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Rapoport MJ, Weegar K, Kadulina Y, Bédard M, Carr D, Charlton JL, Dow J, Gillespie IA, Hawley CA, Koppel S, McCullagh S, Molnar F, Murie-Fernández M, Naglie G, O'Neill D, Shortt S, Simpson C, Tuokko HA, Vrkljan BH, Marshall S. An international study of the quality of national-level guidelines on driving with medical illness. QJM 2015; 108:859-69. [PMID: 25660605 PMCID: PMC4620729 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical illnesses are associated with a modest increase in crash risk, although many individuals with acute or chronic conditions may remain safe to drive, or pose only temporary risks. Despite the extensive use of national guidelines about driving with medical illness, the quality of these guidelines has not been formally appraised. AIM To systematically evaluate the quality of selected national guidelines about driving with medical illness. DESIGN A literature search of bibliographic databases and Internet resources was conducted to identify the guidelines, each of which was formally appraised. METHODS Eighteen physicians or researchers from Canada, Australia, Ireland, USA and UK appraised nine national guidelines, applying the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. RESULTS Relative strengths were found in AGREE II scores for the domains of scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement and clarity of presentation. However, all guidelines were given low ratings on rigour of development, applicability and documentation of editorial independence. Overall quality ratings ranged from 2.25 to 5.00 out of 7.00, with modifications recommended for 7 of the guidelines. Intra-class coefficients demonstrated fair to excellent appraiser agreement (0.57-0.79). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first systematic evaluation of national-level guidelines for determining medical fitness to drive. There is substantive variability in the quality of these guidelines, and rigour of development was a relative weakness. There is a need for rigorous, empirically derived guidance for physicians and licensing authorities when assessing driving in the medically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rapoport
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - K Weegar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada
| | - Y Kadulina
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - M Bédard
- Centre for Research on Driving, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada, St. Joseph's Care Group, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5G7, Canada
| | - D Carr
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - J L Charlton
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - J Dow
- Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 8J6, Canada
| | - I A Gillespie
- British Columbia Medical Association, Vancouver, BC V6J 5A4, Canada
| | - C A Hawley
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - S McCullagh
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - F Molnar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - G Naglie
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - D O'Neill
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland,
| | - S Shortt
- Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, ON K1G 5W8, Canada
| | - C Simpson
- Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada and
| | - H A Tuokko
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - B H Vrkljan
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - S Marshall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The onset of a personal crisis combined with the resultant disruption in occupational routines may challenge a person's identity as a capable and healthy individual. However, it remains unclear how individuals regain a sense of health and well-being in the period following a personal crisis. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To explore occupational engagement and its meaning to individuals following a life-threatening diagnosis. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three women diagnosed with breast cancer. The data were analyzed using a constant-comparative approach to identify common themes. RESULTS The primary theme that emerged was "Doing = Living." This theme and the underlying themes illustrated the connection between meaningful occupational engagement and one's self-perception as capable and healthy. These findings suggest that occupational engagement may provide the medium through which 'deconstructive' or 'reconstructive' messages concerning the self are relayed between persons and their environment. IMPLICATIONS In a period of personal crisis, such as a life-threatening diagnosis, individuals may turn to those occupations that are meaningful to regain a sense of control and normalcy in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Vrkljan
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario.
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