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Prinsi B, Failla O, Scienza A, Espen L. Root Proteomic Analysis of Two Grapevine Rootstock Genotypes Showing Different Susceptibility to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031076. [PMID: 32041176 PMCID: PMC7037071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity represents a very limiting factor that affects the fertility of agricultural soils. Although grapevine is moderately susceptible to salinity, both natural causes and agricultural practices could worsen the impact of this abiotic stress. A promising possibility to reduce this problem in vineyards is the use of appropriate graft combinations. The responses of grapevine rootstocks to this abiotic stress at the root level still remain poorly investigated. In order to obtain further information on the multifaceted responses induced by salt stress at the biochemical level, in the present work we analyzed the changes that occurred under control and salt conditions in the root proteomes of two grapevine rootstock genotypes, M4 and 101.14. Moreover, we compared the results considering that M4 and 101.14 were previously described to have lower and higher susceptibility to salt stress, respectively. This study highlighted the greater capability of M4 to maintain and adapt energy metabolism (i.e., synthesis of ATP and NAD(P)H) and to sustain the activation of salt-protective mechanisms (i.e., Na sequestration into the vacuole and synthesis of osmoprotectant compounds). Comparitively, in 101.14 the energy metabolism was deeply affected and there was an evident induction of the enzymatic antioxidant system that occurred, pointing to a metabolic scenario typical of a suffering tissue. Overall, this study describes for the first time in grapevine roots some of the more crucial events that characterize positive (M4) or negative (101.14) responses evoked by salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Espen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16610
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Prinsi B, Negri AS, Failla O, Scienza A, Espen L. Root proteomic and metabolic analyses reveal specific responses to drought stress in differently tolerant grapevine rootstocks. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:126. [PMID: 29925320 PMCID: PMC6011575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roots play a central role in plant response to water stress (WS). They are involved in its perception and signalling to the leaf as well as in allowing the plant to adapt to maintaining an adequate water balance. Only a few studies have investigated the molecular/biochemical responses to WS in roots of perennial plants, such as grapevine. This study compares two grapevine rootstock genotypes (i.e. 101.14 and M4) with different tolerance to WS, evaluating the responses at proteomic and metabolite levels. RESULTS WS induced changes in the abundance of several proteins in both genotypes (17 and 22% of the detected proteins in 101.14 and M4, respectively). The proteomic analysis revealed changes in many metabolic pathways that fitted well with the metabolite data. M4 showed metabolic responses which were potentially able to counteract the WS effects, such as the drop in cell turgor, increased oxidative stress and loss of cell structure integrity/functionality. However, in 101.14 it was evident that the roots were suffering more severely from these effects. We found that many proteins classified as active in energy metabolism, hormone metabolism, protein, secondary metabolism and stress functional classes showed particular differences between the two rootstocks. CONCLUSION The proteomic/metabolite comparative analysis carried out provides new information on the possible biochemical and molecular strategies adopted by grapevine roots to counteract WS. Although further work is needed to define in detail the role(s) of the proteins and metabolites that characterize WS response, this study, involving the M4 rootstock genotype, highlights that osmotic responses, modulations of C metabolism, mitochondrial functionality and some specific responses to stress occurring in the roots play a primary role in Vitis spp. tolerance to this type of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Prinsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Simone Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Scienza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Espen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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de Lorenzis G, Imazio S, Brancadoro L, Failla O, Scienza A. Evidence for a Sympatric Origin of Ribolla gialla, Gouais Blanc and Schiava cultivars (V. vinifera L.). S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2016. [DOI: 10.21548/35-1-997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Negri AS, Prinsi B, Failla O, Scienza A, Espen L. Proteomic and metabolic traits of grape exocarp to explain different anthocyanin concentrations of the cultivars. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:603. [PMID: 26300900 PMCID: PMC4523781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and pathogen attacks requires a metabolism able to sustain biosynthetic activities such as those relating to secondary compounds (i.e., flavonoids). In order to draw the attention on these biochemical processes, a proteomic and metabolomic comparative analysis was performed among Riesling Italico, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, and Croatina cultivars, which are known to accumulate anthocyanins to a different extent. The application of multivariate statistics on the dataset pointed out that the cultivars were distinguishable from each other and the order in which they were grouped mainly reflected their relative anthocyanin contents. Sorting the spots according to their significance 100 proteins were characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Through GC-MS, performed in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode, 57 primary metabolites were analyzed and the differences in abundance of 16 of them resulted statistically significant to ANOVA test. Considering the functional distribution, the identified proteins were involved in many physiological processes such as stress, defense, carbon metabolism, energy conversion and secondary metabolism. The trends of some metabolites were related to those of the protein data. Taken together, the results permitted to highlight the relationships between the secondary compound pathways and the main metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and TCA cycle). Moreover, the trend of accumulation of many proteins involved in stress responses, reinforced the idea that they could play a role in the cultivar specific developmental plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Espen
