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Falcón E, Valdés-Moreno M, Rodríguez C, Sanabrais-Jiménez M, Hernández-Muñoz S, Camarena B, de Gortari P. Interaction between three stress-related gene polymorphisms and food addiction increases the risk to develop obesity in a sample of Mexican people attending a nutrition clinic. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105099. [PMID: 33387926 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure impacts negatively in individuals leading to food addiction, overweight or obesity. Stress-genes and their translation products are responsible for the responses of humans to adverse environments. Alterations in stress-genes expression or protein function may induce behaviors as compulsive eating of high-energy containing food, which decreases stress-induced negative feelings. However, chronic stress is not assessed in Mexican population. We analyzed here the association between polymorphisms of CRH, CRHR2 and glucocorticoids (GR, NR3C1) receptor genes with food addiction and obesity and overweight in Mexican patients of a Nutrition Clinic. We recruited 508 individuals of both genders, who accepted to participate in the study at their first visit to the clinic, obtaining their fat mass percentage and a blood sample for the genetic analysis. Participants answered the Yale's food addiction scale and were subjected to a Trier social test, as an acute stressful stimulus. Pre and post-test saliva samples were obtained to evaluate cortisol levels and adrenal axis' response to the acute stress. The 63% of participants classified as stressed (S); 6.5% of normal-weight individuals showed food-addiction, whereas 63% of participants with food-addiction were also stressed. The fat mass percentage was greater in stress-addiction than in stressed non-addiction participants. The best interaction model for obesity development risk comprehended the presence of polymorphisms of the three genes that in combination with food addiction increased the risk for developing obesity 2.8-4-fold. Thus, frequent stress exposure favors food-addiction, which along with genetic susceptibility seems to add up to Mexican obesity/overweight rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Falcón
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - M Valdés-Moreno
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - C Rodríguez
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - M Sanabrais-Jiménez
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Muñoz
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - B Camarena
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - P de Gortari
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico.
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Yoldi-Negrete M, Morera D, Palacios-Cruz L, Camarena B, Ortega H, Castañeda-Franco M, Becerra-Palars C, Martino D, Strejilevich S, Fresan A. Subsyndromal anxiety: Does it affect the quality of life? A study on euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. The European Journal of Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Sotelo-Ramirez CE, Ordoñez-Martinez B, Jiménez-Pavón J, Ahumada-Curiel G, Piana-Diaz S, Flores-Flores G, Flores-Ramos M, Jiménez-Anguiano A, Camarena B. Effect of CRHR1 and CRHR2 gene polymorphisms and childhood trauma in suicide attempt. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:637-644. [PMID: 30874897 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Family, twin, and adoption studies have suggested that genetic factors might be involved in suicidal behavior. Corticotropin-releasing receptor type 1 (CRHR1) and 2 (CRHR2) genes play a key role in the activation and modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is considered a major stress regulator. Childhood trauma is an environmental risk factor associated with suicide attempt (SA) and it has been related to HPA axis dysregulation. This study aimed at analyzing the relationship of CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes with childhood trauma concerning the development of SA. In this study, we included 366 affective disorder patients. Among them, 183 patients had SA at least once and 183 had not SA. Information regarding SA and childhood trauma was obtained from medical records. Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction program was used to detect gene-environment interactions between CRHR1 (rs110402, rs242924, and rs16940665) and CRHR2 (rs2190242, rs2284217, and rs2014663) with childhood trauma in SA. The analysis showed an interaction of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with childhood trauma, thus conferring increased risk of having presented at least one SA (OR 7.44; 95% CI 4.58-12.07; p < 0.0001). In addition, we observed the following in the trauma subtypes analysis: physical negligence (OR 4.72; 95% CI 3.01-7.40; p < 0.0001), emotional abuse (OR 5.76; 95% CI 3.67-9.05; p < 0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR 5.70; 95% CI 3.62-8.97; p < 0.0001). Our results suggested that genetic variants of CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes in addition to physical negligence, and emotional and sexual abuse, contribute to increase risk of presented at least one SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sanabrais-Jiménez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C E Sotelo-Ramirez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Ordoñez-Martinez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Jiménez-Pavón
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Ahumada-Curiel
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Piana-Diaz
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Flores-Flores
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Flores-Ramos
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Anguiano
