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Heiles B, Chavignon A, Hingot V, Lopez P, Teston E, Couture O. Addendum: Performance benchmarking of microbubble-localization algorithms for ultrasound localization microscopy. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01123-0. [PMID: 37864010 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Heiles
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France.
| | - Arthur Chavignon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Hingot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Lopez
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Couture
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
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Robin J, Demené C, Heiles B, Blanvillain V, Puke L, Perren F, Tanter M. In vivoadaptive focusing for clinical contrast-enhanced transcranial ultrasound imaging in human. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36595330 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acabfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Imaging the human brain vasculature with high spatial and temporal resolution remains challenging in the clinic today. Transcranial ultrasound is still scarcely used for cerebrovascular imaging, due to low sensitivity and strong phase aberrations induced by the skull bone that only enable the proximal part major brain vessel imaging, even with ultrasound contrast agent injection (microbubbles).Approach. Here, we propose an adaptive aberration correction technique for skull bone aberrations based on the backscattered signals coming from intravenously injected microbubbles. Our aberration correction technique was implemented to image brain vasculature in human adults through temporal and occipital bone windows. For each subject, an effective speed of sound, as well as a phase aberration profile, were determined in several isoplanatic patches spread across the image. This information was then used in the beamforming process.Main results. This aberration correction method reduced the number of artefacts, such as ghost vessels, in the images. It improved image quality both for ultrafast Doppler imaging and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), especially in patients with thick bone windows. For ultrafast Doppler images, the contrast was increased by 4 dB on average, and for ULM, the number of detected microbubble tracks was increased by 38%.Significance. This technique is thus promising for better diagnosis and follow-up of brain pathologies such as aneurysms, arterial stenoses, arterial occlusions, microvascular disease and stroke and could make transcranial ultrasound imaging possible even in particularly difficult-to-image human adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Robin
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, France.,LUNIC Laboratory, Neurocenter University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlie Demené
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, France.,LUNIC Laboratory, Neurocenter University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Heiles
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, France
| | - Victor Blanvillain
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, France
| | - Liene Puke
- LUNIC Laboratory, Neurocenter University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Perren
- LUNIC Laboratory, Neurocenter University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Universities of Geneva and Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, France
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Heiles B, Chavignon A, Hingot V, Lopez P, Teston E, Couture O. Performance benchmarking of microbubble-localization algorithms for ultrasound localization microscopy. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:605-616. [PMID: 35177778 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy can be used to detect the subwavelength acoustic scattering of intravenously injected microbubbles to obtain haemodynamic maps of the vasculature of animals and humans. The quality of the haemodynamic maps depends on signal-to-noise ratios and on the algorithms used for the localization of the microbubbles and the rendering of their trajectories. Here we report the results of benchmarking of the performance of seven microbubble-localization algorithms. We used metrics for localization errors, localization success rates, processing times and a measure of the reprojection of the localization of the microbubbles on the original beamformed grid. We combined eleven metrics into an overall score and tested the algorithms in three simulated microcirculation datasets, and in angiography datasets of the brain of a live rat after craniotomy, an excised rat kidney and a mammary tumour in a live mouse. The algorithms, metrics and datasets, which we have made openly available at https://github.com/AChavignon/PALA and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343435 , will facilitate the identification or generation of optimal microbubble-localization algorithms for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Heiles
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France.
