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Martínez-Mármol R, Muhaisen A, Cotrufo T, Roselló-Busquets C, Ros O, Hernaiz-Llorens M, Pérez-Branguli F, Andrés RM, Parcerisas A, Pascual M, Ulloa F, Soriano E. Syntaxin-1 is necessary for UNC5A-C/Netrin-1-dependent macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253954. [PMID: 37829513 PMCID: PMC10565356 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain connectivity requires correct axonal guidance to drive axons to their appropriate targets. This process is orchestrated by guidance cues that exert attraction or repulsion to developing axons. However, the intricacies of the cellular machinery responsible for the correct response of growth cones are just being unveiled. Netrin-1 is a bifunctional molecule involved in axon pathfinding and cell migration that induces repulsion during postnatal cerebellar development. This process is mediated by UNC5 homolog receptors located on external granule layer (EGL) tracts. Methods Biochemical, imaging and cell biology techniques, as well as syntaxin-1A/B (Stx1A/B) knock-out mice were used in primary cultures and brain explants. Results and discussion Here, we demonstrate that this response is characterized by enhanced membrane internalization through macropinocytosis, but not clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We show that UNC5A, UNC5B, and UNC5C receptors form a protein complex with the t-SNARE syntaxin-1. By combining botulinum neurotoxins, an shRNA knock-down strategy and Stx1 knock-out mice, we demonstrate that this SNARE protein is required for Netrin1-induced macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion, suggesting that Stx1 is crucial in regulating Netrin-1-mediated axonal guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Cotrufo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Roselló-Busquets
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Ros
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Hernaiz-Llorens
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Branguli
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rosa Maria Andrés
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Engineerings, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Lobon I, Solís-Moruno M, Juan D, Muhaisen A, Abascal F, Esteller-Cucala P, García-Pérez R, Martí MJ, Tolosa E, Ávila J, Rahbari R, Marques-Bonet T, Casals F, Soriano E. Somatic Mutations Detected in Parkinson Disease Could Affect Genes With a Role in Synaptic and Neuronal Processes. Front Aging 2022; 3:851039. [PMID: 35821807 PMCID: PMC9261316 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.851039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of somatic mutations in complex diseases, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, is becoming increasingly clear. However, to date, no study has shown their relation to Parkinson disease’s phenotype. To explore the relevance of embryonic somatic mutations in sporadic Parkinson disease, we performed whole-exome sequencing in blood and four brain regions of ten patients. We identified 59 candidate somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) through sensitive calling and a careful filtering strategy (COSMOS). We validated 27 of them with amplicon-based ultra-deep sequencing, with a 70% validation rate for the highest-confidence variants. The identified sSNVs are in genes with synaptic functions that are co-expressed with genes previously associated with Parkinson disease. Most of the sSNVs were only called in blood but were also found in the brain tissues with ultra-deep amplicon sequencing, demonstrating the strength of multi-tissue sampling designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lobon
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irene Lobon, ; Eduardo Soriano,
| | - Manuel Solís-Moruno
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Genomics Core Facility, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Juan
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Abascal
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Josep Martí
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irene Lobon, ; Eduardo Soriano,
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Roselló-Busquets C, de la Oliva N, Martínez-Mármol R, Hernaiz-Llorens M, Pascual M, Muhaisen A, Navarro X, Del Valle J, Soriano E. Cholesterol Depletion Regulates Axonal Growth and Enhances Central and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 30809129 PMCID: PMC6379282 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth during normal development and axonal regeneration rely on the action of many receptor signaling systems and complexes, most of them located in specialized raft membrane microdomains with a precise lipid composition. Cholesterol is a component of membrane rafts and the integrity of these structures depends on the concentrations present of this compound. Here we explored the effect of cholesterol depletion in both developing neurons and regenerating axons. First, we show that cholesterol depletion in vitro in developing neurons from the central and peripheral nervous systems