediate Risk Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
21
|
Elboudwarej O, Phan D, Patel JK, Liou F, Aintablian T, Osborne A, Yu Z, Reinsmoen N, Kobashigawa JA. Corticosteroid wean after heart transplantation-Is there a risk for antibody formation? Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Phan
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Frank Liou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Zhe Yu
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khatib T, Osborne A, Widdowson P, Martin K. Quantification of green fluorescent protein expression in mouse retinal ganglion cells following intravitreal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Foxton R, Osborne A, Martin KR, Ng YS, Shima DT. Distal retinal ganglion cell axon transport loss and activation of p38 MAPK stress pathway following VEGF-A antagonism. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2212. [PMID: 27148685 PMCID: PMC4917649 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that VEGF-A antagonists may be detrimental to neuronal health following ocular administration. Here we investigated firstly the effects of VEGF-A neutralization on retinal neuronal survival in the Ins2Akita diabetic and JR5558 spontaneous choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mice, and then looked at potential mechanisms contributing to cell death. We detected elevated apoptosis in the ganglion cell layer in both these models following VEGF-A antagonism, indicating that even when vascular pathologies respond to treatment, neurons are still vulnerable to reduced VEGF-A levels. We observed that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) seemed to be the cells most susceptible to VEGF-A antagonism, so we looked at anterograde transport in these cells, due to their long axons requiring optimal protein and organelle trafficking. Using cholera toxin B-subunit tracer studies, we found a distal reduction in transport in the superior colliculus following VEGF-A neutralization, which occurred prior to net RGC loss. This phenomenon of distal transport loss has been described as a feature of early pathological changes in glaucoma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. Furthermore, we observed increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and downstream Hsp27 stress pathway signaling in the retinas from these experiments, potentially providing a mechanistic explanation for our findings. These experiments further highlight the possible risks of using VEGF-A antagonists to treat ocular neovascular disease, and suggest that VEGF-A may contribute to the maintenance and function of axonal transport in neurons of the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Foxton
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - A Osborne
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K R Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Eye Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y-S Ng
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D T Shima
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elboudwarej O, Patel JK, Liou F, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chai W, Kittleson M, Czer L, Stern L, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa JA. Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after heart transplantation: clinical outcomes comparing upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Clin Transplant 2015; 29:629-35. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Liou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Wanxing Chai
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Lily Stern
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rafiei M, Kittleson M, Patel J, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Reinsmoen N, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. Anti-Thymocyte Gamma-Globulin May Prevent Antibody Production After Heart Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:3570-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Hsieh YT, Gang EJ, Shishido SN, Kim HN, Pham J, Khazal S, Osborne A, Esguerra ZA, Kwok E, Jang J, Bonig H, Biediger RJ, Vanderslice P, Kim YM. Effects of the small-molecule inhibitor of integrin α4, TBC3486, on pre-B-ALL cells. Leukemia 2014; 28:2101-4. [PMID: 24903479 PMCID: PMC4190402 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Hsieh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E J Gang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S N Shishido
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H N Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Pham
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Khazal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Osborne
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Z A Esguerra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Kwok
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Jang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R J Biediger
- Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Vanderslice
- Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y M Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Osborne A, Blake C, Meredith D, McNamara J, Phelan J, Cunningham C. Low Back Pain Among Irish Farmers. J Agromedicine 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2014.892042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Tufail A, Patel PJ, Sivaprasad S, Amoaku W, Browning AC, Cole M, Gale R, George S, Lotery AJ, Majid M, McKibbin M, Menon G, Yang Y, Andrews C, Brittain C, Osborne A. Erratum: Ranibizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia: interim analysis of the REPAIR study. Eye (Lond) 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
29
|
Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Moradzadeh A, Chang D, Czer L, Zakowski P, Kobashigawa J. The Development of Clostridium Difficile in Heart Transplant Patients on Different Immunosuppression Regimens. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
30
|
Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Ramzy D, Czer L, Reinsmoen N, Kobashigawa J. Pre-Transplant Circulating Antibodies Predict Antibody-Mediated Rejection Using the New ISHLT Grading Scale. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kobashigawa J, Tadwalkar R, Kittleson M, Patel J, Moriguchi J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Esmailian F, Reinsmoen N. Establishing a PRA Threshold To Treat Sensitized Patients Awaiting Heart Transplant in the Era of the Virtual Crossmatch. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
32
|
Phan A, Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Ramzy D, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. ATG Induction Improves Outcome for Sensitized Patients Who Have Undergone Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
33
|
Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Tittle M, Chang D, Czer L, Esmailian F, Trento A, Kobashigawa J. Longer and Shorter Hospital Stay after Heart Transplant Both Risk Factors for Suboptimal Outcome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
34
|
Rush J, Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Velleca A, Piponniau L, Chang D, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. Men Versus Women: Outcome Differences on Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
35
|
Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Jamero G, Chang D, Azarbal B, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. Even Mild Renal Insufficiency Is a Risk for Mortality after Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
36
|
Kansara P, Patel J, Kittleson M, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Esmailian F, Trento A, Kobashigawa J. Early Mortality and Morbidity in First 60 Days in Adult Heart Transplant Recipients with Prior History of Cardiac Surgery: Analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing Database. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
37
|
Thottam M, Patel J, Kittleson M, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Velleca A, Piponniau L, Chang D, Czer L, Hamilton M, Kobashigawa J. Cardiac Rehabilitation after Heart Transplantation Reduces Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
38
|
Daun T, Patel J, Kittleson M, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Velleca A, Piponniau L, Chang D, Czer L, Hamilton M, Kobashigawa J. Does Regular Exercise after Heart Transplantation Have Any Benefit? Real Life Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
39
|
Stimpson E, Patel J, Kittleson M, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Lee F, Chang D, Hage A, Ramzy D, Czer L, Hamilton M, Kobashigawa J. The Obesity Paradox. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
40
|
Velleca A, Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Ngan A, Hage A, Chang D, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. Tacrolimus- Versus Cyclosporine-Induced Diabetes Leads to More Diabetic Complications after Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
41
|
Piponniau L, Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Dhiantravan V, Chang D, Czer L, Hage A, Hamilton M, Moriguchi J, Kobashigawa J. Mycophenolate Not Azathioprine Is Associated with Increased Risk for Skin Cancer after Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
42
|
Aaronson A, Kittleson M, Patel J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. BENEFIT OF TACROLIMUS/MYCOPHENOLATE TO REDUCE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Tufail A, Patel PJ, Sivaprasad S, Amoaku W, Browning AC, Cole M, Gale R, George S, Lotery AJ, Majid M, McKibbin M, Menon G, Yang Y, Andrews C, Brittain C, Osborne A. Ranibizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia: interim analysis of the REPAIR study. Eye (Lond) 2013. [PMID: 23449508 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia (myopic CNV). Data are from a pre-planned, 6-month interim analysis. METHODS Phase II, open-label, single arm, multicentre, 12-month study, recruiting patients (aged ≥18 years) with active primary or recurrent subfoveal or juxtafoveal myopic CNV, with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score of 24-78 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in the study eye and a diagnosis of high myopia of at least -6 dioptres. Patients received 0.5 mg ranibizumab administered intravitreally to the study eye, followed by monthly injections given as needed (based on a predefined algorithm) for up to 11 months. RESULTS At 6 months, mean BCVA improved from baseline by 12.2 letters, as did central macular thickness (in this interim analysis defined as a measure of either central subfield macular thickness or centre point macular thickness) from baseline by 108 μm in the 48 study eyes of 48 patients. Fewer patients had centre-involving intraretinal oedema (13.0% vs 91.5%), intraretinal cysts (10.9% vs 57.4%), or subretinal fluid (13.0% vs 66.0%) at 6 months than at baseline. Patients received a mean of 1.9 retreatments, were satisfied with ranibizumab treatment, and well being was maintained. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS Results from the planned interim analysis support the role of ranibizumab in the treatment of myopic CNV, with excellent efficacy achieved with a low number of injections and few serious adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tadwalkar R, Kittleson M, Patel J, Moriguchi J, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Esmailian F, Reinsmoen N, Kobashigawa J. ESTABLISHING A PRA THRESHOLD TO TREAT SENSITIZED PATIENTS AWAITING HEART TRANSPLANT IN THE ERA OF THE VIRTUAL CROSSMATCH. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
Dhiantravan V, Patel J, Kittleson M, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chang D, Czer L, Kobashigawa J. MYCOPHENOLATE NOT AZATHIOPRINE WITH INCREASED RISK FOR SKIN CANCER AFTER HEART TRANSPLANT. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
46
|
