Jansen SMA, Huis In 't Veld AE, Jacobs W, Grotjohan HP, Waskowsky M, van der Maten J, van der Weerdt A, Hoekstra R, Overbeek MJ, Mollema SA, Tolen PHCG, Hassan El Bouazzaoui LH, Vriend JWJ, Roorda JMM, de Nooijer R, van der Lee I, Voogel BAJ, Peels K, Macken T, Aerts JM, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Handoko ML, de Man FS, Bogaard HJ. Noninvasive Prediction of Elevated Wedge Pressure in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients Without Clear Signs of Left-Sided Heart Disease: External Validation of the OPTICS Risk Score.
J Am Heart Assoc 2020;
9:e015992. [PMID:
32750312 PMCID:
PMC7792270 DOI:
10.1161/jaha.119.015992]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background
Although most newly presenting patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure, identification of so‐called postcapillary PH can be challenging. A noninvasive tool predicting elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure in patients with incident PH may help avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
Methods and Results
A combination of clinical data, ECG, and echocardiographic parameters was used to refine a previously developed left heart failure risk score in a retrospective cohort of pre‐ and postcapillary PH patients. This updated score (renamed the OPTICS risk score) was externally validated in a prospective cohort of patients from 12 Dutch nonreferral centers the OPTICS network. Using the updated OPTICS risk score, the presence of postcapillary PH could be predicted on the basis of body mass index ≥30, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, history of valvular surgery, sum of SV1 (deflection in V1 in millimeters) and RV6 (deflection in V6 in millimeters) on ECG, and left atrial dilation. The external validation cohort included 81 postcapillary PH patients and 66 precapillary PH patients. Using a predefined cutoff of >104, the OPTICS score had 100% specificity for postcapillary PH (sensitivity, 22%). In addition, we investigated whether a high probability of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, assessed by the H2FPEF score (obesity, atrial fibrillation, age >60 yrs, ≥2 antihypertensives, E/e' >9, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure by echo >35 mmHg), similarly predicted the presence of elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure. High probability of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (H2FPEF score ≥6) was less specific for postcapillary PH.
Conclusions
In a community setting, the OPTICS risk score can predict elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure in PH patients without clear signs of left‐sided heart disease. The OPTICS risk score may be used to tailor the decision to perform invasive diagnostic testing.
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