increases the size of growth cones, the density of filopodium-like structures and the number of neurite branching points. Next, we demonstrate that cholesterol depletion enhances axonal regeneration after axotomy in vitro both in a microfluidic system using dissociated hippocampal neurons and in a slice-coculture organotypic model of axotomy and regeneration. Finally, using axotomy experiments in the sciatic nerve, we also show that cholesterol depletion favors axonal regeneration in vivo. Importantly, the enhanced regeneration observed in peripheral axons also correlated with earlier electrophysiological responses, thereby indicating functional recovery following the regeneration. Taken together, our results suggest that cholesterol depletion per se is able to promote axonal growth in developing axons and to increase axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo both in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Roselló-Busquets
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia de la Oliva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Hernaiz-Llorens
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA Academia, Barcelona, Spain
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Fuschini G, Cotrufo T, Ros O, Muhaisen A, Andrés R, Comella JX, Soriano E. Syntaxin-1/TI-VAMP SNAREs interact with Trk receptors and are required for neurotrophin-dependent outgrowth. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35922-35940. [PMID: 30542508 PMCID: PMC6267591 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SNARE proteins are essential components of the machinery that regulates vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. Their role is critical for the membrane-fusion processes that occur during neurotransmitter release. However, research in the last decade has also unraveled the relevance of these proteins in membrane expansion and cytoskeletal rearrangements during developmental processes such as neuronal migration and growth cone extension and attraction. Neurotrophins are neurotrophic factors that are required for many cellular functions throughout the brain, including neurite outgrowth and guidance, synaptic formation, and plasticity. Here we show that neurotrophin Trk receptors form a specific protein complex with the t-SNARE protein Syntaxin 1, both in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate that blockade of Syntaxin 1 abolishes neurotrophin-dependent growth of axons in neuronal cultures and decreases exocytotic events at the tip of axonal growth cones. 25-kDa soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein and Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 do not participate in the formation of this SNARE complex, while tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein interacts with Trk receptors; knockdown of this (v) SNARE impairs Trk-dependent outgrowth. Taken together, our results support the notion that an atypical SNARE complex comprising Syntaxin 1 and tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein is required for axonal neurotrophin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fuschini
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Cotrufo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Ros
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan X. Comella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Bosch C, Muhaisen A, Pujadas L, Soriano E, Martínez A. Reelin Exerts Structural, Biochemical and Transcriptional Regulation Over Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Elements in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:138. [PMID: 27303269 PMCID: PMC4884741 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin regulates neuronal positioning and synaptogenesis in the developing brain, and adult brain plasticity. Here we used transgenic mice overexpressing Reelin (Reelin-OE mice) to perform a comprehensive dissection of the effects of this protein on the structural and biochemical features of dendritic spines and axon terminals in the adult hippocampus. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed both higher density of synapses and structural complexity of both pre- and postsynaptic elements in transgenic mice than in WT mice. Dendritic spines had larger spine apparatuses, which correlated with a redistribution of Synaptopodin. Most of the changes observed in Reelin-OE mice were reversible after blockade of transgene expression, thus supporting the specificity of the observed phenotypes. Western blot and transcriptional analyses did not show major changes in the expression of pre- or postsynaptic proteins, including SNARE proteins, glutamate receptors, and scaffolding and signaling proteins. However, EM immunogold assays revealed that the NMDA receptor subunits NR2a and NR2b, and p-Cofilin showed a redistribution from synaptic to extrasynaptic pools. Taken together with previous studies, the present results suggest that Reelin regulates the structural and biochemical properties of adult hippocampal synapses by increasing their density and morphological complexity and by modifying the distribution and trafficking of major