Geft DR, Patel J, Kittleson M, Chang D, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Czer L, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. USE OF CYLEX IMMUNE MONITORING SCORE TO GUIDE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION REDUCES INFECTION RISK. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Tufail A, Patel PJ, Sivaprasad S, Amoaku W, Browning AC, Cole M, Gale R, George S, Lotery AJ, Majid M, McKibbin M, Menon G, Yang Y, Andrews C, Brittain C, Osborne A. Ranibizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia: interim analysis of the REPAIR study. Eye (Lond) 2013; 27:709-15. [PMID: 23449508 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia (myopic CNV). Data are from a pre-planned, 6-month interim analysis. METHODS Phase II, open-label, single arm, multicentre, 12-month study, recruiting patients (aged ≥18 years) with active primary or recurrent subfoveal or juxtafoveal myopic CNV, with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score of 24-78 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in the study eye and a diagnosis of high myopia of at least -6 dioptres. Patients received 0.5 mg ranibizumab administered intravitreally to the study eye, followed by monthly injections given as needed (based on a predefined algorithm) for up to 11 months. RESULTS At 6 months, mean BCVA improved from baseline by 12.2 letters, as did central macular thickness (in this interim analysis defined as a measure of either central subfield macular thickness or centre point macular thickness) from baseline by 108 μm in the 48 study eyes of 48 patients. Fewer patients had centre-involving intraretinal oedema (13.0% vs 91.5%), intraretinal cysts (10.9% vs 57.4%), or subretinal fluid (13.0% vs 66.0%) at 6 months than at baseline. Patients received a mean of 1.9 retreatments, were satisfied with ranibizumab treatment, and well being was maintained. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS Results from the planned interim analysis support the role of ranibizumab in the treatment of myopic CNV, with excellent efficacy achieved with a low number of injections and few serious adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Osborne A, Finnegan G, Blake C, Meredith D, McNamara J, Phelan J, Cunningham C. An evaluation of low back pain among farmers in Ireland. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 63:53-9. [PMID: 23012347 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is the most commonly reported musculoskeletal disorder among farmers. There is limited research regarding LBP among farmers in Ireland. AIMS To explore attributed causes of LBP, investigate the relationship between LBP and personal and work-related factors and measure the impact of LBP. METHODS A questionnaire survey of Irish farmers was conducted on farmers from each of the main farm enterprise systems in Ireland. Data were analysed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression models. RESULTS There were 600 farmers included in the survey with 100 from each of the six main farm systems. Lifting/pulling/pushing was identified as the most commonly attributed cause of LBP. In the multiple regression analysis the variables found to be associated with LBP included farm size and self-rated health. The odds ratios (OR) of LBP were greater among operators of medium and large farms [(OR = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.22 and OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.16-3.98, respectively] compared with smaller farms (P < 0.05). Those who perceived health as 'good' (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.14-2.33) by comparison with a rating of 'very good' had greater odds of LBP (P < 0.01). Some farmers changed work habits, sought help and needed time off work due to LBP. CONCLUSIONS Lifting was identified as the main attributed cause for LBP. LBP leads to work disability that necessitated farmers changing work habits, getting help and needing time off work. In order to reduce LBP-related disability among farmers in the future, work practices involving lifting need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Osborne
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Science Complex, Belfield Campus, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Choy W, Kim W, Osborne A, Spasic M, Cremer N, Yang I. Long-Term Clinical and Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Intracranial Meningiomas. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1312065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
Hawkins SC, Osborne A, Schofield SJ, Pournaras DJ, Chester JF. Improving the accuracy of self-assessment of practical clinical skills using video feedback--the importance of including benchmarks. Med Teach 2012; 34:279-84. [PMID: 22455696 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.658897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolated video recording has not been demonstrated to improve self-assessment accuracy. This study examines if the inclusion of a defined standard benchmark performance in association with video feedback of a student's own performance improves the accuracy of student self-assessment of clinical skills. METHODS Final year medical students were video recorded performing a standardised suturing task in a simulated environment. After the exercise, the students self-assessed their performance using global rating scales (GRSs). An identical self-assessment process was repeated following video review of their performance. Students were then shown a video-recorded 'benchmark performance', which was specifically developed for the study. This demonstrated the competency levels required to score full marks (30 points). A further self-assessment task was then completed. Students' scores were correlated against expert assessor scores. RESULTS A total of 31 final year medical students participated. Student self-assessment scores before video feedback demonstrated moderate positive correlation with expert assessor scores (r = 0.48, p < 0.01) with no change after video feedback (r = 0.49, p < 0.01). After video feedback with benchmark performance demonstration, self-assessment scores demonstrated a very strong positive correlation with expert scores (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of a video-recorded benchmark performance in combination with video feedback may significantly improve the accuracy of students' self-assessments.
Collapse
|