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Rubin AD, Codino J, Costeloe A, Johns MM, Collum A, Bottalico P. The Effect of Unilateral Hearing Protection on Vocal Intensity With Varying Degrees of Background Noise. J Voice 2020; 35:886-891. [PMID: 32362577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Lombard effect (LE) is a phenomenon in which speakers adjust their vocal production by raising the volume in noisy environments. As a result, the LE can create problems of vocal strain, fatigue and potential injury. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the difference in vocal intensity output in subjects wearing unilateral hearing protection versus no hearing protection in the presence of background noise. METHODS Each subject was seated inside a sound booth wearing a head-mounted microphone. Subjects were asked to read an excerpt from "The Rainbow Passage" while various levels of background noise were played: 50, 60, 70, and 80 dBA (Multitalker Babble). Each noise level was played while the subject was with and without unilateral ear protection (Optime 98 Earmuff [3M]) in random order. The earmuff has a noise reduction rating of 25 dB. After each reading of the text, subjects were asked to rate communication disturbance, vocal clarity, and discomfort during talking using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS The LE is reduced from 0.38 dB/dB to 0.29 dB/dB with unilateral ear occlusion. However, self-perception of disturbance, clarity and comfort were not affected by unilateral occlusion, only by noise level. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral hearing protection reduces the LE and may protect against phonotrauma when speaking in an environment with loud background noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Rubin
- Lakeshore Professional Voice Center, Lakeshore Ear, Nose, and Throat Center, St. Clair Shores, Michigan.
| | - Juliana Codino
- Lakeshore Professional Voice Center, Lakeshore Ear, Nose, and Throat Center, St. Clair Shores, Michigan
| | - Anya Costeloe
- Ascension St. John Macomb-Oakland Hospital, Warren, Michigan
| | - Michael M Johns
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Austin Collum
- Lakeshore Professional Voice Center, Lakeshore Ear, Nose, and Throat Center, St. Clair Shores, Michigan
| | - Pasquale Bottalico
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois.
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Pang B, Cox P, Codino J, Collum A, Sims J, Rubin A. Straw vs Cup Use in Patients with Symptoms of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Spartan Med Res J 2020. [PMID: 33655165 PMCID: PMC7746115 DOI: 10.51894/001c.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT This study aims to determine whether straw or cup use is superior for the control of a single thin liquid bolus in patients with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia to liquids. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. Patients were studied at a Professional Voice and Swallowing Center by a laryngologist between April 2017 and April 2018. Twenty-five patients, 18 years of age or older, who presented with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia the clinic were included in the study. Each patient complained of difficulty with choking on liquids. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients that were unable to follow one to two step commands and patients with dysphagia that lack oral strength or respiratory strength to facilitate straw or cup usage were not included. Patients with dysphagia that are tracheostomy tube dependent were also not included. RESULTS The average PAS for straw versus cup drinking at 10mL was 1.08 and 1.04 respectively with a p-value of 0.33. For straw versus cup at 20mL, the PAS was 1.04 and 1.26 respectively with a p-value of 0.13. For 30mL, the PAS was 1.0 and 1.4 for straw and cup use respectively with a p-value of 0.16. And for 40mL, the PAS was 1.0 and 1.09 with a p-value of 0.27. CONCLUSIONS No statistical significant difference was demonstrated in risk of penetration or aspiration of thin liquids between cup and straw usage in patients with mild oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Ascension Macomb-Oakland Hospital
| | - Paul Cox
- Lakeshore Professional Voice Center
| | | | | | | | - Adam Rubin
- Ascension Macomb-Oakland Hospital, Lakeshore Professional Voice Center
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Pang B, Cox P, Codino J, Collum A, Sims J, Rubin A. Straw vs Cup Use in Patients with Symptoms of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Spartan Med Res J 2020; 4:11591. [PMID: 33655165 PMCID: PMC7746115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT This study aims to determine whether straw or cup use is superior for the control of a single thin liquid bolus in patients with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia to liquids. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. Patients were studied at a Professional Voice and Swallowing Center by a laryngologist between April 2017 and April 2018. Twenty-five patients, 18 years of age or older, who presented with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia the clinic were included in the study. Each patient complained of difficulty with choking on liquids. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients that were unable to follow one to two step commands and patients with dysphagia that lack oral strength or respiratory strength to facilitate straw or cup usage were not included. Patients with dysphagia that are tracheostomy tube dependent were also not included. RESULTS The average PAS for straw versus cup drinking at 10mL was 1.08 and 1.04 respectively with a p-value of 0.33. For straw versus cup at 20mL, the PAS was 1.04 and 1.26 respectively with a p-value of 0.13. For 30mL, the PAS was 1.0 and 1.4 for straw and cup use respectively with a p-value of 0.16. And for 40mL, the PAS was 1.0 and 1.09 with a p-value of 0.27. CONCLUSIONS No statistical significant difference was demonstrated in risk of penetration or aspiration of thin liquids between cup and straw usage in patients with mild oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Ascension Macomb-Oakland Hospital