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz Mexico-Xochimilco, 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Valenzuela A, Gutiérrez L, Camarena B, Silveira I, García J, Meza M, Aldana L, Bermúdez C, Grajeda P, Robles R, Leal S, Ochoa B, Mariscal D. Levels of organochlorine pesticides in soils of the major agricultural zones in Sonora, Mexico and the implementation of a communication strategy for the risk exposure prevention. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lanzagorta N, Alexanderson-Rosas E, Ricalde A, Gómez Caudillo L, Sosa A, Camarena B, Aguilar A, Fresán A, Apiquián R, Nicolini H. [Effect to the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) on personality dimensions in individuals without psychopathology]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2006; 34:303-8. [PMID: 16991018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the serotonin transporter gene and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality dimensions in subjects without psychopathology. METHOD Fifty seven individuals without psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the SCL-90, and the TCI. In all subjects a peripheral blood sample was taken to determine their genotypes, after informed consent. Three groups were formed according to the 5-HTT genotype: SS, SL and LL, and the TCI results were compared. RESULTS There was no association among the 5-HTT genotypes and any of the TCI subscales. There were also no statistical differences among any of the three groups divided by genotype only according to the TCI scores, as well as when compared with historical controls. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with other studies that have not found associations among the different measurements of personality and 5-HTT genotypes. Likewise, our data suggest that our sample can be useful as a source of controls for later studies. This is the first study assessing TCI dimensions and the 5-HTT gene in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lanzagorta
- Unidad PET-Ciclotrón. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México, D.F
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Graff-Guerrero A, De la Fuente-Sandoval C, Camarena B, Gómez-Martin D, Apiquián R, Fresán A, Aguilar A, Méndez-Núñez JC, Escalona-Huerta C, Drucker-Colín R, Nicolini H. Frontal and limbic metabolic differences in subjects selected according to genetic variation of the SLC6A4 gene polymorphism. Neuroimage 2005; 25:1197-204. [PMID: 15850737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic variants in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders and personality traits. In particular, two common alleles in a variable repeat sequence of the promoter region (SLC6A4) have been differentially associated with a display of abnormal levels of anxiety and affective illness in individuals carrying the "s" allele. The aim of this study was to compare the basal cerebral metabolic activity of non-psychiatric subjects in fronto-limbic structures to determine whether differences exist in basal metabolic activity within this functional polymorphism. PET scans with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose as radiotracer were performed in 71 non-psychiatric subjects previously screened for psychopathology and subsequently genotyped for SLC6A4; PET images were compared with SPM2 according to s/s (n = 27), s/l (n = 25), and l/l (n = 19) groups considering a significance threshold in a priori selected areas of P < 0.001 and an extent threshold > or =5 voxels. The analysis showed an effect of interest among the three genotype groups in right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), left middle frontal gyrus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC). Comparison between l/l vs. s/s showed increased metabolism for l/l in left middle frontal gyrus and an increase for s/s in right ACC and left PCC. Comparison between s/s vs. s/l showed an increase for s/s in left PCC and right ACC. Increased basal metabolism in fronto-limbic structures for the s/s group may be conceived as an "overactive metabolic state" of these structures, possibly related to an increased susceptibility for developing an anxiety-depression spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graff-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Urraca N, Camarena B, Gómez-Caudillo L, Esmer MC, Nicolini H. Mu opioid receptor gene as a candidate for the study of obsessive compulsive disorder with and without tics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 127B:94-6. [PMID: 15108189 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex psychiatric disease characterized by recurring obsessions or compulsions that cause significant distress to the patient. The etiology of this disorder remains largely unknown, although a genetic component has been suggested. Many candidates genes have been evaluated based on a possible serotoninergic and dopaminergic brain dysfunction. We postulate the micro opioid receptor (MOR) gene as a candidate because some observations support a role of the opioid system in OCD. The opioid antagonist, naloxone, rapidly exacerbates OCD symptoms and the opioid agonist, tramadol, was reported to be effective in the treatment of some patients. We studied two single nucleotide polymorphisms (C17T and A118G) in 51 trios with OCD. Genotyping was analyzed with transmission desequilibrium test (TDT). The allelic variant +17T of the C17T polymorphism had a low frequency (1%) in our population that did not allow for statistic analysis. However, for the allelic variant +G of the A118G polymorphism we were able to performed statistical comparisons. Our results showed a trend toward significance (chi(2) McNemar = 3.6, P = 0.065) for TDT in patients with comorbid tics. It is an interesting finding that should be tested in a larger sample of OCD patients with tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Urraca
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Psychiatric Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico.
