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Dvorakova K, Skarkova V, Vitovcova B, Soukup J, Vosmikova H, Pleskacova Z, Skarka A, Bartos MC, Krupa P, Kasparova P, Petera J, Rudolf E. Expression of STAT3 and hypoxia markers in long-term surviving malignant glioma patients. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:509. [PMID: 38654280 PMCID: PMC11036726 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive type of central nevous system malignancy characterized by many distinct biological features including extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia in glioblatoma associates with complex signaling patterns including activation of several pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 with the master regulator HIF-1, which in turn drive particular tumor behaviors determining, in the end, treatment outcomes and patients fate. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 in a small set of long-term surviving glioma patients. METHODS The expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 was evaluated in a time series of formalin fixed paraffin embedded and cryopreserved glioma samples from repeatedly resected patients. In addition, comparative studies were also conducted on primary glioma cells derived from original patient samples, stabilized glioma cell lines and tumor-xenograft mice model. Obtained data were correlated with clinical findings too. RESULTS Glioblastoma samples of the analyzed patients displayed heterogeneity in the expression of hypoxia- related and EMT markers with most interesting trend being observed in pSTAT3. This heterogeneity was subsequently confirmed in other employed models (primocultures derived from glioblastoma tissue resections, cryopreserved tumor specimens, stabilized glioblastoma cell line in vitro and in vivo) and concerned, in particular, STAT3 expression which remained stable. In addition, subsequent studies on the role of STAT3 in the context of glioblastoma hypoxia demonstrated opposing effects of its deletion on cell viability as well as the expression of hypoxia and EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suport the importance of STAT3 expression and activity in the context of hypoxia in malignant glioblastoma long-term surviving glioma patients while emphasizing heterogeneity of biological outcomes in varying employed tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dvorakova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Soukup
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine n Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vosmikova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine n Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pleskacova
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Christian Bartos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Krupa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kasparova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine n Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petera
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Soukup J, Gerykova L, Rachelkar A, Hornychova H, Bartos MC, Krupa P, Vitovcova B, Pleskacova Z, Kasparova P, Dvorakova K, Skarkova V, Petera J. Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemical Detection of MEOX2, SOX11, INSM1 and EGFR in Gliomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2546. [PMID: 37568909 PMCID: PMC10417822 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological identification of dispersed glioma cells in small biopsies can be challenging, especially in tumours lacking the IDH1 R132H mutation or alterations in TP53. We postulated that immunohistochemical detection of proteins expressed preferentially in gliomas (EGFR, MEOX2, CD34) or during embryonal development (SOX11, INSM1) can be used to distinguish reactive gliosis from glioma. Tissue microarrays of 46 reactive glioses, 81 glioblastomas, 34 IDH1-mutant diffuse gliomas, and 23 gliomas of other types were analysed. Glial neoplasms were significantly more often (p < 0.001, χ2) positive for EGFR (34.1% vs. 0%), MEOX2 (49.3% vs. 2.3%), SOX11 (70.5% vs. 20.4%), and INSM1 (65.4% vs. 2.3%). In 94.3% (66/70) of the glioblastomas, the expression of at least two markers was observed, while no reactive gliosis showed coexpression of any of the proteins. Compared to IDH1-mutant tumours, glioblastomas showed significantly higher expression of EGFR, MEOX2, and CD34 and significantly lower positivity for SOX11. Non-diffuse gliomas were only rarely positive for any of the five markers tested. Our results indicate that immunohistochemical detection of EGFR, MEOX2, SOX11, and INSM1 can be useful for detection of glioblastoma cells in limited histological samples, especially when used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Gerykova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anjali Rachelkar
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Christian Bartos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Krupa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (B.V.)
| | - Zuzana Pleskacova
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kasparova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dvorakova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (B.V.)
| | - Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (B.V.)