glutamatergic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Bosch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), MadridSpain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), MadridSpain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaBarcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), MadridSpain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), MadridSpain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaBarcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats AcademiaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Parcerisas A, Rubio SE, Muhaisen A, Gómez-Ramos A, Pujadas L, Puiggros M, Rossi D, Ureña J, Burgaya F, Pascual M, Torrents D, Rábano A, Avila J, Soriano E. Somatic signature of brain-specific single nucleotide variations in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:1357-82. [PMID: 25024348 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genome-wide association studies have shown that genetic factors increase the risk of suffering late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), the molecular mechanisms responsible remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of somatic, brain-specific single nucleotide variations (SNV) in the hippocampus of SAD samples. METHODS By using bioinformatic tools, we compared whole exome sequences in paired blood and hippocampal genomic DNAs from 17 SAD patients and from 2 controls and 2 vascular dementia patients. RESULTS We found a remarkable number of SNVs in SAD brains (~575 per patient) that were not detected in blood. Loci with hippocampus-specific (hs)-SNVs were common to several patients, with 38 genes being present in 6 or more patients out of the 17. While some of these SNVs were in genes previously related to SAD (e.g., CSMD1, LRP2), most hs-SNVs occurred in loci previously unrelated to SAD. The most frequent genes with hs-SNVs were associated with neurotransmission, DNA metabolism, neuronal transport, and muscular function. Interestingly, 19 recurrent hs-SNVs were common to 3 SAD patients. Repetitive loci or hs-SNVs were underrepresented in the hippocampus of control or vascular dementia donors, or in the cerebellum of SAD patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that adult blood and brain have different DNA genomic variations, and that somatic genetic mosaicism and brain-specific genome reshaping may contribute to SAD pathogenesis and cognitive differences between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Sara E Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggros
- Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Jesús Ureña
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Ferrán Burgaya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Spain Fundación CIEN, Vallecas, Madrid, Spain Vall d'Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Teixeira CM, Masachs N, Muhaisen A, Bosch C, Pérez-Martínez J, Howell B, Soriano E. Transient downregulation of Dab1 protein levels during development leads to behavioral and structural deficits: relevance for psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:556-68. [PMID: 24030361 PMCID: PMC3895234 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have been hypothesized to originate during development, with genetic and environmental factors interacting in the etiology of disease. Therefore, developmentally regulated genes have received attention as risk modulators in psychiatric diseases. Reelin is an extracellular protein essential for neuronal migration and maturation during development, and its expression levels are reduced in psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, several perinatal insults that increase the risk of behavioral deficits alter Reelin signaling. However, it is not known whether a dysfunction in Reelin signaling during perinatal stages increases the risk of psychiatric disorders. Here we used a floxed dab1 allele to study whether a transient decrease in Dab1, a key component of the Reelin pathway, is sufficient to induce behavioral deficits related to psychiatric disorders. We found that transient Dab1 downregulation during perinatal stages leads to permanent abnormalities of structural layering in the neocortex and hippocampus. In contrast, conditional inactivation of the dab1 gene in the adult brain does not result in additional layering abnormalities. Furthermore, perinatal Dab1 downregulation causes behavior impairments in adult mice, such as deficits in memory, maternal care, pre-pulse inhibition, and response to cocaine. Some of these deficits were also found to be present in adolescence. We also show that D-cycloserine rescues the cognitive deficits observed in floxed dab1 mice with layering alterations in the hippocampus and neocortex. Our results indicate a causal relation between the downregulation of Dab1 protein levels during development and the structural and behavioral deficits associated with psychiatric diseases in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia M Teixeira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain, Tel: +34 93 4037117, Fax: +34 93 4037116, E-mail: or
| | - Nuria Masachs
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Bosch