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Camarena B, Ruvinskis E, Santiago H, Montiel F, Cruz C, González-Barranco J, Nicolini H. Serotonin transporter gene and obese females with impulsivity. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 7:829-30. [PMID: 12232774 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Camarena B, Rinetti G, Cruz C, Gómez A, de La Fuente JR, Nicolini H. Additional evidence that genetic variation of MAO-A gene supports a gender subtype in obsessive-compulsive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 105:279-82. [PMID: 11353450 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies have recently reported a sexually dimorphic association between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a polymorphism related with variations in MAO-A activity. These observations suggest the possibility of gender differences in genetic susceptibility for OCD. We thus reexamined the MAO-A/EcoRV polymorphism in a sample of 122 OCD patients and 124 healthy subjects. An excess of allele 1 in OCD females with major depression disorder was confirmed as previously reported. This difference was more strongly associated with OCD females than males in the total sample. Finally, we analyzed a sample of 51 OCD trios. Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) analysis of the inheritance of the MAO-A variants revealed in the female probands that 14 out of 19 transmitted the allele 1, providing significant evidence for an allelic association between OCD and MAO-A gene. In conclusion, our findings may provide molecular evidence to identify a clinically meaningful gender subtype. However, an effort should be made to replicate the analysis in larger samples of informative parents using strategies such as transmission disequilibrium test to allow definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Camarena
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, México D.F., México.
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Nicolini H, Urraca N, Camarena B, Gomez A, Martinez H, Rinetti G, Campillo C, Castelli P, Apiquian R, Fresan A, Garcia-Anaya M, Cruz C. Lack of association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in obsessive-compulsive disorder. CNS Spectr 2001; 6:978-9, 992. [PMID: 15311189 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, from several lines of evidence. One of the most widely studied genes in these disorders is the apolipoprotein E gene, particularly allele 4. We analyzed for association among patients with OCD versus normal controls and cognitively impaired patients. There were no significant differences between OCD probands compared with population controls. However, the cognitively impaired group showed a higher frequency of allele apolipoprotein E gene compared with normal controls and patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicolini
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, National Mexican Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Camarena B, Rinetti G, Cruz C, Hernández S, de la Fuente JR, Nicolini H. Association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 4:269-72. [PMID: 11602033 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145701002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis implicating the serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is supported by the therapeutic efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Since SSRIs act on the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), it has been suggested that the 5-HTT gene (SCL6A4) could be a good candidate for OCD. The SCL6A4 gene has a 44-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in its promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Previous studies have revealed an association between OCD and the l allele. We analysed the 5-HTTLPR polymorphic system in 115 Mexican OCD patients and 136 controls. No significant association was found between l allele and OCD (chi2 = 1.54, d.f. = 1, p = 0.21). Furthermore, we assessed alternative methods that employ family-based designs in a sample of 43 trios. Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk and transmission disequilibrium analysis did not show a preferential transmission of l allele to OCD probands. Our results indicate the need to analyse larger samples using family-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Camarena
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiátría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico D.F., 14370, México
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) has shown some interesting properties at genetic and possibly functional levels. It has been suggested that some molecular variants of the DRD4 gene (e.g., four and seven alleles) could be implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. Additionally, the VNTR polymorphism could be implicated in part of the response to treatment with neuroleptics. This study tested the possible association between the 48-bp tandem repeats in exon 3 of the DRD4 gene and patients experiencing their first psychotic episode. METHODS Patients with a first psychotic episode (FPE, n = 37) were diagnosed and compared with a matched control group (n = 37). The FPE group was subdivided into two categories: those with nonaffective and those with affective psychoses. The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region of the DRD4 gene was amplified by PCR procedures. Chi-square statistics and appropriate corrections and adjustments were used for data analysis. CONCLUSIONS A significantly lower frequency of the four repeat (4-R) carriers in the FPE group was observed. This association was sustained mainly by the affective psychotic group (chi2 = 9.99 df = 2, p = 0.0073). Although these results require testing with stringent methods, it is suggested that the DRD4-4R allele may confer some protection against psychosis, mainly of the affective subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rinetti
- Unidad de Genética Molecular Psiquiátrica, Programación Universitaria de Investigación en Salud (PUIS-IMP), División de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría (IMP), Mexico City, Mexico
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Camarena B, Cruz C, de la Fuente JR, Nicolini H. A higher frequency of a low activity-related allele of the MAO-A gene in females with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Genet 1998; 8:255-7. [PMID: 9861646 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-199808040-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Camarena
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, Mexico.