- *Correspondence: Luca Espen, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria n.2, Milano 20133, Italy
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De Lorenzis G, Squadrito M, Brancadoro L, Scienza A. Zibibbo Nero Characterization, a Red-Wine Grape Revertant of Muscat of Alexandria. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:265-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maghradze D, Failla O, Turok J, Amanov M, Avidzba A, Chkhartishvili N, Costantini L, Cornea V, Hausman JF, Gasparian S, Gogishvili K, Gorislavets S, Maul E, Melyan G, Pollulyakh A, Risovanaya V, Savin G, Scienza A, Smurigin A, Troshin L, Tsertsvadze N, Volynkin V. CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF GRAPEVINE GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE CAUCASUS AND NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2009.827.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Negri AS, Prinsi B, Scienza A, Morgutti S, Cocucci M, Espen L. Analysis of grape berry cell wall proteome: a comparative evaluation of extraction methods. J Plant Physiol 2008; 165:1379-89. [PMID: 18171594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Different methods were tested for the extraction of proteins from the cell wall-enriched fraction (CWEf) obtained from a sample formed by skin and seeds of ripe berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. The CWEf was isolated using a disruptive approach that involves tissue homogenization and precipitation by centrifugation. To extract proteins, the CWEf was treated with CaCl(2) and LiCl in two successive steps or, alternatively, with phenol. The efficiency of the protocols was evaluated by measuring protein yield and by analyzing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) gels for the highest detectable spot number and the greatest spot resolution. The phenol method was also adopted for the extraction of proteins from the cytosolic fraction (CYf). The comparison of 2-DE reference maps of protein extracts from CWEf and CYf indicated the presence of both common traits and unique characteristics. To survey this aspect some spots detected in both fractions or present in only one fraction were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Of the 47 spots identified, some were found to be cell wall proteins, while others were proteins not traditionally considered as localized in the apoplastic space. The data presented here provide initial information regarding the apoplastic proteome of grape berry tissues, but also raise the issue of the technical problems that characterize the isolation of cell wall proteins from these very hardy tissues.
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Negri AS, Prinsi B, Rossoni M, Failla O, Scienza A, Cocucci M, Espen L. Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:378. [PMID: 18691399 PMCID: PMC2529320 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grape ripening represents the third phase of the double sigmoidal curve of berry development and is characterized by deep changes in the organoleptic characteristics. In this process, the skin plays a central role in the synthesis of many compounds of interest (e.g. anthocyanins and aroma volatiles) and represents a fundamental protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and pathogen attacks. In order to improve the knowledge on the role of this tissue during ripening, changes in the protein expression in the skin of the red cultivar Barbera at five different stages from véraison to full maturation were studied by performing a comparative 2-DE analysis. Results The proteomic analysis revealed that 80 spots were differentially expressed throughout berry ripening. Applying a two-way hierarchical clustering analysis to these variations, a clear difference between the first two samplings (up to 14 days after véraison) and the following three (from 28 to 49 days after véraison) emerged, thus suggesting that the most relevant changes in protein expression occurred in the first weeks of ripening. By means of LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 69 proteins were characterized. Many of these variations were related to proteins involved in responses to stress (38%), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (13%), C-compounds and carbohydrate metabolism (13%) and amino acid metabolism (10%). Conclusion These results give new insights to the skin proteome evolution during ripening, thus underlining some interesting traits of this tissue. In this view, we observed the ripening-related induction of many enzymes involved in primary metabolism, including those of the last five steps of the glycolytic pathway, which had been described as down-regulated in previous studies performed on whole fruit. Moreover, these data emphasize the relevance of this tissue as a physical barrier exerting an important part in berry protection. In fact, the level of many proteins involved in (a)biotic stress responses remarkably changed through the five stages taken into consideration, thus suggesting that their expression may be developmentally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo S Negri
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Fumagalli F, Rossoni M, Iriti M, di Gennaro A, Faoro F, Borroni E, Borgo M, Scienza A, Sala A, Folco G. From field to health: a simple way to increase the nutraceutical content of grape as shown by NO-dependent vascular relaxation. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:5344-9. [PMID: 16848515 DOI: 10.1021/jf0607157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic grapevine components involved in plant resistance against pathogens possess various pharmacological properties that include nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities, which may explain the protective effect of moderate red wine consumption against cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was (a) to verify the possibility that preharvest treatments of grapevine with a plant activator, benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), could lead to an enriched nutraceutical potential of wine and (b) to characterize the profile of metabolites responsible for pharmacological activity. Plant spraying at the end of veraison, with a water suspension of BTH (0.3 mM), led to increased whole anthocyanin content as confirmed by HPLC comparative analysis. Extracts from berry skins of BTH-treated grapevines caused NO-dependent vasorelaxation, with a concentration-response curve that was significantly shifted to the left of the control non-BTH-treated curve. Moreover, 1:1000 dilutions of berry extracts from BTH-treated plants significantly increased basal production of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in human vascular endothelial cells when compared to the corresponding extracts of untreated plants. These results show that BTH treatment increases anthocyanin content of grape extracts, as well as their ability to induce NO-mediated vasoprotection. No increase of anthocyanin content was observed in the wine extracts from BTH-treated vines. It is concluded that BTH treatment could be exploited to increase the nutraceutical potential of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, and Istituto di Patologia Vegetale, Università di Milano, Italy