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Brian Howell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain,Fundación CIEN, Vallecas, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain, Tel: +34 93 4037117, Fax: +34 93 4037116, E-mail: or
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Cotrufo T, Andrés RM, Ros O, Pérez-Brangulí F, Muhaisen A, Fuschini G, Martínez R, Pascual M, Comella JX, Soriano E. Syntaxin 1 is required for DCC/Netrin-1-dependent chemoattraction of migrating neurons from the lower rhombic lip. Eur J Neurosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cotrufo T, Andrés RM, Ros O, Pérez-Brangulí F, Muhaisen A, Fuschini G, Martínez R, Pascual M, Comella JX, Soriano E. Syntaxin 1 is required for DCC/Netrin-1-dependent chemoattraction of migrating neurons from the lower rhombic lip. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3152-64. [PMID: 22946563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration and axonal guidance are essential steps in neural development that share many molecular mechanisms. The guidance of developing axons and migrating neurons is likely to depend on the precise control of plasmalemma turnover in selected regions of leading edges and growth cones, respectively. Previous results provided evidence of a signaling mechanism that couples chemotropic deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC)/Netrin-1 axonal guidance and exocytosis through Syntaxin1(Sytx1)/TI-VAMP SNARE proteins. Here we studied whether Netrin-1-dependent neuronal migration relies on a similar SNARE mechanism. We show that migrating neurons in the lower rhombic lip (LRL) express several SNARE proteins, and that DCC co-associates with Sytx1 and TI-VAMP in these cells. We also demonstrate that cleavage of Sytx1 by botulinum toxin C1 (BoNT/C1) abolishes Netrin-1-dependent chemoattraction of migrating neurons, and that interference of Sytx1 functions with shRNAs or Sytx1-dominant negatives disrupts Netrin-1-dependent chemoattraction of LRL neurons. These findings indicate that a Sytx1/DCC interaction is required for Netrin-1 guidance of migrating neurons, thereby highlighting a relationship between guidance signaling and SNARE proteins that regulate membrane turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cotrufo
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bahima L, Aleu J, Elias M, Martín-Satué M, Muhaisen A, Blasi J, Marsal J, Solsona C. Endogenous hemichannels play a role in the release of ATP from Xenopus oocytes. J Cell Physiol 2006; 206:95-102. [PMID: 15965959 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ATP is an electrically charged molecule that functions both in the supply of energy necessary for cellular activity and as an intercellular signaling molecule. Although controlled ATP secretion occurs via exocytosis of granules and vesicles, in some cells, and under certain conditions, other mechanisms control ATP release. Gap junctions, intercellular channels formed by connexins that link the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, control the passage of ions and molecules up to 1 kDa. The channel is formed by two moieties called hemichannels, or connexons, and it has been suggested that these may represent an alternative pathway for ATP release. We have investigated the release of ATP through hemichannels from Xenopus oocytes that are formed by Connexin 38 (Cx38), an endogenous, specific type of connexin. These hemichannels generate an inward current that is reversibly activated by calcium-free solution and inhibited by octanol and flufenamic acid. This calcium-sensitive current depends on Cx38 expression: it is decreased in oocytes injected with an antisense oligonucleotide against Cx38 mRNA (ASCx38) and is increased in oocytes overexpressing Cx38. Moreover, the activation of these endogenous connexons also allows transfer of Lucifer Yellow. We have found that the release of ATP is coincident with the opening of hemichannels: it is calcium-sensitive, is inhibited by octanol and flufenamic acid, is inhibited in ASCx38 injected oocytes, and is increased by overexpression of Cx38. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP is released through activated hemichannels in Xenopus oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bahima
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, IDIBELL-Medical School, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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11
