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Kelly NR, Osa ML, Luther G, Guidinger C, Folger A, Williamson G, Esquivel J, Budd EL. Preliminary evaluation of a brief worksite intervention to reduce weight stigma and weight bias internalization. Eval Program Plann 2024; 104:102434. [PMID: 38615372 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Weight-based discrimination (WBD) is common and associated with reduced physical and emotional functioning. WBD is common in the workplace, yet no studies have evaluated a WBD intervention delivered in a worksite setting. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a 3-hour, remote-delivered WBD intervention at a large public university. Six workshops including 94 participants (41.76 ± 9.37 y; 92.8% women) were delivered December 2020 through May 2021; 88.3% of participants enrolled in the study and 88.8% of enrolled participants completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Participants strongly agreed the workshop contributed to a more inclusive work environment (M=4.98 ± 0.2; 1 =Strongly Disagree to 5 =Strongly Agree); and was highly needed (4.9 ± 0.3) and liked (4.8 ± 0.5). Qualitative feedback cited benefits of remote delivery in providing body size anonymity and wanting access to intervention materials and more time for discussion and action steps to reduce WBD. Participants experienced significant, medium reductions in explicit weight bias (ps < .001), significant, small reductions in weight bias internalization (p < .001), and statistically non-significant (p = .08), small-to-medium reductions in implicit bias. Targeting worksites as a delivery mechanism has the potential to reduce WBD, thereby improving the health and well-being of diverse employees and creating a more inclusive workspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA.
| | - Maggie L Osa
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Gabriella Luther
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Juliana Esquivel
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Budd
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
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Kelly NR, Doty KJ, Guidinger C, Folger A, Luther GM, Giuliani NR. Social desirability bias is related to children's energy intake in a laboratory test meal paradigm. Appetite 2024; 195:107235. [PMID: 38296111 PMCID: PMC10922645 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Dietary intake is notoriously difficult to measure in children. Laboratory test meals address some of the methodological concerns of self-report methods, but may also be susceptible to social desirability bias, referring to the tendency for individuals to adjust their behaviors in order to be perceived more positively. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether social desirability bias was associated with children's energy intake during a laboratory test meal, and whether this association varied by food type (total caloric intake, snack food intake, fruit/vegetable intake) and sex. A total of 82 children (M age = 9.45 ± 0.85; 50 % girls; 84.1 % rural; 85.4 % White) completed several surveys, including the Children's Social Desirability Scale and had their body composition measured. At lunchtime, they were granted access to a multi-array test meal (>5000 kcal). After adjusting for lean mass, fat mass, depressive symptoms, and parental food restriction, children who reported higher social desirability bias consumed fewer calories from snack foods (B = -11.58, p = .009, semi-partial correlation = -0.28). Boys with higher social desirability bias consumed less calories from fruits and vegetables (B = -6.47, p = .010, semi-partial correlation = -0.411); this association was not significant in girls. The desire to be perceived in a positive manner may influence children's eating behaviors in experimental paradigms. Replication studies with larger, more diverse pediatric samples are needed, as are strategies to reduce the effects of social desirability bias on test meal intake in order to enhance the validity of this dietary assessment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
| | - Kelly Jean Doty
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Gabriella M Luther
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nicole R Giuliani
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Folger A, Nekkanti A, Williamson G, Guidinger C, Kelly NR. Rural sixth-grade teachers' and students' perceptions of a mindfulness-based mental health curriculum. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1277614. [PMID: 38106395 PMCID: PMC10722802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have the potential to improve students' mood, behavior and cognitive functioning; yet, little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of adapting such programs for rural middle schools. Methods An exploratory qualitative evaluation was conducted to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an initial trial delivery of AttuneEd®, a trauma-informed, mindfulness-based mental health curriculum. In this single-group design study, 10 weekly lessons were taught in a middle school located in a rural town in the pacific northwest during 6th grade students' P.E. classes. Three P.E. teachers, 26 6th grade teachers, and one school counselor attended trainings before and mid-curriculum implementation, where they provided qualitative feedback. A total of 160 students completed acceptability surveys before and after curriculum delivery. Results Three themes were identified from qualitative data: cultural considerations, teacher self-efficacy, and barriers and facilitators to student acceptability. Student acceptability ratings were high. Students reported, on average, that the classes helped them better understand themselves and others. Conclusion Some identified needs for future MBIs include (1) the need for culturally sensitive, trauma-informed delivery strategies; (2) teachers' desire for more support in content delivery; and (3) students' desire to have their own teachers deliver the curriculum. Findings elucidate the nuances associated with implementing an MBI in a rural middle school and have notable implications for development, scalability, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Akhila Nekkanti