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Nicolini H, Cruz C, Páez F, Camarena B. [Dopamine D2 and D4 receptor genes distinguish the clinical presence of tics in obsessive-compulsive disorder]. GAC MED MEX 1998; 134:521-7. [PMID: 9842133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An allelic association study between dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms D2 (DRD2) and D4 (DRD4), in obsessive-compulsive patients (OCD) with or without chronic motor or vocal tics (OCD+ or OCD-) was performed. Molecular genotypes were obtained using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) in 66 patients diagnosed according DSMIV criteria, 12/66 OCD patients presented tics, 54 Control subjects were also typed. OCD patients with tics compared to control had a higher frequency of TaqI A2 allele (p = 0.014); and an excess of homozygous individuals A2A2 (p = 0.001). In DRD4 genes polymorphisms, allele 7 showed a higher prevalence and frequency in those OCD+ tics compared to OCD- tics (91% vs. 48%). Most of the OCD patients with tics compared to those without tics showed an increased frequency of the DRD2-A2 (58% vs 27% respectively, p = 0.048) as well as an increased frequency of the DRD4-7-fold variant (48% in OCD with tics vs 9% in OCD without tics, p = 0.018). Similarly, when both alleles were combined (at least one copy of DRD2-A2 and DRD4-R7), patients with tics showed a higher frequency of this haplotype (83.3% vs. 40%, p = 0.016). OCD patients with tics may represent a different clinical and genetic subtype of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, México D.F., México.
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Cruz C, Camarena B, King N, Páez F, Sidenberg D, de la Fuente JR, Nicolini H. Increased prevalence of the seven-repeat variant of the dopamine D4 receptor gene in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with tics. Neurosci Lett 1997; 231:1-4. [PMID: 9280153 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism characterized by a varying number of 48 bp repeats (VNTR) in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene was examined in 61 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) probands with and without tics. Most of the OCD patients with tics showed at least one copy of the 7-fold variant compared to those affected subjects without tics (91 vs. 48%, respectively, Yates corrected chi2 = 5.54, P = 0.018). Similarly, a higher number of copies of this common variant were detected in the group of probands displaying tics compared to those OCD's without tics (Yates corrected chi2 = 4.66, P = 0.03). Our study suggests that the seven-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene could be a factor in the phenotypic variance of tics among OCD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cruz
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico D.F.
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Nicolini H, Cruz C, Camarena B, Orozco B, Kennedy JL, King N, Weissbecker K, de la Fuente JR, Sidenberg D. DRD2, DRD3 and 5HT2A receptor genes polymorphisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 1996; 1:461-5. [PMID: 9154247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed an association analysis of the DRD2, DRD3 and 5HT2A genes polymorphisms in 67 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients and 54 healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies for any of the polymorphisms studied between OCD subjects and controls. For the subgrouped analysis, no results were significant after correction for multiple testing, although homozygosity of DRD2/A2A2 in subjects displaying vocal or motor tics approached significance compared to controls (Fisher exact test, P = 0.008). Our results may follow the notion that OCD patients with tics represent a different genetic subtype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicolini
- División de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatria, México, México DF
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Nicolini H, Sidenberg D, Camarena B, Guerra C, Monteiro Grazina M, Petronis A, Kennedy J. [Dopaminergic system genes in Mexican schizophrenics]. Rev Invest Clin 1993; 45:345-52. [PMID: 7901882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This investigation reports an association study with alleles of the dopaminergic system genes (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), D2 and D4 receptors) in schizophrenic patients and non-schizophrenic subjects. The genotypes were typed using a polymerase chain reactions PCR-based CA repeat polymorphisms. There were no significant associations between the studied alleles and schizophrenia. Also, a linkage analysis was performed using the same genes (TH, D2 and D4) in two multiple affected schizophrenic families. There was no linkage among any of three genes and schizophrenia. The maximum lod score (Z = 0.43, theta = 0.10 penetrance 100%) was for the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Linkage analysis significantly excluded the D2 receptor gene (Z = 5.6, theta = 0.01), assuming an autosomal dominant pattern and complete penetrance, However, when the lod scores were calculated with other penetrance values, they lost significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicolini
- Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, México, D.F
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Nicolini H, Camarena B, de la Fuente JR. [Molecular chromosome mapping in psychiatric diseases]. Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat 1993; 39:45-9. [PMID: 8237432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the procedure to obtain some DNA probes likely to be good candidate genes for mapping major psychiatric disorders. The advantages in using this mapping strategy are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicolini
- Unidad de Genética Molecular Psiquiátrica, Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría, México DF
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Camarena B. Getting tough on professional patients. Patient Acc 1984; 7:3. [PMID: 10267043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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