The COVID-19 pandemic and airline cash flow

The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a seismic impact on the travel industry. With a steep drop in demand and flight cancelations on international routes, airlines have reduced capacity on a scale that we have never seen before. In the current environment, airlines are strapped for cash, and cashflow is a prerequisite for survival. As airlines navigate through the resumption of flights in a Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 era, this paper recommends an approach for airlines to generate cashflow from corporations for their mutual benefit.

Efficacy and Safety of COX-2 Inhibitors in the Clinical Management of Arthritis: Mini Review

In the clinical management of arthritis, the choice of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) remains confusing and controversial. A common practice on the choice of NSAID in clinical management of arthritis is the risk benefit ratio. The main objective of this review is to addresses the main arguments for the pharmacological and clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors in relation to nonselective NSAIDs for the clinical management of arthritis. This review concluded that, both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors are equally effective and are associated with increased risk of GI, renal, and CV, adverse effects. Complete understanding of the patient's comorbid conditions and concomitant medications, coupled with precise monitoring during the treatment, may help to decrease the threat of adverse effects induced by nonselective NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of ketoprofen-loaded albumin microspheres for intramuscular administration

The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate ketoprofen-loaded albumin microspheres for intramuscular administration. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method using a 2(3) factorial design and the effect of different factors on entrapment efficiency was determined. Microspheres were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, particle size and release behaviour. Selected formulations were then tested by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Further they were analysed for residual solvents, syringeability and stability. Microspheres were then sterilized and bioavailability studies were carried out in New Zealand white rabbits. The physical characteristics of microspheres showed that they were suitable for IM administration. The sterilization technique adopted was adequate to maintain sterility. In vivo studies showed increase in C(max), AUC, t(1/2) and MRT (p < 0.05) administered in the form of microspheres. MRT of ketoprofen was almost 3.2-times in the form of microspheres. From these results it was concluded that the developed albumin microspheres of ketoprofen is a potential delivery system for once-a-day intramuscular administration.