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Kulsange ES, Sharma M, Sonawane B, Jaiswal MR, Kulkarni JM, Santhakumari B. SWATH-MS reveals that bisphenol A and its analogs regulate pathways leading to disruption in insulin signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114667. [PMID: 38653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The FDA prohibited the use of BPA-based polycarbonate resins in infant formula packaging; thus, its analogs, viz. Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) were considered alternatives in epoxy resins, plastics, and food cans. As these analogs might evoke a similar response, we investigated the role of Bisphenols (BPA, BPF, and BPS), on insulin signaling in CHO-HIRc-myc-GLUT4eGFP cells at environmentally relevant concentrations of 2 nM and 200 nM. Insulin signaling demonstrated that Bisphenols reduced phosphorylation of IR and AKT2, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake. This was accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, SWATH-MS-based proteomics of 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated that Bisphenol-treated cells regulate proteins in insulin resistance, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism pathways differently. All three Bisphenols induced differentially expressed proteins enriched similar pathways, although their abundance differed for each Bisphenol. This might be due to their varying toxicity level, structural differences, and estrogen-mimetic activity. This study has important implications in addressing health concerns related to EDCs. Given that the analogs of BPA are considered alternatives to BPA, the findings of this study suggest they are equally potent in altering fatty acid metabolism and inducing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shabda Kulsange
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Babasaheb Sonawane
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meera R Jaiswal
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - J Mahesh Kulkarni
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - B Santhakumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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Pradhan G, Sneha JM, Sonwane BP, Santhakumari B, Rao A, Kulkarni MJ. Multiple-parallel-protease digestion coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry: An approach towards comprehensive peptide mapping of therapeutic mAbs. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104053. [PMID: 33238212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are structurally large and complex molecules. To be safe and efficacious, a biosimilar mAb must show high similarity to its reference product in Critical Quality Attributes (CQA). mAbs are highly sensitive to protein expression, production, manufacturing, supply chain, and storage conditions. All these factors make biosimilar mAbs intrinsically susceptible for variability during production. Accordingly, several lots of references and tests are required to establish the biosimilarity of a test mAb. The primary structure is a CQA of a mAb affecting its safety and efficacy. Here, we apply peptide mapping as an analytical method to decipher the primary structure and associated modifications for a quick quality assessment of TrastuzumAb and RituximAb innovator and biosimilar. A multiple-parallel-protease digestion strategy followed by high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis consistently achieved 100% sequence coverage along with reliable detection of post-translational modifications. Additionally, the use of supporting methods such as intact mass analysis and circular dichroism helped us to decipher the primary and higher order structures of these mAbs. We identify discernible variations in the profile of the innovator and biosimilar mAbs and validate the method for quick yet deep comparability analysis of the primary structure of biosimilar mAbs sold in the market. SIGNIFICANCE: Peptide mapping using bottom-up approach is one of the most common methods for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we describe a multi-parallel-protease digestion strategy using a combination of five different proteases followed by high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis with TrastuzumAb and RituximAb as an example. This resulted in a comprehensive identification of peptides with increased reliability and identification of different PTMs. Additional supporting orthogonal methods like intact mass and higher-order structure analysis helped evaluate broader conformational properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Pradhan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - J M Sneha
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Babasaheb P Sonwane
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - B Santhakumari
