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Ahmed S, Bonnett L, Melhuish A, Adil MT, Aggarwal I, Ali W, Bennett J, Boldock E, Burns FA, Czarniak E, Dennis R, Flower B, Fok R, Goodman AL, Halai S, Hanna T, Hashem M, Hodgson SH, Hughes G, Hurndall KH, Hyland R, Iqbal MR, Jarchow-MacDonald A, Kailavasan M, Klimovskij M, Laliotis A, Lambourne J, Lawday S, Lee F, Lindsey B, Lund JN, Mabayoje DA, Malik KI, Muir A, Narula HS, Ofor U, Parsons H, Pavelle T, Prescott K, Rajgopal A, Roy I, Sagar J, Scarborough C, Shaikh S, Smart CJ, Snape S, Tabaqchali MA, Tennakoon A, Tilley R, Vink E, White L, Burke D, Kirby A. Development and internal validation of clinical prediction models for outcomes of complicated intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg 2021; 108:441-447. [PMID: 33615351 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cIAI in a multicentre study and to develop clinical prediction models (CPMs) to help identify patients at risk of mortality or relapse. METHODS A multicentre observational study was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 in the UK. Adult patients diagnosed with cIAI were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to develop CPMs for mortality and cIAI relapse. The c-statistic was used to test model discrimination. Model calibration was tested using calibration slopes and calibration in the large (CITL). The CPMs were then presented as point scoring systems and validated further. RESULTS Overall, 417 patients from 31 surgical centres were included in the analysis. At 90 days after diagnosis, 17.3 per cent had a cIAI relapse and the mortality rate was 11.3 per cent. Predictors in the mortality model were age, cIAI aetiology, presence of a perforated viscus and source control procedure. Predictors of cIAI relapse included the presence of collections, outcome of initial management, and duration of antibiotic treatment. The c-statistic adjusted for model optimism was 0.79 (95 per cent c.i. 0.75 to 0.87) and 0.74 (0.73 to 0.85) for mortality and cIAI relapse CPMs. Adjusted calibration slopes were 0.88 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 0.90) for the mortality model and 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) for the relapse model; CITL was -0.19 (95 per cent c.i. -0.39 to -0.12) and - 0.01 (- 0.17 to -0.03) respectively. CONCLUSION Relapse of infection and death after complicated intra-abdominal infections are common. Clinical prediction models were developed to identify patients at increased risk of relapse or death after treatment, these now require external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - L Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Melhuish
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M T Adil
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - I Aggarwal
- Infection Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - W Ali
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - J Bennett
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Boldock
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - F A Burns
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E Czarniak
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Dennis
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - B Flower
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Fok
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Halai
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - T Hanna
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Hashem
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - S H Hodgson
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Hughes
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - K-H Hurndall
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - R Hyland
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M R Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | | | - M Kailavasan
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Klimovskij
- Department of Surgery, Conquest Hospital, East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - A Laliotis
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lambourne
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Lawday
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - F Lee
- Radiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Lindsey
- Department of Microbiology, The Whittington Hospital, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - D A Mabayoje
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - K I Malik
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Muir
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - H S Narula
- Department of Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Trust Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - U Ofor
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - H Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - T Pavelle
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rajgopal
- Department of Microbiology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - I Roy
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - J Sagar
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - C Scarborough
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C J Smart
- Department of Surgery, Macclesfield District General Hospital, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Cheshire, UK
| | - S Snape
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M A Tabaqchali
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Tennakoon
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Vink
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L White
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - D Burke