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Grassi F, Labra M, Imazio S, Rubio RO, Failla O, Scienza A, Sala F. Phylogeographical structure and conservation genetics of wild grapevine. CONSERV GENET 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-006-9118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grassi F, Labra M, Imazio S, Spada A, Sgorbati S, Scienza A, Sala F. Evidence of a secondary grapevine domestication centre detected by SSR analysis. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 107:1315-20. [PMID: 13679993 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Accepted: 02/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the grapevine was investigated with archaeobotanical, cultural and historical data. A primary domestication centre was located in the Near East region but there is no agreement on the existence or role of secondary domestication centres. In this work, PCR-based microsatellite analysis has been applied to study the origin of some Italian cultivated grapevines from in situ direct domestication of the wild autoctonous grapevine. Three different Italian locations in Grosseto, Cosenza and Nuoro were identified for this study, and domesticated grapevine as well as wild local accessions growing in these location, were analysed by SSR markers. Cluster analysis performed on Cosenza and Grosseto samples showed a high value of genetic distance between domesticated and wild accessions. On the contrary two cultivars (Bovale Murru and Bovale Muristellu) recovered in Nuoro (in the Sardinia island) were very close to some wild varieties. This suggests that the latter two cultivars may have originated from wild grapevines and consequently that in this location a secondary grapevine domestication event occurred. Six Lambrusco varieties were also included in this analysis as ancient putative ancestors of the cultivated grapevines. The molecular analysis excluded this hypothesis and suggest Lambrusco as an independent Vitis taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grassi
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- F Geuna
- Istituto di Coltivazioni Arboree, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Sparvoli F, Martin C, Scienza A, Gavazzi G, Tonelli C. Cloning and molecular analysis of structural genes involved in flavonoid and stilbene biosynthesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Plant Mol Biol 1994; 24:743-755. [PMID: 8193299 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genes involved in flavonoid and stilbene biosynthesis were isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Clones coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) and UDP glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase (UFGT), were isolated by screening a cDNA library, obtained from mRNA from seedlings grown in light for 48 h using snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and maize heterologous probes. A cDNA clone coding for stilbene synthase (StSy) was isolated by probing the library with a specific oligonucleotide. These clones were sequenced and when the putative products were compared to the published amino acid sequence for corresponding enzymes, the percentages of similarity ranged from 65% (UFGT) to 90% (CHS and PAL). The analysis of the genomic organization and expression of these genes in response to light shows that PAL and StSy genes belong to large multigene families, while the others are present in one to four copies per haploid genome. The steady-state level of mRNAs encoded by the flavonoid biosynthetic genes as determined in young seedlings is coordinately induced by light, except for PAL and StSy, which appear to be constitutively expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sparvoli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei Microorganismi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italia
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Martinelli L, Bragagna P, Poletti V, Scienza A. Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived callus of Vitis rupestris. Plant Cell Rep 1993; 12:207-10. [PMID: 24197021 DOI: 10.1007/bf00237055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/1992] [Revised: 10/18/1992] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived calli of Vitis rupestris was obtained with an efficiency of 3.2% and 4.2% of plated explants, respectively on two combinations of 6-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1/0.1 and 1/1 mgl(-1)) added to MS medium. Embryogenic callus, embryo subcultures and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryos were obtained either in the presence of 1 mgl(-1) indole-3-acetic acid or 0.1 mgl(-1) indole-3-butyric acid added to MS or NN media. Within a 4-month culture, embryo germination occurred at a frequency of 13% of explanted embryos when chilling at 4°C was provided for two weeks and a combination of 6-benzyladenine (1 mgl(-1)) with indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mgl(-1)) was added to NN medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mgl(-1)). A higher frequency (51%) was obtained in a longer culture time (9 months) when only indole-3-butyric acid was present in the medium and in absence of chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martinelli
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie, Istituto Agrario, via Mach 1, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
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Gianazza E, De Ponti P, Scienza A, Villa P, Martinelli L. Monitoring by two-dimensional electrophoresis somatic embryogenesis in leaf and petiole explants from Vitis. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:203-9. [PMID: 1628599 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150130142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the total proteins was carried out in Vitis rupestris as model system in order to characterize the different developmental stages--from callus to plantlets--of somatic embryogenesis events in the grapevine. The patterns of callus, embryogenetic callus, somatic embryos and plantlets derived from leaf and petiole explants were compared. Each differentiation step was characterized by specific peptide spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano, Italy
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