| | - Jiri Petera
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Skarkova V, Vitovcova B, Matouskova P, Manethova M, Kazimirova P, Skarka A, Brynychova V, Soucek P, Vosmikova H, Rudolf E. Role of N-Cadherin in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Chemosensitivity of Colon Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205146. [PMID: 36291930 PMCID: PMC9601123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of N-cadherin expression in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related aggressive tumor colon cancer cell phenotype was investigated using various in vitro and in vivo models. With the help of several standard laboratory techniques, it was verified that an artificially increased N-cadherin expression has only a limited reprogramming potential towards colon cancer cells unlike the case where colon cancer cells present with a naturally elevated presence of N-cadherin. Abstract (1) Background: N-cadherin expression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aggressive biological phenotype of tumor cells are linked although the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. (2) Methods: In this study, we used two different in vitro cell models with varying N-cadherin expression (stabilized lines and primocultures) and investigated their select biological features including the degree of their chemoresistance both in vitro as well as in vivo. (3) Results: We report that although enforced N-cadherin expression changes select morphological and behavioral characteristics of exposed cells, it fails to successfully reprogram cells to the aggressive, chemoresistant phenotype both in vitro as well as in vivo as verified by implantation of those cells into athymic mice. Conversely, primocultures of patient-colonic cells with naturally high levels of N-cadherin expression show fully aggressive and chemoresistant phenotype pertinent to EMT (in vitro and in vivo), with a potential to develop new mutations and in the presence of dysregulated regulatory pathways as represented by investigated miRNA profiles. (4) Conclusions: The presented results bring new facts concerning the functional axis of N-cadherin expression and related biological features of colon cancer cells and highlight colon cancer primocultures as a useful model for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Zborovska 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Zborovska 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matouskova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kazimirova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Zborovska 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradecká 1285, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brynychova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vosmikova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Zborovska 2089, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Vitovcova B, Caltová K, Dvorakova K, Skarková V, Meiring J, Akhmanova A, Rudolf E. 88P The effect of flubendazole on microtubule polymerization and post-translational modifications. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Soukup J, Manethova M, Faistova H, Krbal L, Vitovcova B, Hornychova H, Drugda J, Cesak T, Netuka D, Gabalec F, Ryska A. Pitx2 is a useful marker of midgut‐derived neuroendocrine tumours ‐ an immunohistochemical study of 224 cases. Histopathology 2022; 81:799-807. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Hana Faistova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Krbal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Charles University Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Jan Drugda
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cesak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University Military University Hospital Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Filip Gabalec
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic
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Soukup J, Cesak T, Hornychova H, Manethova M, Michnova L, Netuka D, Vitovcova B, Cap J, Ryska A, Gabalec F. Cytokeratin 8/18-negative somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs, adenomas) show variable morphological features and do not represent a clinicopathologically distinct entity. Histopathology 2021; 79:406-415. [PMID: 33738859 DOI: 10.1111/his.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (adenomas), a pattern of cytokeratin (CK) 18 expression is used for tumour subclassification, with possible clinical implications. Rare somatotroph tumours do not express CK 18. We aimed to characterise this subset clinically and histologically. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical and pathological data for the study were derived from a previously published data set of a cohort of 110 patients with acromegaly. Data included serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), growth hormone (GH), prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), tumour diameter, tumour invasion defined by Knosp grade and immunohistochemical data concerning the expression of Ki67, p53, E-cadherin, somatostatin receptor (SSTR)1, SSTR2A, SSTR3, SSTR5 and D2 dopamine receptor. Additional immunohistochemical analysis (AE1/3, CK 8/18, vimentin, neurofilament light chain, internexin-α) was performed. CK 18 was negative in 10 of 110 (9.1%) tumours. One of these tumours was immunoreactive with CK 8/18 antibody, while the remainder expressed only internexin-α intermediate filament in patterns similar to CK 18 (perinuclear fibrous bodies). CK-negative tumours showed no significant differences with respect to biochemical, radiological or pathological features. They showed significantly higher expression of SSTR2A compared to the sparsely granulated subtype and significantly lower expression of E-cadherin compared to the non-sparsely granulated subtypes of tumours. The tumours showed divergent morphology and hormonal expression: two corresponded to densely granulated tumours and three showed co-expression of prolactin and morphology of either mammosomatotroph or somatotroph-lactotroph tumours. Four tumours showed morphology and immunoprofile compatible with plurihormonal Pit1-positive tumours. CONCLUSIONS CK-negative somatotroph tumours do not represent a distinct subtype of somatotroph tumours, and can be further subdivided according to their morphology and immunoprofile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cesak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Michnova