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Rathore R, Sonwane BP, Jagadeeshaprasad MG, Kahar S, Santhakumari B, Unnikrishnan AG, Kulkarni MJ. Glycation of glucose sensitive lysine residues K36, K438 and K549 of albumin is associated with prediabetes. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103481. [PMID: 31394310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a risk factor for the development of diabetes. Early diagnosis of prediabetes may prevent the onset and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. Therefore, this study aimed at the identification of novel markers for efficient prediction of prediabetes. In this pursuit, we have evaluated the ability of glycated peptides of albumin in predicting prediabetes. Glycated peptides of in vitro glycated albumin were characterized by data dependent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring using LC-HRMS. Amongst 14 glycated peptides characterized in vitro, four peptides, particularly, FK(CML)DLGEENFK, K(AML)VPQVSTPTLVEVSR, K(CML)VPQVSTPTLVEVSR, and K(AML)QTALVELVK, corresponding to 3 glucose sensitive lysine residues K36, K438, and K549, respectively showed significantly higher abundance in prediabetes than control. Additionally, the abundance of three of these peptides, namely K(AML)QTALVELVK, K(CML)VPQVSTPTLVEVSR and FK(CML)DLGEENFK was >1.8-fold in prediabetes, which was significantly higher than the differences observed for FBG, PPG, and HbA1c. Further, the four glycated peptides showed a significant correlation with FBG, PPG, HbA1c, triglycerides, VLDL, and HDL. This study supports that glycated peptides of glucose sensitive lysine residues K36, K438 and K549 of albumin could be potentially useful markers for prediction of prediabetes. SIGNIFICANCE: Undiagnosed prediabetes may lead to diabetes and associated complications. This study reports targeted quantification of four glycated peptides particulary FK(CML)DLGEENFK, K(AML)VPQVSTPTLVEVSR, K(CML)VPQVSTPTLVEVSR, and K(AML)QTALVELVK, corresponding to 3 glucose sensitive lysine residues K36, K438 and K549 respectively by parallel reaction monitoring in healthy and prediabetic subjects. These peptides showed significantly higher abundance in prediabetes than healthy subjects, and showed significant correlation with various clinical parameters including FBG, PPG, HbA1c, and altered lipid profile. Therefore, together these four peptides constitute a panel of markers that can be useful for prediction of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Rathore
- Proteomics Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Babasaheb P Sonwane
- Proteomics Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - M G Jagadeeshaprasad
- Proteomics Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - B Santhakumari
- Proteomics Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Proteomics Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Ahmed R, Kodgire S, Santhakumari B, Patil R, Kulkarni M, Zore G. Serum responsive proteome reveals correlation between oxidative phosphorylation and morphogenesis in Candida albicans ATCC10231. J Proteomics 2018; 185:25-38. [PMID: 29959084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To understand the impact of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on metabolism and cellular architecture in addition to morphogenesis, we have identified FBS responsive proteome of Candida albicans. FBS induced 34% hyphae and 60% pseudohyphae in C. albicans at 30 °C while 98% hyphae at 37 °C. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that 285 proteins modulated significantly in response to FBS at 30 °C and 37 °C. Out of which 152 were upregulated and 62 were downregulated at 30 °C while 18 were up and 53 were downregulated at 37 °C. Functional annotation suggests that FBS may inhibit glycolysis and fermentative pathway and enhance oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), TCA cycle, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism indicating a use of alternative energy source by C. albicans. OxPhos inhibition assay using sodium azide corroborated the correlation between inhibition of glycolysis and enhanced OxPhos with pseudohyphae formation. C. albicans induced hyphae in response to FBS irrespective of down regulation of Ras1,Asr1/Asr2, indicates the possible involvement of MAPK and cAMP-PKA independent pathway. The Cell wall of cells grown in presence of FBS at 30 °C was rich in mannan, Beta 1,3-glucan and chitin while membranes were rich in ergosterol compared to those grown at 37 °C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This is the first study suggesting a correlation between OxPhos and morphogenesis especially pseudohyphae formation in C. albicans. Our data also indicate that fetal bovine serum (FBS) induced morphogenesis is multifactorial and may involve MAPK and cAMP-PKA independent pathway. In addition to morphogenesis, our study provides an insight in to the modulation of metabolism and cellular architecture of C. albicans in response to FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radfan Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, MS, India
| | - Santosh Kodgire
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, MS, India
| | - B Santhakumari
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India.
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, MS, India.
| | - Mahesh Kulkarni
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India.
| | - Gajanan Zore
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, MS, India.