| | - Paul Cox
- Lakeshore Professional Voice Center
| | | | | | | | - Adam Rubin
- Ascension Macomb-Oakland Hospital, Lakeshore Professional Voice Center
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Abdulla N, Lanigan B, O’Keefe M, Bowell R, Abdulla N, Lanigan B, Bowell R, O’Keefe M, Aduriz-Lorenzo PM, Acheson RW, Aduriz-Lorenzo PM, Logan P, Eustace P, Toland J, Beatty S, Kheterpal S, Eagling EM, O’Neill EC, Beatty S, Aggarwal RK, David DB, Jones H, Guarro M, Pearce JL, Best RM, Bailie JR, Stitt AW, Hadden DR, Traub AI, Chakravarthy U, Archer DB, Cahil M, Acheson RW, Mooney D, Peyton K, Cassidy L, Barry P, Early A, Blayney A, Stack S, Eustace P, Fenton S, Collum A, Hurley C, Collum LMT, Foley-Nolan A, Foley-Nolan A, O’Keefe M, Goggin M, Algawi K, Gregor ZJ, Hedges TR, Hurley C, Hillery M, Hoh HB, Claoue C, Easty DL, Kenna P, Collum LMT, Keenan JM, Kriss A, Harris C, Clayton PT, Russell-Eggitt IR, Kilmartin DJ, Mooney D, Acheson RW, Payne S, Maher ER, Eustace P, Kilmartin DJ, Moore J, Silvestri G, Acheson RW, Knight-Nanan DM, Algawi K, O’Keefe M, Larkin DFP, George AJT, Larkin G, Olver J, Lund V, Fells P, Lee JP, Lewis H, Minihan M, Horgan T, Cleary PE, Mulholland DA, Earley OT, Sharkey JA, Atkinson G, Mullaney PB, Noble BA, James TE, O’Brannagain D, Nelson EI, O’Regan R, O’Regan R, Power WJ, Dutt JE, Foster CS, Saidléar C, Gilligan P, Robinson E, Ennis J, Eustace P, Sharkey JA, Sinton JE, Jackson J, Frazer DG, Stitt A, Gardiner WTA, Archer DB, Weiser B, O’Brien C, Butt Z, Beatty S, Murray PI, Beatty S, Nischal K, Cahill M, O’Meara N, Mooney D, Acheson RW, Chuah K, Lyness R, Earley OT, Datta K, Fulcher T, O’Keefe M, Lacey B, Earley OT, Buchanan TAS, Lacey B, Best RM, Earley OT, Johnston PB, Archer DB, Moore J, Mahon G, Limb GA, Buchanan TAS, Kervick GN, Earley OT, Mulholland DA, Sharkey JA, Johnston PB, O’Regan R, Nelson E, Brannagain DO. Irish college of ophthalmologists. Ir J Med Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02967216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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O’Donoghue HN, Collum A, FitzSimon S, Hillery M, Benedict-Smith A, Power WJ, Collum LTM, Noonan C, Dempsey H, Buckley C, Fulcher T, Bannigan J, Hooper C, Beigi B, Eustace P, Power WJ, Mullaney J, Farrell M, Cassidy H, Foley-Nolan A, Logan P, Fenton J, Kenna P, Mooney D, Beigi H, O’Keefe M, Bowell R, O’Brien C, Schwartz B, Takarnoto T, Kennedy SM, Pitts JF, Lee WR. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland section of ophthalmology. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02983765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Herpes simplex disciform keratitis is a difficult condition. The general feeling is that it is an immune disease, mediated by the virus, possibly located in the endothelial cells. It is frequently combined with inflammation in the trabecular meshwork and with uveitis. There is some controversy in relation to treatment and it has been suggested that anti-virals will control herpetic disciform keratitis, particularly if the patient has never had steroids previously. The authors of this paper have, in the past, published data which showed that Acyclovir, with corticosteroid, was necessary in the management of disciform keratitis. The data suggested that Acyclovir on its own was not effective. It remained to be answered whether Acyclovir on its own would be effective in patients who never had steroids for any reason previously. This paper demonstrates clearly that it is necessary, irrespective of whether patients have had steroids in the past or not, to combine corticosteroids with Acyclovir in the management of herpetic disciform keratitis. Acyclovir, on its own, is shown to be ineffective. It has also been suggested that Acyclovir is non-toxic. In a general way this is true, but the authors suggest that Acyclovir ointment does produce a punctate keratitis in patients with tear film disease, and that oral Acyclovir is preferable in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Collum
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Collum LM, Fitzsimon S, Hillery M, Collum A, Power WJ, Pelikan Z, Jenson JB. Twice daily 4% Sodium Cromoglycate vs. 2% Sodium Cromoglycate used four times daily in seasonal (grass pollen) allergic conjunctivitis. Doc Ophthalmol 1992; 82:267-77. [PMID: 1303863 DOI: 10.1007/bf00160774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that 2% Sodium Cromoglycate is an effective treatment for a number of allergic eye diseases. It has been shown to be non-toxic. It can be used longterm and in serious allergic problems it is a useful adjunctive therapy to steroids. The main problem with Sodium Cromoglycate is that the recommended dosage is a four times daily application and patient non-compliance is common. One of the main objectives of any therapy is to reduce the frequency of dosage and the current study has been designed to investigate the efficacy of a 4% solution of Sodium Cromoglycate, used twice daily, versus a 2% solution used four times daily in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. A multicentre study, therefore, was carried out to assess the efficacy of both drugs and to assess any possibility of side effects. In addition, a unit dose was used, thus eliminating preservatives and it was used specifically in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in the pollen season. This study showed that 4% Sodium Cromoglycate used twice daily was at least as affective as 2% Sodium Cromoglycate used four times daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Collum
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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