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Somhorst FHB, van der Meer R, Correa Anguita M, Schadow R, Snijders HJ, de Goede M, Kassenberg B, Venderbosch P, Taballione C, Epping JP, van den Vlekkert HH, Timmerhuis J, Bulmer JFF, Lugani J, Walmsley IA, Pinkse PWH, Eisert J, Walk N, Renema JJ. Quantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3895. [PMID: 37393275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the core questions of quantum physics is how to reconcile the unitary evolution of quantum states, which is information-preserving and time-reversible, with evolution following the second law of thermodynamics, which, in general, is neither. The resolution to this paradox is to recognize that global unitary evolution of a multi-partite quantum state causes the state of local subsystems to evolve towards maximum-entropy states. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate this effect in linear quantum optics by simultaneously showing the convergence of local quantum states to a generalized Gibbs ensemble constituting a maximum-entropy state under precisely controlled conditions, while introducing an efficient certification method to demonstrate that the state retains global purity. Our quantum states are manipulated by a programmable integrated quantum photonic processor, which simulates arbitrary non-interacting Hamiltonians, demonstrating the universality of this phenomenon. Our results show the potential of photonic devices for quantum simulations involving non-Gaussian states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H B Somhorst
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R van der Meer
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Correa Anguita
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R Schadow
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Snijders
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M de Goede
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - B Kassenberg
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Venderbosch
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - C Taballione
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J P Epping
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Timmerhuis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Lugani
- Center for Sensors, Instrumentation and Cyber Physical System Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - I A Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd., London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - P W H Pinkse
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Walk
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J J Renema
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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