The profile of Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS) in Rafsanjan City, southeast of Iran

Oral health status can be affected by some factors including drug abuse, systemic conditions and environmental pollutants. The present study was designed to investigate the most important and prevalent dental and oral conditions in adult population of Rafsanjan with the age of 35-70 years. Dental and oral health cohort center as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) included in the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN was established in 2015. Of 9991 subjects enrolled in the RCS, 8682 people participated in the Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS). The OHBRCS included 4021 men and 4661 women with the mean age of 49.94 ± 9.51. The most prevalent of oral lesion in total population was candidiasis and the least was aphthous lesion. The prevalence of candidiasis, white and red lesions, periodontal pocket, dental calculus, CAL and the mean of DMFT were higher in the male group than that of female group (p < 0.05). Candidiasis, herpes, oral cancer, white and red lesions were more prevalent in the older age groups (p < 0.05). The mean of DMFT index in total population was 21.30 and was higher among opium users, men and older age (p < 0.05). Also, the opium users had a higher rate of CAL, periodontal pocket, red and white lesions, and candidiasis but a lower rate of BOP (p < 0.05). Younger people had more decayed and filling teeth compared to other age groups, whereas older people had more missing teeth and a higher DMFT index (p < 0.001).

Oral candidiasis and cigarette, tobacco, alcohol, and opium consumption in Rafsanjan, a region in the southeast of Iran

BACKGROUND

We investigated the association between oral candidiasis prevalence and cigarette, tobacco, alcohol, and opium consumption in Rafsanjan, a region in the southeast of Iran.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS) as a part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). RCS included in Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) was begun in 2015 in the Rafsanjan. A full-mouth examination was done by trained dental specialists. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed based on clinical examination. Information about cigarette, tobacco, and opium smoking and alcohol consumption were collected based on data from self-reported questionaries. Univariate and multivariate dichotomous logistics regression were used to assess the association between oral candidiasis and cigarette, tobacco, alcohol, and opium consumption.

RESULTS

Among 8682 participants with mean age of 49.94 years, the prevalence of oral candidiasis was 7.94%. There was a direct association between cigarette smoking in current and former cigarette smokers with an increased odds of oral candidiasis (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 2.46-4.33 and OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.18-2.25 respectively) in fully adjusted models. There was a dose-response relationship between the odds of oral candidiasis and dose (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 2.38-4.60), duration (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.04-3.95) and number (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.02-4.50) of cigarette smoking in the 4th quartile compared to reference group.

CONCLUSIONS

A dose-response relationship was shown between cigarette smoking and increased odds of oral candidiasis.