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Nirmal CR, Rajadas SE, Balasubramanian M, Mohanvel SK, Aathi MS, Munishankar S, Chilamakuru NB, Thiruvenkadam K, Pandiya Raj AK, Paraman R, Dusthackeer A. Myoinositol and methyl stearate increases rifampicin susceptibility among drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis expressing Rv1819c. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:883-895. [PMID: 36533863 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The alarming increase in multidrug resistance, which includes Bedaquiline and Delamanid, stumbles success in Tuberculosis treatment outcome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gains resistance to rifampicin, which is one of the less toxic and potent anti-TB drugs, through genetic mutations predominantly besides efflux pump mediated drug resistance. In recent decades, scientific interventions are being carried out to overcome this hurdle using novel approaches to save this drug by combining it with other drugs/molecules or by use of high dose rifampicin. This study reports five small molecules namely Ellagic acid, Methyl Stearate, Myoinositol, Rutin, and Shikimic acid that exhibit synergistic inhibitory activity with rifampicin against resistant TB isolates. In-silico examinations revealed possible blocking of Rv1819c-an ABC transporter efflux pump that was known to confer resistance in M. tuberculosis to rifampicin. The synergistic anti-TB activity was assessed using a drug combination checkerboard assay. Efflux pump inhibition activity of ellagic acid, myoinositol, and methyl stearate was observed through ethidium bromide accumulation assay in the drug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical strains and recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing Rv1819c in coherence with the significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of rifampicin. Cytotoxicity of the active efflux inhibitors was tested using in silico and ex vivo methods. Myoinositol and methyl stearate were completely non-toxic to the hematological and epithelial cells of different organs under ex vivo conditions. Based on these findings, these molecules can be considered for adjunct TB therapy; however, their impact on other drugs of anti-TB regimen needs to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naresh Babu Chilamakuru
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Ramalingam Paraman
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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2
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Muralikrishnan B, Edison LK, Dusthackeer A, Jijimole GR, Ramachandran R, Madhavan A, Kumar RA. Chrysomycin A inhibits the topoisomerase I of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:226-235. [PMID: 35136191 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel anti-tuberculosis drugs are essential to manage drug-resistant tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We recently reported the antimycobacterial activity of chrysomycin A in vitro and in infected macrophages. In this study, we report that it inhibits the growth of drug-resistant clinical strains of M. tuberculosis and acts in synergy with anti-TB drugs such as ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, and novobiocin. In pursuit of its mechanism of action, it was found that chrysomycin A is bactericidal and exerts this activity by interacting with DNA at specific sequences and by inhibiting the topoisomerase I activity of M. tuberculosis. It also exhibits weak inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Muralikrishnan
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi K Edison
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G R Jijimole
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjit Ramachandran
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Ajay Kumar
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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3
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Dusthackeer A, Kumar A, Mohanvel SK, Mahizhaveni B, Shivakumar S, Raghavi S, Azhagendran S, Vetrivel S, Rao VG, Yadav R, Paluru V, Purthy AJ, Hussain T, Kashyap V, Devi KR, Krishnan AKI, Anand P, Das P, Bansal AK, Das M, Kaur H, Raghunath D, Mondal R, Thomas BE. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain lineage in mixed tribal population across India and Andaman Nicobar Island. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:192. [PMID: 34637049 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In India, the tribal population constitutes almost 8.6% of the nation's total population. Despite their large presence, there are only a few reports available on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) strain prevalence in Indian tribal communities considering the mobile nature of this population and also the influence of the mainstream populations they coexist within many areas for their livelihood. This study attempts to provide critical information pertaining to the TB strain diversity, its public health implications, and distribution among the tribal population in eleven Indian states and Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) Island. The study employed a population-based molecular approach. Clinical isolates were received from 66 villages (10 states and Island) and these villages were selected by implying situation analysis. A total of 78 M. tb clinical isolates were received from 10 different states and A&N Island. Among these, 16 different strains were observed by spoligotyping technique. The major M. tb strains spoligotype belong to the Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, and EAI5 family of M. tb strains followed by EAI1_SOM, EAI6_BGD1, LAM3, LAM6, LAM9, T1, T2, U strains. Drug-susceptibility testing (DST) results showed almost 15.4% of clinical isolates found to be resistant to isoniazid (INH) or rifampicin (RMP) + INH. Predominant multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) isolates seem to be Beijing strain. Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, EAI3_IND, and EAI5 were the principal strains infecting mixed tribal populations across India. Despite the small sample size, this study has demonstrated higher diversity among the TB strains with significant MDR-TB findings. Prevalence of Beijing MDR-TB strains in Central, Southern, Eastern India and A&N Island indicates the transmission of the TB strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | | | - B Mahizhaveni
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | - S Shivakumar
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | - S Raghavi
- Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | - S Azhagendran
- Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | - S Vetrivel
- Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
| | - Vikas Gangadhar Rao
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
| | - Rajiv Yadav
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
| | - Vijayachari Paluru
- Clinical Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Island, 744101, India
| | - Anil Jacob Purthy
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, 721023, India
| | - Vivek Kashyap
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834009, India
| | - K Rekha Devi
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, N. E. Region, Diburgah, Assam, 786 001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Indira Krishnan
- School of Public Health, SRM Medical College Research Centre, Kancheepuram (Dt), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Praveen Anand
- Desert Medicine Research Centre (ICMR), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- ICMR - Rajendra Memorial Research of Medical Science (RMRIMS), Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800007, India
| | - Avi Kumar Bansal
- Department of Epidemiology/Public Health, ICMR-National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Dr. M. Miyazaki Marg, Tajganj, Agra, 282001, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Das
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - D Raghunath
- Tribal TB ICMR Task Force, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rajesh Mondal
- ICMR - Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India.
| | - Beena E Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600031, India
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Dusthackeer A, Saadhali SA, Thangam M, Hassan S, Balasubramanian M, Balasubramanian A, Ramachandran G, Kumar AKH, Thiruvenkadam K, Shanmugam G, Nirmal CR, Rajadas SE, Mohanvel SK, Mondal R. Wild-Type MIC Distribution for Re-evaluating the Critical Concentration of Anti-TB Drugs and Pharmacodynamics Among Tuberculosis Patients From South India. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1182. [PMID: 32695072 PMCID: PMC7338667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed specific guidelines for critical concentrations (CCs) of antibiotics used for tuberculosis (TB) treatment, which is universally followed for drug susceptibility testing (DST) of clinical specimens. However, the CC of drugs can differ significantly among the mycobacterial species based on the population, geographic location, and the prevalence of the infecting strain in a particular area. The association between CC and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anti-TB drugs is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the MICs of anti-TB drugs, including isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), moxifloxacin (MXF), ethambutol (ETH), and p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) on drug-sensitive Mtb isolates from pulmonary TB patients in South India. The MIC assays performed using solid- and liquid-growth media showed changes in the CC of a few of the tested antibiotics compared with the WHO-recommended levels. Our observation suggests that the WHO guidelines could potentially lead to overdiagnosis of drug-resistant cases, which can result in inappropriate therapeutic decisions. To evaluate the correlation between drug-resistance and CC, we performed the whole-genome sequencing for 16 mycobacterial isolates, including two wild-type and 14 resistant isolates. Our results showed that two of the isolates belonged to the W-Beijing lineage, while the rest were of the East-African-Indian type. We identified a total of 74 mutations, including five novel mutations, which are known to be associated with resistance to anti-TB drugs in these isolates. In our previous study, we determined the serum levels of INH and RMP among the same patients recruited in the current study and estimated the MICs of the corresponding infected isolates in these cases. Using these data and the CCs for INH and RMP from the present study, we performed pharmacodynamics (PD) evaluation. The results show that the PD of RMP was subtherapeutic. Together, these observations emphasize the need for optimizing the drug dosage based on the PD of large-scale studies conducted in different geographical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Shainaba A Saadhali
