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Al-Ani AH, Vaughan R, Christensen B, Bryant RV, Novak KL. Treat to transmural healing: how to incorporate intestinal ultrasound into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211174. [PMID: 35766939 PMCID: PMC10996947 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is emerging as a key tool to achieving the therapeutic target of transmural healing in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IUS is a non-invasive, radiation-free, imaging modality comparable to MRI, CT and ileocolonoscopy (IC). With the appropriate training and equipment, IUS can be an easily repeatable bedside test for IBD diagnosis and disease monitoring, including treatment response. Core to successful high quality IUS employment are appropriate training and expert techniques; however, the training pathway will not be explored in this review. Given the increasing shift towards objective assessment for tight disease control, gastroenterologist-led IUS should be incorporated into the armamentarium of imaging modalities alongside radiologists, to enhance our diagnostic and monitoring toolbox. This comprehensive review aims to outline the current literature around IUS and propose the placement of IUS in a treat-to-target algorithm in IBD. Ultimately, IUS facilitates timely management decisions to optimise patient care with potential to revolutionise patient outcomes, moving towards transmural healing as the holy grail of therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rose Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert V Bryant
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kerri L Novak
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Australia
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Christensen B, Prentice RE, Al-Ani AH, Zhang E, Bedell A, Rubin DT. Self-Reported Failure to Address Sexual Function in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Gastroenterologists: Barriers and Areas for Improvement. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1465-1468. [PMID: 35286382 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Christensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralley E Prentice
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eva Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alyse Bedell
- University of Chicago Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Fehily SR, Al-Ani AH, Abdelmalak J, Rentch C, Zhang E, Denholm JT, Johnson D, Ng SC, Sharma V, Rubin DT, Gibson PR, Christensen B. Review article: latent tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving immunosuppression-risks, screening, diagnosis and management. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:6-27. [PMID: 35596242 PMCID: PMC9325436 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One quarter of the world's population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Systemic immunosuppression is a risk factor for LTBI reactivation and the development of active tuberculosis. Such reactivation carries a risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the increasing global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the use of immune-based therapies, current guidelines on the testing and treatment of LTBI in patients with IBD are haphazard with a paucity of evidence. AIM To review the screening, diagnostic practices and medical management of LTBI in patients with IBD. METHODS Published literature was reviewed, and recommendations for testing and treatment were synthesised by experts in both infectious diseases and IBD. RESULTS Screening for LTBI should be performed proactively and includes assessment of risk factors, an interferon-gamma releasing assay or tuberculin skin test and chest X-ray. LTBI treatment in patients with IBD is scenario-dependent, related to geographical endemicity, travel and other factors. Ideally, LTBI therapy should be used prior to immune suppression but can be applied concurrently where urgent IBD medical treatment is required. Management is best directed by a multidisciplinary team involving gastroenterologists, infectious diseases specialists and pharmacists. Ongoing surveillance is recommended during therapy. Newer LTBI therapies show promise, but medication interactions need to be considered. There are major gaps in evidence, particularly with specific newer therapeutic approaches to IBD. CONCLUSIONS Proactive screening for LTBI is essential in patients with IBD undergoing immune-suppressing therapy and several therapeutic strategies are available. Reporting of real-world experience is essential to refining current management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R Fehily
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Abdelmalak
- Gastroenterology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clarissa Rentch
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin T Denholm
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Prentice RE, Al-Ani AH, Bond K, Johnson D, Christensen B. Asymptomatic screening for SARS CoV-2 prior to commencement of biologic therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease - a potentially harmful practice. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:1250-1251. [PMID: 32928674 PMCID: PMC7450924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralley E. Prentice
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Katherine Bond
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Doug Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia,Corresponding author
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralley E Prentice
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author: Britt Christensen, MB BS, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, 300 Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Al-Ani AH, Rentsch CA, Azim S, Bidgood E, Onasseril P, Christensen B. Letter: IBD nurse-pivotal role in the time of the pandemic. Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:746-747. [PMID: 32886366 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha H Al-Ani
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Clarissa A Rentsch
- Department of Pharmacy and Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sofia Azim
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Emma Bidgood
- Department of Allied Health Dietetics and Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Princy Onasseril
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
Little is known about environmental risk factors for hypodontia. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hypodontia and common environmental risk factors, such as maternal smoking and alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Eighty-nine hypodontia cases with 1 or more missing permanent lateral incisors and/or 1 or more missing premolars were enrolled in this clinic-based case-control study. Some 253 controls with no missing teeth were frequency matched to cases by age and sex. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs. Sociodemographic data were collected from both the participants and their mothers, with maternal self-reported active and passive smoking, as well as alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy, assessed by a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with logistic regression to assess the strength of association between risk factors and hypodontia. OR estimates were then adjusted for possible confounders, such as maternal age at delivery, sex and gestational age of the child, and household socioeconomic background. Significant associations were found between hypodontia and maternal cigarette use during pregnancy, as well as the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The consumption of 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy was associated with greater odds of having a child with hypodontia (adjusted OR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.48-11.80; P = 0.007). Observed associations between hypodontia, second-hand smoke, and alcohol and caffeine consumption were not statistically significant. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with hypodontia. Larger samples and prospective observational study designs, however, are needed to investigate this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Al-Ani
- 1 Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J S Antoun
- 1 Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W M Thomson
- 1 Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T R Merriman
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Farella
- 1 Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Al-Dujaili M, Thomson WM, Meldrum R, Al-Ani AH. Noise levels in dental school clinics. N Z Dent J 2014; 110:105-108. [PMID: 25265749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prolonged exposure to noise is a little-investigated occupational hazard in dentistry. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting that noise levels in four student clinics at the School of Dentistry are higher than the current occupational noise level guidelines in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom, which suggest that levels should not exceed 85 dB (A) over a duration of 8 hours. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure the noise levels in the student clinics, and (2) determine whether they exceed current guidelines for occupational noise levels. METHOD A noise level meter was used to measure the decibel recordings in dB (A), before and during clinical sessions. The types of procedures being carried out by the students were recorded. RESULTS 127 background recordings and 126 activity recordings were made, with measured noise levels ranging from 50.2 to 77.6 dB (A) for background levels, and 51.4 to 98.0 dB (A) during activity, with means of 60.8 and 70.5 dB (A) respectively. Measurements made in one clinic (the 4SW clinic) were significantly higher than those made in the other clinics (P < 0.001), and one (clinic 2N) gave the lowest readings. CONCLUSION Noise levels recorded from the clinics at the Otago School of Dentistry exceed those specified in the current New Zealand Occupational Health and Safety guidelines, but they are intermittent rather than continuous.
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