| | - Arthur Chavignon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Hingot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Lopez
- ESPCI, CNRS, INSERM, PhysMedParis, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Couture
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
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Chavignon A, Heiles B, Hingot V, Orset C, Vivien D, Couture O. 3D Transcranial Ultrasound Localization Microscopy in the Rat Brain with a Multiplexed Matrix Probe. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:2132-2142. [PMID: 34932470 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) provides images of the microcirculation in-depth in living tissue. However, its implementation in two-dimension is limited by the elevation projection and tedious plane-by-plane acquisition. Volumetric ULM alleviates these issues and can map the vasculature of entire organs in one acquisition with isotropic resolution. However, its optimal implementation requires many independent acquisition channels, leading to complex custom hardware. METHODS In this article, we implemented volumetric ultrasound imaging with a multiplexed 32 x 32 probe driven by a single commercial ultrasound scanner. We propose and compare three different sub-aperture multiplexing combinations for localization microscopy in silico and in vitro with a flow of microbubbles in a canal. Finally, we evaluate the approach for micro-angiography of the rat brain.The "light" combination allows a higher maximal volume rate than the "full" combination while maintaining the field of view and resolution. RESULTS In the rat brain, 100,000 volumes were acquired within 7 min with a dedicated ultrasound sequence and revealed vessels down to 31 m in diameter with flows from 4.3 mm/s to 28.4 mm/s. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the ability to perform a complete angiography with unprecedented resolution in the living rats brain with a simple and light setup through the intact skull. SIGNIFICANCE We foresee that it might contribute to democratize 3D ULM for both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Hingot V, Chavignon A, Heiles B, Couture O. Measuring Image Resolution in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2021; 40:3812-3819. [PMID: 34280094 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3097150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of an imaging system is usually determined by the width of its point spread function and is measured using the Rayleigh criterion. For most system, it is in the order of the imaging wavelength. However, super resolution techniques such as localization microscopy in optical and ultrasound imaging can resolve features an order of magnitude finer than the wavelength. The classical description of spatial resolution no longer applies and new methods need to be developed. In optical localization microscopy, the Fourier Ring Correlation has showed to be an effective and practical way to estimate spatial resolution for Single Molecule Localization Microscopy data. In this work, we wish to investigate how this tool can provide a direct and universal estimation of spatial resolution in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. Moreover, we discuss the concept of spatial sampling in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy and demonstrate how the Nyquist criterion for sampling drives the spatial/temporal resolution tradeoff. We measured spatial resolution on five different datasets over rodent's brain, kidney and tumor finding values between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for precision of localization between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Eventually, we discuss from those in vivo datasets how spatial resolution in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy depends on both the localization precision and the total number of detected microbubbles. This study aims to offer a practical and theoretical framework for image resolution in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy.
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Demené C, Robin J, Dizeux A, Heiles B, Pernot M, Tanter M, Perren F. Transcranial ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of brain vasculature in patients. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:219-228. [PMID: 33723412 PMCID: PMC7610356 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cerebral blood flow are associated with stroke, aneurysms, vascular cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies. Brain angiograms, typically performed via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, are limited to millimetre-scale resolution and are insensitive to blood-flow dynamics. Here we show that ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy of intravenously injected microbubbles enables transcranial imaging of deep vasculature in the adult human brain at microscopic resolution and the quantification of haemodynamic parameters. Adaptive speckle tracking to correct for micrometric brain-motion artefacts and ultrasonic-wave aberrations induced during transcranial propagation allowed us to map the vascular network of tangled arteries to functionally characterize blood-flow dynamics at a resolution of up to 25 μm and to detect blood vortices in a small deep-seated aneurysm in a patient. Ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy may facilitate the understanding of brain haemodynamics and of how vascular abnormalities in the brain are related to neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Demené
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, HUG, LUNIC Laboratory Geneva Neurocenter, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justine Robin
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, HUG, LUNIC Laboratory Geneva Neurocenter, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Dizeux
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Heiles
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Fabienne Perren
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, HUG, LUNIC Laboratory Geneva Neurocenter, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is one of the most widely used modalities in clinical practice, revealing human prenatal development but also arterial function in the adult brain. Ultrasound waves travel deep within soft biological tissues and provide information about the motion and mechanical properties of internal organs. A drawback of ultrasound imaging is its limited ability to detect molecular targets due to a lack of cell-type specific acoustic contrast. To date, this limitation has been addressed by targeting synthetic ultrasound contrast agents to molecular targets. This molecular ultrasound imaging approach has proved to be successful but is restricted to the vascular space. Here, we introduce the nascent field of biomolecular ultrasound imaging, a molecular imaging approach that relies on genetically encoded acoustic biomolecules to interface ultrasound waves with cellular processes. We review ultrasound imaging applications bridging wave physics and chemical engineering with potential for deep brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Heiles
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Terwiel
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - David Maresca
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Hingot V, Brodin C, Lebrun F, Heiles B, Chagnot A, Yetim M, Gauberti M, Orset C, Tanter M, Couture O, Deffieux T, Vivien D. Early Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging of Cerebral Perfusion correlates with Ischemic Stroke outcomes and responses to treatment in Mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7480-7491. [PMID: 32685000 PMCID: PMC7359089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of ischemic cerebral injury, precise characterization of neurovascular hemodynamic is required to select candidates for reperfusion treatments. It is thus admitted that advanced imaging-based approaches would be able to better diagnose and prognose those patients and would contribute to better clinical care. Current imaging modalities like MRI allow a precise diagnostic of cerebral injury but suffer from limited availability and transportability. The recently developed ultrafast ultrasound could be a powerful tool to perform emergency imaging and long term follow-up of cerebral perfusion, which could, in combination with MRI, improve imaging solutions for neuroradiologists. Methods: In this study, in a model of in situ thromboembolic stroke in mice, we compared a control group of non-treated mice (N=10) with a group receiving the gold standard pharmacological stroke therapy (N=9). We combined the established tool of magnetic resonance imaging (7T MRI) with two innovative ultrafast ultrasound methods, ultrafast Doppler and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy, to image the cerebral blood volumes at early and late times after stroke onset and compare with the formation of ischemic lesions. Results: Our study shows that ultrafast ultrasound can be used through the mouse skull to monitor cerebral perfusion during ischemic stroke. In our data, the monitoring of the reperfusion following thrombolytic within the first 2 h post stroke onset matches ischemic lesions measured 24 h. Moreover, similar results can be made with Ultrasound Localization Microscopy which could make it applicable to human patients in the future. Conclusion: We thus provide the proof of concept that in a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke with an intact skull, early ultrafast ultrasound can be indicative of responses to treatment and cerebral tissue fates following stroke. It brings new tools to study ischemic stroke in preclinical models and is the first step prior translation to the clinical settings.