- Choice Filled Lives Network, Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Folger A, Chen C, Kabbaj MH, Frey K, Wang Y. Neurodegenerative disease-associated inclusion bodies are cleared by selective autophagy in budding yeast. Autophagy Rep 2023; 2:2236407. [PMID: 37680383 PMCID: PMC10482306 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2236407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation cause neurodegenerative disorders. One such disorder, Huntington's disease, is caused by an increased number of glutamine-encoding trinucleotide repeats CAG in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Mutant proteins of Htt exon 1 with polyglutamine expansion are prone to aggregation and form pathological inclusion bodies in neurons. Extensive studies have shown that misfolded proteins are cleared by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy to alleviate their cytotoxicity. Misfolded proteins can form small soluble aggregates or large insoluble inclusion bodies. Previous works have elucidated the role of autophagy in the clearance of misfolded protein aggregates, but autophagic clearance of inclusion bodies remains poorly characterized. Here we use mutant Htt exon 1 with 103 polyglutamine (Htt103QP) as a model substrate to study the autophagic clearance of inclusion bodies in budding yeast. We found that the core autophagy-related proteins were required for Htt103QP inclusion body autophagy. Moreover, our evidence indicates that the autophagy of Htt103QP inclusion bodies is selective. Interestingly, Cue5/Tollip, a known autophagy receptor for aggrephagy, is dispensable for this inclusion body autophagy. From the known selective autophagy receptors in budding yeast, we identified three that are essential for inclusion body autophagy. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42) is a major component of amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease brains. Interestingly, a similar selective autophagy pathway contributes to the clearance of Aβ42 inclusion bodies in budding yeast. Therefore, our results reveal a novel autophagic pathway specific for inclusion bodies associated with neurodegenerative diseases, which we have termed IBophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Folger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Marie-Helene Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300
| | - Karina Frey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University (undergraduate student)
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300
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Ehlinger PP, Folger A, Cronce JM. A qualitative analysis of transgender and gender nonconforming college students' experiences of gender-based discrimination and intersections with alcohol use. Psychol Addict Behav 2021; 36:197-208. [PMID: 34081485 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) emerging adults (EAs) are a vulnerable population at risk for negative mental health and alcohol use outcomes often attributed to unique experiences of discrimination and transphobia, including in colleges/universities through institutionalized transphobia. There are no extant psychosocial interventions that focus on the experiences of EA TGNC undergraduate students. METHOD The current study utilized a Community-Based Participatory Research framework and exploratory qualitative approach to better understand the unique experiences of this population (N = 16). Data are presented from an inductive thematic analysis of focus groups and interview transcripts that highlight TGNC experiences of gender-based stressors and substance use and provide feedback on a brief psychosocial intervention to prevent high-risk alcohol use among TGNC. RESULTS Main themes were TGNC-specific experiences (e.g., pronoun misuse, invalidating interactions with faculty and staff), coping with gender-based discrimination and stressors (e.g., use of alcohol and other drugs), and resources and programs (e.g., lack of TGNC representation in leadership roles). Notable subthemes included the impact of intersecting gender, race, and class divisions, medical and mental health-care concerns, and qualities of interventions perceived as effective versus ineffective. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to gather information related to the desires of EA TGNC undergraduate students on addressing high-risk alcohol use. Data provide considerations for developing psychosocial interventions to address negative mental health outcomes and risks associated with alcohol and other drug use among EA TGNC undergraduate students, such as creating safe interventions and utilizing a strengths-based approach to teaching coping skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin Folger
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services
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De Silva NL, Jayasundera ACA, Folger A, Kasian O, Zhang S, Yan CF, Scheu C, Bandara J. Superior solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by visible light-driven hydrogen production via highly reduced Ti2+/Ti3+ states in a blue titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic hydrogen production system was developed with TiO2 that contains Ti3+/Ti2+ reduced states which act as both visible and IR light harvesting components as well as the catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Folger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- D-40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - O. Kasian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- D-40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - S. Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- D-40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Chang-Feng Yan
- Hydrogen Production and Utilization Laboratory
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - C. Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH
- D-40237 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - J. Bandara
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies
- Kandy
- Sri Lanka
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidural catheters (EC) are often used in pediatric patients for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief. The small anatomical structures and catheter insertion under general anesthesia make it more difficult to perform EC and to prevent damage. In this study we investigated the use of ultrasound (US) in detecting neuraxial structures during insertion and placement of EC in children. ASA I-II children scheduled for elective surgery under combined general and epidural anesthesia were studied. Patients received balanced anesthesia using sevoflurane, opioids and rocuronium. Before EC insertion US examination in a lateral position was done to visualize and identify neuraxial structures. Quality of visualization and site and depth of structures were recorded. Using a sterile kit to hold the US probe in position and enable the visualization of the neuraxial structures, an epidural cannula was inserted, using the loss of resistance technique, as the EC passed under US control to the desired level. Of 25 children, 23 were evaluated. Epidural space, ligamentum flavum, and dural structures were clearly identified and the depth to skin level estimated in all patients. Loss of resistance was visualized in all patients with a lumbar epidural approach. Correlation of US measured depth and depth of loss of resistance was 0.88. In eight of 23 patients EC could be visualized during insertion and in 11 others it could be visualized with additional US planes. US is an excellent tool to identify neuraxial structures in both infants and children. The size and the incomplete ossification of the vertebra allow exact visualization and localization of the depth of the epidural space, the loss of resistance, and all relevant neuraxial structures. IMPLICATIONS Epidural catheters in children are mostly inserted under sedation or general anesthesia. This study showed that the use of ultrasound could help visualize all relevant neuraxial structures and their site and depth from the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rapp
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Mannheim and †Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Heidelberg, Faculties of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
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