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sameer Hassan
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Geetha Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A K Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Thiruvenkadam
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Govindarajan Shanmugam
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sam Ebenezer Rajadas
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Rajesh Mondal
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Khusro A, Aarti C, Mahizhaveni B, Dusthackeer A, Agastian P, Esmail GA, Ghilan AKM, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV. Purification and characterization of anti-tubercular and anticancer protein from Staphylococcus hominis strain MANF2: In silico structural and functional insight of peptide. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1107-1116. [PMID: 32256172 PMCID: PMC7105933 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present context was investigated to purify and characterize anti-tubercular as well as anticancer protein from fermented food associated Staphylococcus hominis strain MANF2. Initially, the anti-tubercular potency of strain MANF2 was assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using luciferase reporter phase assay which revealed pronounced relative light unit (RLU) reduction of 92.5 ± 1.2%. The anticancer property of strain MANF2 was demonstrated against lung cancer (A549) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines using MTT assay which showed reduced viabilities. Anti-tubercular activities of the purified protein were observed to be increased significantly (P < 0.05) ranging from 34.6 ± 0.3 to 71.4 ± 0.4% of RLU reduction. Likewise, the purified protein showed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced viabilities of A549 and HT-29 cancer cells with IC50 values of 46.6 and 48.9 µg/mL, respectively. The nominal mass of the purified protein was found to be 7712.3 Da as obtained from MALDI-TOF MS/MS spectrum. The protein showed the sequence homology with 1–336 amino acids of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus sp., thus, categorizing as a new class of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like protein. The amino acid sequence of the most abundant peptide (m/z = 1922.12) in the purified protein was obtained as ‘KAIGLVIPEIDGKLDGGAQRV’ and it was identified as peptide NMANF2. In silico tools predicted significant stereo-chemical, physiochemical, and functional characteristics of peptide NMANF2. In a nutshell, protein purified from strain MANF2 can certainly be used as an ideal therapeutic agent against tuberculosis and cancer (lung and colon).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chirom Aarti
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Mahizhaveni
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Sathyamoorty Road, Chetpet, Chennai 31, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Sathyamoorty Road, Chetpet, Chennai 31, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Kareem Mohammed Ghilan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tom L, Nirmal CR, Dusthackeer A, Magizhaveni B, Kurup MRP. Formulation and evaluation of β-cyclodextrin-mediated inclusion complexes of isoniazid scaffolds: molecular docking and in vitro assessment of antitubercular properties. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion complexes of isoniazid derivatives with β-CD were synthesized and their potent antitubercular properties were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincy Tom
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 022
- India
| | - Christy Rosaline Nirmal
- Department of Bacteriology
- National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis
- Chennai 600 031
- India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology
- National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis
- Chennai 600 031
- India
| | - B. Magizhaveni
- Department of Bacteriology
- National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis
- Chennai 600 031
- India
| | - M. R. P. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical Sciences
- Central University of Kerala
- Kasaragod 671 316
- India