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Abdul-Ghani AS, Abu-Hijleh AL, Qazzaz M, Muhaisen A, Ghani RA. Stimulated release of exogenous GABA and glutamate from cerebral cortical synaptosomes and brain slices by bis(acetato)tetrakis(imidazole) copper(II) complex. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005; 108:205-14. [PMID: 16327073 DOI: 10.1385/bter:108:1-3:205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In these experiments we have tested the effect of bis(acetato)tetrakis (imidazole) copper(II) on the release and uptake of 14C-GABA and 3H-glutamate from brain slices and brain cortical synaptosomes. Cu(OAc)2(Im)4 in concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 microM has increased the release of GABA and glutamate from brain slices and synaptosomal preparations in a dose-related manner when the effect on GABA release is two-fold greater than glutamate and 10-fold greater than alanine. Pretreatment with a GABA uptake inhibitor such as 1-2 mM nipecotic acid has no effect on 14C-GABA release, whereas hydroxy aspartate, the glutamate uptake inhibitor, has elevated the stimulated release of glutamate. Copper(II) chloride, the inorganic form of copper, had no significant effect either on GABA release or on glutamate release. The stimulated release of exogenous GABA and glutamate was Ca2+-dependent, because it was inhibited by EGTA, and neuronal, because it was blocked by tetrodotoxin. The recent results can explain the anticonvulsant activity of Cu(OAc)2(Im)4 against strychnine-induced seizures by increasing the net release of GABA from cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Salam Abdul-Ghani
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, P. O. Box 19356, Jerusalem, West Bank, Palestine
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Pérez-Brangulí F, Muhaisen A, Blasi J. Munc 18a binding to syntaxin 1A and 1B isoforms defines its localization at the plasma membrane and blocks SNARE assembly in a three-hybrid system assay. Mol Cell Neurosci 2002; 20:169-80. [PMID: 12093152 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2002.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin 1 and synaptobrevin/VAMP play an essential role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Two isoforms for each of these proteins, syntaxins 1A and 1B and synaptobrevin/VAMPs 1 and 2, have been found in nerve endings. Morphological and biochemical studies have revealed a characteristic colocalization and selective interactions patterns of syntaxin 1 and synaptobrevin/VAMP isoforms in nervous and endocrine systems. Moreover, studies in vitro with recombinant proteins have shown characteristic interaction patterns for each syntaxin 1-synaptobrevin/VAMP pair. The cytosolic protein Munc-18a modulates neurotransmission by inhibiting the binding of synaptobrevin/VAMP and SNAP-25 to syntaxin 1A. In the present study, several binding assays were used to demonstrate that Munc-18a significantly binds both isoforms of syntaxin 1 (syntaxins 1A and 1B). Moreover, the coexpression of Munc-18a and syntaxin 1A or syntaxin 1B in 29.3 T cells revealed syntaxin 1-dependent localization of Munc-18a in the plasma membrane. By using the three-hybrid system, we showed the inhibitory role of Munc-18a in the formation of syntaxin 1-synaptobrevin/VAMP complexes regardless of the isoforms. Since Munc-18a can bind both isoforms of syntaxin 1, the present data suggest that this protein is a general modulator of the formation of different SNARE complexes in the nerve endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Pérez-Brangulí
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Anatomia Patològica, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Encinas M, Iglesias M, Liu Y, Wang H, Muhaisen A, Ceña V, Gallego C, Comella JX. Sequential treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gives rise to fully differentiated, neurotrophic factor-dependent, human neuron-like cells. J Neurochem 2000; 75:991-1003. [PMID: 10936180 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple procedure is presented to obtain nearly pure populations of human neuron-like cells from the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Sequential exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum-free medium yields homogeneous populations of cells with neuronal morphology, avoiding the presence of other neural crest derivatives that would normally arise from those cells. Cells are withdrawn from the cell cycle, as shown by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake and retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation. Cell survival is dependent on the continuous presence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and removal of this neurotrophin causes apoptotic cell death accompanied by an attempt to reenter the cell cycle. Differentiated cells express neuronal markers, including neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase, and growth-associated protein-43 as well as neuronal polarity markers such as tau and microtubule-associated protein 2. Moreover, differentiated cultures do not contain glial cells, as could be evidenced after the negative staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. In conclusion, the protocol presented herein yields homogeneous populations of human neuronal differentiated cells that present many of the characteristics of primary cultures of neurons. This model may be useful to perform large-scale biochemical and molecular studies due to its susceptibility to genetic manipulation and the availability of an unlimited amount of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Encinas
- Grup de Neurobiologia Molecular, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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