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Mak JKL, Skovgaard AC, Nygaard M, Kananen L, Reynolds CA, Wang Y, Kuja-Halkola R, Karlsson IK, Pedersen NL, Hägg S, Soerensen M, Jylhävä J. Epigenome-wide analysis of frailty: Results from two European twin cohorts. Aging Cell 2024:e14135. [PMID: 38414347 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays an important role in the aging process, but it is unclear whether epigenetic factors also influence frailty, an age-related state of physiological decline. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in four samples drawn from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT) to explore the association between DNA methylation and frailty. Frailty was defined using the frailty index (FI), and DNA methylation levels were measured in whole blood using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450K and MethylationEPIC arrays. In the meta-analysis consisting of a total of 829 participants, we identified 589 CpG sites that were statistically significantly associated with either the continuous or categorical FI (false discovery rate <0.05). Many of these CpGs have previously been associated with age and age-related diseases. The identified sites were also largely directionally consistent in a longitudinal analysis using mixed-effects models in SATSA, where the participants were followed up to a maximum of 20 years. Moreover, we identified three differentially methylated regions within the MGRN1, MIR596, and TAPBP genes that have been linked to neuronal aging, tumor growth, and immune functions. Furthermore, our meta-analysis results replicated 34 of the 77 previously reported frailty-associated CpGs at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate robust associations between frailty and DNA methylation levels in 589 novel CpGs, previously unidentified for frailty, and strengthen the role of neuronal/brain pathways in frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K L Mak
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Asmus Cosmos Skovgaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Laura Kananen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Beck HC, Skovgaard AC, Mohammadnejad A, Palstrøm NB, Nielsen PF, Mengel-From J, Hjelmborg J, Rasmussen LM, Soerensen M. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteome Study of Twin Pairs Discordant for Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction within Three Years after Blood Sampling Suggests Novel Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2638. [PMID: 38473885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet biomarkers for AMI in the short- or medium-term are lacking. We apply the discordant twin pair design, reducing genetic and environmental confounding, by linking nationwide registry data on AMI diagnoses to a survey of 12,349 twins, thereby identifying 39 twin pairs (48-79 years) discordant for their first-ever AMI within three years after blood sampling. Mass spectrometry of blood plasma identified 715 proteins. Among 363 proteins with a call rate > 50%, imputation and stratified Cox regression analysis revealed seven significant proteins (FDR < 0.05): FGD6, MCAM, and PIK3CB reflected an increased level in AMI twins relative to their non-AMI co-twins (HR > 1), while LBP, IGHV3-15, C1RL, and APOC4 reflected a decreased level in AMI twins relative to their non-AMI co-twins (HR < 1). Additional 50 proteins were nominally significant (p < 0.05), and bioinformatics analyses of all 57 proteins revealed biology within hemostasis, coagulation cascades, the immune system, and the extracellular matrix. A protein-protein-interaction network revealed Fibronectin 1 as a central hub. Finally, technical validation confirmed MCAM, LBP, C1RL, and APOC3. We put forward novel biomarkers for incident AMI, a part of the proteome field where markers are surprisingly rare and where additional studies are highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Beck
- Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Asmus Cosmos Skovgaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Afsaneh Mohammadnejad
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Bjødstrup Palstrøm
- Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Fruekilde Nielsen
- Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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