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Heiles B, Correia M, Hingot V, Pernot M, Provost J, Tanter M, Couture O. Ultrafast 3D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Using a 32 × 32 Matrix Array. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:2005-2015. [PMID: 30946662 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2890358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy can map blood vessels with a resolution much smaller than the wavelength by localizing microbubbles. The current implementations of the technique are limited to 2-D planes or small fields of view in 3-D. These suffer from minute-long acquisitions, out-of-plane microbubbles, and tissue motion. In this paper, we exploit the recent development of 4D ultrafast ultrasound imaging to insonify an isotropic volume up to 20 000 times per second and perform localization microscopy in the three dimensions. Specifically, a 32 ×32 elements, 9-MHz matrix-array probe connected to a 1024-channel programmable ultrasound scanner was used to achieve sub-wavelength volumetric imaging of both the structure and vector flow of a complex 3D structure (a main canal branching out into two side canals). To cope with the large volumes and the need to localize the bubbles in the three dimensions, novel algorithms were developed based on deconvolution of the beamformed microbubble signal. For tracking, individual particles were paired following a Munkres assignment method, and velocimetry was done following a Lagrangian approach. ULM was able to clearly represent the 3-D shape of the structure with a sharp delineation of canal edges (as small as [Formula: see text]) and separate them with a spacing as low as [Formula: see text]. The compounded volume rate of 500 Hz was sufficient to describe velocities in 2.5-150-mm/s range and to reduce the maximum acquisition time to 12 s. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of in vitro 3-D ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy and opens up the way toward in vivo volumetric ULM.
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Hingot V, Errico C, Heiles B, Rahal L, Tanter M, Couture O. Microvascular flow dictates the compromise between spatial resolution and acquisition time in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2456. [PMID: 30792398 PMCID: PMC6385220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic imaging technique for tissues and blood vessels. However, its spatial resolution is limited to a sub-millimeter scale. Ultrasound Localization Microscopy was recently introduced to overcome this limit and relies on subwavelength localization and tracking of microbubbles injected in the blood circulation. Yet, as microbubbles follow blood flow, long acquisition time are required to detect them in the smallest vessels, leading to long reconstruction of the microvasculature. The objective of this work is to understand how blood flow limits acquisition time. We studied the reconstruction of a coronal slice of a rat's brain during a continuous microbubble injection close to clinical concentrations. After acquiring 192000 frames over 4 minutes, we find that the biggest vessels can be reconstructed in seconds but that it would take tens of minutes to map the entire capillary network. Moreover, the appropriate characterization of flow profiles based on microbubble velocity within vessels is bound by even more stringent temporal limitations. As we use simple blood flow models to characterize its impact on reconstruction time, we foresee that these results and methods can be adapted to determine adequate microbubble injections and acquisition times in clinical and preclinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hingot
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Errico
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Heiles
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Line Rahal
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Couture
- Institut Langevin, CNRS, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France.
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Couture O, Hingot V, Heiles B, Muleki-Seya P, Tanter M. Ultrasound Localization Microscopy and Super-Resolution: A State of the Art. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2018; 65:1304-1320. [PMID: 29994673 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2018.2850811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Because it drives the compromise between resolution and penetration, the diffraction limit has long represented an unreachable summit to conquer in ultrasound imaging. Within a few years after the introduction of optical localization microscopy, we proposed its acoustic alter ego that exploits the micrometric localization of microbubble contrast agents to reconstruct the finest vessels in the body in-depth. Various groups now working on the subject are optimizing the localization precision, microbubble separation, acquisition time, tracking, and velocimetry to improve the capacity of ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) to detect and distinguish vessels much smaller than the wavelength. It has since been used in vivo in the brain, the kidney, and tumors. In the clinic, ULM is bound to improve drastically our vision of the microvasculature, which could revolutionize the diagnosis of cancer, arteriosclerosis, stroke, and diabetes.