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Dusthackeer A, Balasubramanian M, Shanmugam G, Priya S, Nirmal CR, Sam Ebenezer R, Balasubramanian A, Mondal RK, Thiruvenkadam K, Hemanth Kumar AK, Ramachandran G, Subbian S. Differential Culturability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Culture-Negative Sputum of Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis and in a Simulated Model of Dormancy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2381. [PMID: 31749768 PMCID: PMC6842972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading killer among infectious diseases of humans worldwide. Delayed diagnosis is a crucial problem in global TB control programs. Bacteriological methods currently used to diagnose TB in endemic countries take up to 8 weeks, which poses a significant delay in starting antibiotic therapy. The presence of a heterogeneous population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, is among the reasons for delayed diagnosis by bacteriological methods. Previously, it has been shown that mycobacterial resuscitation-promoting factors (RPFs), a family of proteins secreted by actively growing bacteria into the media, are capable of activating the growth of dormant bacteria, thus enhancing the detection of bacilli in the sputum of confirmed TB cases. However, the variability in bacterial resuscitation by RPF in the sputum of suspected pulmonary TB cases that showed differential smear and/or culture positivity during diagnosis has not been fully explored. Here, we report the presence of non-replicating bacteria in the sputum of suspected TB cases that show differential growth response to RPF treatment. Using crude and recombinant RPF treatment, we show improved sensitivity and reduced time to detect bacilli in the sputum samples of smear-positive/culture-negative or smear-negative/culture-negative cases. We also report the phenotypic heterogeneity in the RPF responsiveness among Mtb strains using an in vitro dormancy model. Our findings have implications for improving the bacteriological diagnostic modalities currently used to diagnose TB in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Khusro A, Aarti C, Dusthackeer A, Agastian P. Anti-Pathogenic and Technological Traits of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Koozh, a Fermented Food Product of South India. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2018.1519446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chirom Aarti
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sasikumar K, Ghosh AR, Dusthackeer A. Antimycobacterial potentials of quercetin and rutin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:427. [PMID: 30305996 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and rutin, two flavonoids were examined for antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294). The quercetin exhibited (99.30 ± 0.268%) in (LRP) assay at 200 µg/ml and 56.21 ± 0.97% inhibition in (BMD) at 50 µg/ml, whereas rutin exhibited (90.40 ± 0.68%) in LRP assay at 200 µg/ml and 56.10 ± 0.67% inhibition in BMD at 50 µg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 6.25 µg ml-1 and 25 µg ml-1 respectively. The current investigation suggests that quercetin has better inhibitory activity than rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Sasikumar
- 1Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- 1Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- 2Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT-ICMR), Chennai, Tamilnadu 600031 India
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Khusro A, Aarti C, Dusthackeer A, Agastian P. Enhancement of anti-tubercular activity and biomass of fermented food associated Staphylococcus hominis strain MANF2 using Taguchi orthogonal array and Box-Behnken design. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:8-18. [PMID: 29665438 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The prime focus of the present investigation was to optimize statistically the anti-tubercular activity and biomass of fermented food associated Staphylococcus hominis strain MANF2 using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). The anti-tubercular activity of strain MANF2 was determined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using luciferase reporter phase assay. Among varied media examined, the isolate exhibited impressive anti-tubercular activity with paramount relative light unit reduction of >90% in de Man Rogose Sharpe (MRS) broth. Primarily, the anti-tubercular activity and biomass of strain MANF2 were estimated in MRS broth by optimizing eight diversified parameters using one factor at a time (OFAT) method after working out a series of experiments. The most significant contributing factors selected through OFAT tool were optimized using Taguchi approach with a standard OA layout of L18 (22 × 36). Results demonstrated the significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence of pH, temperature, yeast extract, magnesium sulphate, and glycerol on response variables. These controlled variables were further optimized using BBD matrix at N = 46 by second-order polynomial equation. The fermentation medium of pH 6.5 constituting yeast extract (0.5% w/v), magnesium sulphate (0.1% w/v), and glycerol (1.5% v/v), being further incubated at 30 °C showed enhanced anti-tubercular activity (98.7%) and approximately 4 fold increment in the bacterial biomass yield (8.3 mg/mL) with respect to traditional OFAT method. Three-dimensional response plots of the quadratic model showed interdependent interaction between the significant variables. In conclusion, the present study revealed the first report on the optimization of anti-tubercular activity and biomass of S. hominis via Taguchi OA as well as BBD design, and thus, paved a path for its proficient applications in pharmaceutical industries as dynamic mycobactericidal agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chirom Aarti
