Three-dimensional analysis of the morphological changes of the craniofacial jaw and condyle in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption

In this study we aim to describe the three-dimensional analysis of condylar deformation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and morphological changes of the craniofacial jaw in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR). We also compare those with a control group that is healthy and matched for age and gender. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and cephalometric radiograph (X-ray) were conducted and analysis of craniofacial measurement, condylar width, length, height, and condylar axial angle changes were done three-dimensionally using ProPlan CMF™ 3.0 software (Materialise). The craniofacial jaw measurements of the ICR patients were significantly different than the control group and the significant changes in the mandible can be seen in ICR patients according to the results of this study. The results of smaller condylar width and height in the ICR group reflect the smaller size of the condyle compared with an unaffected condyle. Also, both right and left sagittal condylar angles (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003), respectively, and axial condylar angles (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02), respectively, displayed significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, the vertical development of the condyle decreased along with reduced measurements in the width and height of the condyle in ICR patients, and differences in the morphology of the craniofacial jaw and condylar angles were observed between study groups.