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Moreira ED, Giuliano AR, de Hoon J, Iversen OE, Joura EA, Restrepo J, Van Damme P, Vandermeulen C, Ellison MC, Krick A, Shields C, Heiles B, Luxembourg A. Safety profile of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: assessment in prior quadrivalent HPV vaccine recipients and in men 16 to 26 years of age. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:396-403. [PMID: 29211620 PMCID: PMC5806635 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1403700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine has been developed to protect against HPV type 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58-related infection and disease. Previous safety analyses from 7 clinical trials conducted in 9vHPV vaccine recipients 9–26 years of age, including comparisons of 9vHPV and quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccines in girls and women 16–26 years of age, showed that the 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated. Additional safety analyses were conducted to include the results of new clinical studies. The safety profile of the 9vHPV vaccine in prior qHPV vaccine recipients (n = 3756 from 1 randomized controlled trial and 2 open-label extension studies) and young men (n = 248 9vHPV and n = 248 qHPV vaccine recipients from 1 randomized controlled trial) was evaluated. Vaccine was administered as a 3-dose regimen (at Day 1 and Months 2 and 6), and adverse events (AEs) were monitored. The most common AEs were injection-site events (91.1% and 79.0% in prior qHPV vaccine recipients and young men, respectively), the majority of which were mild. Discontinuations due to an AE were rare (0.2% and 0.0% among prior qHPV vaccine recipients and young men, respectively). In young men, the AE profile of the 9vHPV vaccine was generally similar to that of the qHPV vaccine. Overall, the 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated in prior qHPV vaccine recipients and in young men, with an AE profile generally consistent with that previously reported with the broader clinical program.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Moreira
- a Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil
| | - A R Giuliano
- b Department of Cancer Epidemiology , Center for Infection Research (CIRC), Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - J de Hoon
- c Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - O-E Iversen
- d Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen/Womens Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - E A Joura
- e Department of Gynecology , Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - J Restrepo
- f Fundación Centro de Investigación Clínica CIC , Medellín , Colombia
| | - P Van Damme
- g University of Antwerp, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - C Vandermeulen
- h Leuven University Vaccinology Center, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - M C Ellison
- i Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth , New Jersey , USA
| | - A Krick
- i Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth , New Jersey , USA
| | - C Shields
- i Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth , New Jersey , USA
| | - B Heiles
- i Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth , New Jersey , USA
| | - A Luxembourg
- i Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth , New Jersey , USA
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Neumann R, Eggers HJ, Zippel HH, Remy B, Nelles G, Heiles B, Molitor E, Schulz KD. [Clinical relevance of nucleic acid detection of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in cells from smears of the cervix uteri]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1989; 49:11-6. [PMID: 2537248 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical smears from 516 women were investigated cytologically and for the presence of papilloma virus (HPV) type 16/18 DNA sequences. From the cytologically normal smears (Pap I, II, IIw) 57/424 (13%) 16/18 were found HPV positive and from the pathological ones (Pap III, IIID, IVa, IVb, V), 30/92 (33%). The age prevalence of the HPV infection--provided a cytologically normal smear--appears compatible with the period of sexual activity, but persistence of the HPV infection has to be considered as a complicating factor. Our investigations on successive smears nevertheless permit the hypothesis that an HPV infection may disappear. The use of biotin-labeled nucleic acid probes yields results at least as reliable as those obtained with radioactive probes. The test for HPV positivity appears at present to be of limited diagnostic and prognostic benefit, particularly for the individual case. Investigations on fundamental oncogenic mechanisms are a different matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Neumann
- Institut für Virologie der Universität zu Köln
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Neumann R, Heiles B, Zippel C, Eggers HJ, Zippel HH, Holzmann L, Schulz KD. Use of biotinylated DNA probes in screening cells obtained from cervical swabs for human papillomavirus DNA sequences. Acta Cytol 1986; 30:603-7. [PMID: 3024429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A nonradioactive DNA-detection procedure using biotinylated DNA probes in the screening of cells from cervical swabs for DNA sequences homologous to human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was tested. This alternative DNA-detection method yielded results comparable to those obtained with radioisotope-labeled DNA probes in 32 cases tested. This procedure obviates the special precautions required for radioisotope materials. Accordingly, this technique can be made available to many laboratories, and conclusive evidence as to the relation of HPV infection to cervical cancer may thus be accumulated.
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