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Dan VM, Muralikrishnan B, Sanawar R, J S V, Burkul BB, Srinivas KP, Lekshmi A, Pradeep NS, Dastager SG, Santhakumari B, Santhoshkumar TR, Kumar RA, Pillai MR. Streptomyces sp metabolite(s) promotes Bax mediated intrinsic apoptosis and autophagy involving inhibition of mTOR pathway in cervical cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2810. [PMID: 29434241 PMCID: PMC5809390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cervical cancer, the association between HPV infection and dysregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway) places mTOR as an attractive therapeutic target. The failure of current treatment modalities in advanced stages of this cancer and drawbacks of already available mTOR inhibitors demand for novel drug candidates. In the present study we identified the presence of a mTOR inhibitor in an active fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp OA293. The metabolites(s) in the active fraction completely inhibited mTORC1 and thereby suppressed activation of both of its downstream targets, 4E-BP1 and P70S6k, in cervical cancer cells. In addition, it also stalled Akt activation via inhibition of mTORC2. The mechanism of mTOR inhibition detailed in our study overcomes significant drawbacks of well known mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and rapalogs. The active fraction induced autophagy and Bax mediated apoptosis suggesting that mTOR inhibition resulted in programmed cell death of cancer cells. The molecular weight determination of the components in active fraction confirmed the absence of any previously known natural mTOR inhibitor. This is the first report of complete mTOR complex inhibition by a product derived from microbial source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Mohan Dan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Balaji Muralikrishnan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rahul Sanawar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vinodh J S
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,NCIM Resource centre, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Asha Lekshmi
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - N S Pradeep
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- NCIM Resource centre, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Santhakumari
- Proteomics facility, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Thankayyan R Santhoshkumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - R Ajay Kumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kulkarni RM, Hanagadakar MS, Malladi RS, Santhakumari B, Nandibewoor ST. Oxidation of linezolid by permanganate in acidic medium: Pd(II) catalysis, kinetics and pathways. Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/146867816x14696298762238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The uncatalysed and Pd(II)-catalysed oxidation of linezolid (LNZ) by permanganate (PMGT) in acidic medium was carried out in the pH range from 3.0 to 6.0. The second order rate constants were found to decrease with increase in pH. The apparent second order rate constants for the uncatalysed reaction were, for example, k″app = 6.32 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at pH 3.0 and k″app. = 2.64 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at pH 6.0 and at 25 ± 0.2 °C and for the Pd(II)-catalysed reaction the total apparent second order rate constants were k″app = 75.5 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at pH 3.0 and k″app. = 45.66 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at pH 6.0 and at 25 ± 0.2 °C. The rate constant of the Pd(II)-catalysed reaction was thus ten times higher than for the uncatalysed reaction. The oxidation products of the reaction were identified using high resolution LC–MS. The reaction progresses via formation of a Pd–LNZ complex, which reacts with acidic PMGT to form an intermediate compound, which then decomposes to give oxidised products. The dependence of the rate of reaction on various parameters, such as pH, temperature, [LNZ], [PMGT], [Pd(II)], dielectric constant and ionic strength were studied and activation parameters for the reaction were evaluated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraj M. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology (Autonomous) Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590 008, Karnataka
| | - Manjunath S. Hanagadakar
- Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology (Autonomous) Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590 008, Karnataka
| | - Ramesh S. Malladi
- Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology (Autonomous) Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590 008, Karnataka
| | - B. Santhakumari
- Center for material characterisation, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra
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Arora A, Cameotra SS, Kumar R, Balomajumder C, Singh AK, Santhakumari B, Kumar P, Laik S. Biosurfactant as a Promoter of Methane Hydrate Formation: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20893. [PMID: 26869357 PMCID: PMC4751436 DOI: 10.1038/srep20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are solid non-stoichiometric compounds often regarded as a next generation energy source. Successful commercialization of NGH is curtailed by lack of efficient and safe technology for generation, dissociation, storage and transportation. The present work studied the influence of environment compatible biosurfactant on gas hydrate formation. Biosurfactant was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A11 and was characterized as rhamnolipids. Purified rhamnolipids reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 36 mN/m with Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of 70 mg/l. Use of 1000 ppm rhamnolipids solution in C type silica gel bed system increased methane hydrate formation rate by 42.97% and reduced the induction time of hydrate formation by 22.63% as compared to water saturated C type silica gel. Presence of rhamnolipids also shifted methane hydrate formation temperature to higher values relative to the system without biosurfactant. Results from thermodynamic and kinetic studies suggest that rhamnolipids can be applied as environment friendly methane hydrate promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | | | - Rajnish Kumar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | | | - B Santhakumari
- Centre For Material Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Keshav Dev Malviya Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Dehradun, India
| | - Sukumar Laik
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
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Prabhu RR, Kulkarni MJ, Parasharami VA, Santhakumari B, Paranjape S. An attempt at taxonomical characterization of some Rhizobial species by intact cell MALDI mass spectrometry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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