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cap
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Gabalec
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Vitovcova B, Skarkova V, Rudolf K, Rudolf E. Biology of Glioblastoma Multiforme-Exploration of Mitotic Catastrophe as a Potential Treatment Modality. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155324. [PMID: 32727112 PMCID: PMC7432846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents approximately 60% of all brain tumors in adults. This malignancy shows a high biological and genetic heterogeneity associated with exceptional aggressiveness, leading to a poor survival of patients. This review provides a summary of the basic biology of GBM cells with emphasis on cell cycle and cytoskeletal apparatus of these cells, in particular microtubules. Their involvement in the important oncosuppressive process called mitotic catastrophe will next be discussed along with select examples of microtubule-targeting agents, which are currently explored in this respect such as benzimidazole carbamate compounds. Select microtubule-targeting agents, in particular benzimidazole carbamates, induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitotic catastrophe in tumor cells including GBM, resulting in phenotypically variable cell fates such as mitotic death or mitotic slippage with subsequent cell demise or permanent arrest leading to senescence. Their effect is coupled with low toxicity in normal cells and not developed chemoresistance. Given the lack of efficient cytostatics or modern molecular target-specific compounds in the treatment of GBM, drugs inducing mitotic catastrophe might offer a new, efficient alternative to the existing clinical management of this at present incurable malignancy.
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Skarkova V, Krupova M, Vitovcova B, Skarka A, Kasparova P, Krupa P, Kralova V, Rudolf E. The Evaluation of Glioblastoma Cell Dissociation and Its Influence on Its Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184630. [PMID: 31540507 PMCID: PMC6770747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Primary cell lines are a valuable tool for evaluation of tumor behavior or sensitivity to anticancer treatment and appropriate dissociation of cells could preserve genomic profile of the original tissue. The main aim of our study was to compare the influence of two methods of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell derivation (mechanic—MD; enzymatic—ED) on basic biological properties of thus derived cells and correlate them to the ones obtained from stabilized GBM cell line A-172. Methods: Cell proliferation and migration (xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis), expression of microRNAs and protein markers (RT-PCR and Western blotting), morphology (phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy), and accumulation of temozolomide (TMZ) and its metabolite 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC) inside the cells (LC-MS analysis) were carried out in five different samples of GBM (GBM1, GBM2, GBM32, GBM33, GBM34), with each of them processed by MD and ED types of isolations. The same analyses were done in the A-172 cell line too. Results: Primary GBM cells obtained by ED or MD approaches significantly differ in biological behavior and properties of these cells. Unlike in primary MD GBM cells, higher proliferation, as well as migration, was observed in primary ED GBM cells, which were also associated with the acquired mesenchymal phenotype and higher sensitivity to TMZ. Finally, the same analyses of stabilized GBM cell line A-172 revealed several important differences in measured parameters. Conclusions: GBM cells obtained by MD and ED dissociation show considerable heterogeneity, but based on our results, MD approach should be the preferred method of primary GBM cell isolation
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Simkova 870, CZ-500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Krupova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Simkova 870, CZ-500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradecka 1285, CZ-500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Kasparova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Krupa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolska 581, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Vera Kralova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Simkova 870, CZ-500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Simkova 870, CZ-500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Skarkova V, Kralova V, Vitovcova B, Rudolf E. Selected Aspects of Chemoresistance Mechanisms in Colorectal Carcinoma-A Focus on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Autophagy, and Apoptosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030234. [PMID: 30871055 PMCID: PMC6468859 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance has been found in all malignant tumors including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Nowadays chemoresistance is understood as a major reason for therapy failure, with consequent tumor growth and spreading leading ultimately to the patient's premature death. The chemotherapy-related resistance of malignant colonocytes may be manifested in diverse mechanisms that may exist both prior to the onset of the therapy or after it. The ultimate function of this chemoresistance is to ensure the survival of malignant cells through continuing adaptation within an organism, therefore, the nature and spectrum of cell-survival strategies in CRC represent a highly significant target of scientific inquiry. Among these survival strategies employed by CRC cells, three unique but significantly linked phenomena stand out-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and cell death. In this mini-review, current knowledge concerning all three mechanisms including their emergence, timeline, regulation, and mutual relationships will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Skarkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vera Kralova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vitovcova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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