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Sathyamoorty Road, Chetpet, Chennai 31, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Khusro A, Aarti C, Dusthackeer A, Agastian P. Anti-tubercular and probiotic properties of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from Koozh, a traditional fermented food of South India. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ramachandran G, Agibothu Kupparam HK, Vedhachalam C, Thiruvengadam K, Rajagandhi V, Dusthackeer A, Karunaianantham R, Jayapal L, Swaminathan S. Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in Adult Patients Treated with Thrice-Weekly Regimens in India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02464-16. [PMID: 28242663 PMCID: PMC5404592 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02464-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian Revised National Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme uses thrice-weekly treatment with standard drug dosages. The role of plasma drug levels and other factors in determining TB treatment outcomes is not well understood. We aimed to determine the factors influencing the concentrations of rifampin (RMP), isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) at 2 h postdosing in adult TB patients and to study the factors impacting TB treatment outcome. We recruited 1,912 adult TB patients (newly treated and retreated patients) with pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB receiving antitubercular treatment (ATT) in the RNTCP in Chennai, India. At steady state, the concentrations of RMP, INH, and PZA were determined at 2 h postdosing after supervised drug administration. A total of 1,648 patients had a favorable outcome, while 264 (14%) had an unfavorable outcome. A total of 91%, 16%, and 17% of the patients had suboptimal concentrations of RMP (<8 μg/ml), INH (<3 μg/ml), and PZA (<20 μg/ml), respectively. Factors associated with treatment outcome were low RMP concentrations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.036), category II ATT (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.56 to 3.65; P < 0.001), low body weight (aOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98; P < 0.001), alcohol use (aOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.42 to 3.31; P < 0.001), male gender (aOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.62; P = 0.043), and baseline INH resistance (aOR, 5.74; 95% CI, 3.12 to 10.59; P < 0.001), which significantly increased the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Further studies are needed to optimize anti-TB drug dosages and improve cure rates. Drug susceptibility testing at the baseline and attention to undernutrition and alcohol dependence are other important interventions.
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Dusthackeer A, Sekar G, Chidambaram S, Kumar V, Mehta P, Swaminathan S. Drug resistance among extrapulmonary TB patients: Six years experience from a supranational reference laboratory. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:568-74. [PMID: 26658592 PMCID: PMC4743344 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.171284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: There is limited information available about the drug resistance patterns in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), especially from high burden countries. This may be due to difficulty in obtaining extrapulmonary specimens and limited facilities for drug susceptibility testing. This study was undertaken to review and report the first and second-line anti-TB drug susceptibility patterns in extrapulmonary specimens received at the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India, between 2005 and 2012. Methods: Extrapulmonary specimens received from referring hospitals were decontaminated and cultured using standard procedures. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was done by absolute concentration or resistance ratio methods for the first and the second line anti-TB drugs. Results: Between 2005 and 2012, of the 1295 extrapulmonary specimens, 189 grew M. tuberculosis, 37 (19%) cases were multidrug resistant (MDR) while one was extensively drug resistant (XDR). Specimen-wise MDR prevalence was found to be: CSF-10 per cent, urine-6 per cent, fluids and aspirates-27 per cent, pus-23 per cent, lymph nodes-19 per cent. Resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide was found to be high (31 and 38%, respectively). Interpretation & conclusions: Drug resistance including MDR-TB was observed in a significant proportion of extrapulmonary specimens referred for DST. Access to culture and DST for extrapulmonary specimens should be expanded. Guidelines for MDR-TB management should have explicit sections on extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and training on laboratory techniques is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soumya Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai; Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research & Secretary, Department of Health Research, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Subramanyam B, Sivaramakrishnan G, Dusthackeer A, Kumar V. Phage lysin to control the overgrowth of normal flora in processed sputum samples for the rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by luciferase reporter phage assay. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:44. [PMID: 23356428 PMCID: PMC3570305 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phage lysin, extracted from three bacteriophages was used in place of antibiotics to control the overgrowth of normal flora in processed sputum samples leading to the sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using diagnostic luciferase reporter phage assay (DLRPA). Methods A total of 129 sputum samples were processed by modified Petroff’s method. Two Lowenstein Jensen slopes were inoculated from the processed sputum deposit thus obtained. The remaining deposits were transferred to 7 ml of Middlebrook 7H9 complete medium supplemented with phage lysin and incubated at 37°C. DLRPA was done using phAE129 at days 7, 9, 14 and 21. At the end of day 21, the samples were centrifuged and the pellets were inoculated on to 2 more LJ slopes to validate DLRPA results. Results The sensitivity and specificity of DLRPA in detecting M. tuberculosis from sputum specimens was 90% and 81% respectively compared to conventional LJ culture. The agreement between the methods was 87%. The rate of contamination for DLRPA using phage lysin was 9.3%. Conclusion Phage lysin can be used to decontaminate sputum samples for the detection of M. tuberculosis by DLRPA directly from processed sputum specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Subramanyam
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chennai, India
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Subramanyam B, Sivaramakrishnan GN, Dusthackeer A, Nagamiah S, Kumar V. Phage lysin as a substitute for antibiotics to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum samples with the BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 18:497-501. [PMID: 21883661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phage lysin was evaluated as a substitute for antibiotics in sputum samples processed by a modified Petroff's method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the MGIT 960 system. One hundred and fifty sputum samples were processed, inoculated onto two slopes of Lowenstein-Jensen medium, and divided in to two aliquots of 0.5 mL each. One aliquot was added to 7 mL of MGIT medium containing polymyxin B, amphotericin B, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim and azlocillin (PANTA) (MGIT-PANTA) and the other was added to 7 mL of MGIT medium containing 0.8 mL of lysin (MGIT-Lysin). The samples were randomized and incubated at 37°C in the MGIT 960 system. The sensitivity and specificity of MGIT-Lysin were 97% and 88%, respectively, as compared with MGIT-PANTA. The average times to detection with MGIT-Lysin and MGIT-PANTA were 9.3 and 8.6 days, respectively. The rate of contamination with MGIT-PANTA and MGIT-Lysin were 16% and 7.3%, respectively. Phage lysin can be substituted for antibiotics in processed sputum samples for the detection of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Subramanyam
- Department of Bacteriology, Tuberculosis Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mayor V. R. Ramanathan Road,Chetput, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subramanyam B, Dusthackeer A, Rehman F, Sekar G, Sivaramakrishnan GN, Kumar V. An alternative sputum processing method using chitin for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dusthackeer A, Kumar V, Subbian S, Sivaramakrishnan G, Zhu G, Subramanyam B, Hassan S, Nagamaiah S, Chan J, Paranji Rama N. Construction and evaluation of luciferase reporter phages for the detection of active and non-replicating tubercle bacilli. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 73:18-25. [PMID: 18272245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The luciferase reporter phages (LRP) show great promise for diagnostic mycobacteriology. Though conventional constructs developed from lytic phages such as D29 and TM4 are highly specific, they lack sensitivity. We have isolated and characterized Che12, the first true temperate phage infecting M. tuberculosis. Since the tuberculosis (TB) cases among HIV infected population result from the reactivation of latent bacilli, it would be useful to develop LRP that can detect dormant bacteria. During dormancy, pathogenic mycobacteria switch their metabolism involving divergent genes than during normal, active growth phase. Since the promoters of these genes can potentially function during dormancy, they were exploited for the construction of novel mycobacterial luciferase reporter phages. The promoters of hsp60, isocitrate lyase (icl), and alpha crystallin (acr) genes from M. tuberculosis were used for expressing firefly luciferase gene (FFlux) in both Che12 and TM4 phages and their efficiency was evaluated in detecting dormant bacteria from clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. These LRP constructs exhibited detectable luciferase activity in dormant as well as in actively growing M. tuberculosis. The TM4 ts mutant based constructs showed about one log increase in light output in three of the five tested clinical isolates and in M. tuberculosis H37Rv compared to conventional lytic reporter phage, phAE129. By refining the LRP assay format further, an ideal rapid assay can be designed not only to diagnose active and dormant TB but also to differentiate the species and to find their drug susceptibility pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azger Dusthackeer
- Department of Bacteriology, Tuberculosis Research Centre (TRC), Chennai-31, India
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