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Kirby
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
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Abstract
Introduction The use of embedded peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is purported to offer numerous benefits over standard placement. However, the optimum period of embedment and the effect of prolonged embedment on subsequent catheter function remain unclear. Methods This retrospective observational study looked at adult patients undergoing embedded PD catheter insertion in a large tertiary referral centre in the UK. Possible predictors for catheter non-function at externalisation were investigated. These included patient factors (age, sex, diabetic status, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, previous surgery, estimated glomerular filtration rate), procedural factors (modality of surgery, concurrent surgical procedure), duration of catheter embedment and catheter damage at externalisation. Outcomes examined were proportion of catheters functioning after externalisation, futile placement rate, surgical reintervention rate, infectious complication rate and proportion of externalised catheters lost owing to malfunction. Results Sixty-six catheters were embedded and two-thirds (n=47, 63.6%) were externalised after a median embedment period of 39.4 weeks. Of these, 25 (53.2%) functioned on externalisation. Fourteen (63.6%) of the 22 non-functioning catheters were salvaged. The overall utilisation of PD was 34/47 (72.3%) and the futile placement rate was 12.1%. Over half of the externalised catheters (n=27, 57.4%) were lost directly as a result of catheter related complications, with a median survival time of 39.4 weeks. In adjusted analysis, increasing embedment duration was significantly predictive of catheter non-function at externalisation (adjusted odds ratio: 0.957, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.929-0.985, p=0.003) while subsequent catheter loss was highly dependent on catheter function at externalisation (hazard ratio: 0.258, 95% CI: 0.112-0.594, p=0.001). Conclusions Prolonged embedment of PD catheters is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of catheter dysfunction following externalisation, which is in turn associated with subsequent catheter loss. We have discontinued the use of this technique in our unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinha
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , UK.,Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Fok
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | | | - N Banga
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - B Lindsey
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - B Fernando
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - C J Forman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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Fischer-Brown A, Barquero G, Clark S, Ferguson C, Ireland F, Jensen N, Lane S, Lindsey B, Lopes P, Monson R, Northey D, Reeder A, Rutledge J, Wheeler M, Kesler D. 159 TWIN vs. SINGLE TRANSFER OF IVP HOLSTEIN HEIFER EMBRYOS TO BEEF RECIPIENTS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv17n2ab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of sexed semen in conjunction with in vitro embryo production is a potentially efficient means of obtaining offspring of predetermined sex. Here we evaluate a production scheme involving single and bilateral twin transfer of Holstein female embryos to beef cattle recipients. Holstein oocytes were fertilized with the X-bearing fraction of gender-sorted Holstein semen. Cumulus cells were removed with aid of a vortex or microfluidic device (μFD). Half of the vortexed embryos were cultured in KSOMaaBSA (control), as were all μFD embryos. The remaining vortexed embryos were cultured in control medium with 6% avian white yolk (WY). Embryo production and transfer occurred across five replicates. Cows (n = 475) were synchronized using an Ovsynch protocol. They were administered GnRH on Day −9, PGF on Day −2, and GnRH on Day 0. Half of the cows received a CIDR (1.38 g progesterone) with the 1st GnRH injection. The CIDR was removed at the time of PGF treatment. Day 7 Grade 1 blastocysts were transferred fresh 7 days after the 2nd GnRH injection. Control and WY embryos were transferred as ipsilateral singles and bilateral twins; μFD embryos were transferred singly. Pregnancy was diagnosed with ultrasound between 41–46 days and confirmed between 60–90 days; fetal sexing confirmed that 95% of fetuses were female. Effects on embryo survival were analyzed by logistic regression. Chi-square analysis was applied to survival rates. Replication affected embryo survival (P < 0.05). There was no effect of cumulus removal, medium, or CIDR use. Fetal loss between ultrasounds was greater for twin vs. single transfers (30% vs. 15%, respectively; P < 0.01). Probability of embryo survival was estimated to increase ∼0.006 with each increasing day postpartum. Five cases of hydrallantois were detected during the 5th month of gestation for 1 control twin, 1 WY single, and 3 WY twin transfers, originating from 3 replicates. On a production per transfer basis, the proportion of fetuses obtained for single and twin transfers was 30% and 55%, respectively (P < 0.001). Although there was greater embryonic loss for twin compared to single transfers, a higher percentage of cows receiving twins established and maintained pregnancy. Large-scale transfer of IVP Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients is a feasible production scheme.
Table 1.
Embryo survival and pregnancy rates
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