Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC and the oral microbiota, a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Pathogenic bacteria, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been closely linked to OSCC. Moreover, certain oral fungi, such as Candida albicans, and viruses, like the human papillomavirus, have also been implicated in OSCC. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influences OSCC development remain unclear and necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiota and its relationship with OSCC and discusses potential carcinogenic pathways that the oral microbiota may activate or modulate are also discussed.

A thorough and current study of miR-214-related targets in cancer

Cancer is a complex genetic anomaly involving coding and non-coding transcript structural and expressive irregularities. A class of tiny non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding only to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Due to their capacity to target numerous genes, miRNAs have the potential to play a significant role in the development of tumors by controlling several biological processes, including angiogenesis, drug resistance, metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, and drug resistance. According to several recent studies, miRNA-214 has been linked to the emergence and spread of tumors. The human genome's q24.3 arm contains the DNM3 gene, which is about 6 kb away and includes the microRNA-214. Its primary purpose was the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. The multifaceted and complex functions of miR-214 as a modulator in neoplastic conditions have been outlined in the current review.

Functional role of circRNAs in osteogenesis: A review

The extracellular matrixes (ECM), as well as the microenvironmental signals, play an essential role in osteogenesis by regulating intercellular pathways. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a newly identified RNA, circular RNA, contributes to the osteogenesis process. Circular RNA (circRNA), the most recently identified RNA, is involved in the regulation of gene expression at transcription to translation levels. The dysregulation of circRNAs has been observed in several tumors and diseases. Also, various studies have shown that circRNAs expression is changed during osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Therefore, understanding the role of circRNAs in osteogenesis might help the diagnosis as well as treatment of bone diseases such as bone defects and osteoporosis. In this review, circRNA functions and the related pathways in osteogenesis have been discussed.

Supporting wound healing by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in combination with scaffold, hydrogel, and matrix; State of the art

Non-healing wounds impose a huge annual cost on the survival of different countries and large populations in the world. Wound healing is a complex and multi-step process, the speed and quality of which can be changed by various factors. To promote wound healing, compounds such as platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, platelet lysate, scaffolds, matrix, hydrogel, and cell therapy, in particular, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are suggested. Nowadays, the use of MSCs has attracted a lot of attention. These cells can induce their effect by direct effect and secretion of exosomes. On the other hand, scaffolds, matrix, and hydrogels provide suitable conditions for wound healing and the growth, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of cells. In addition to generating suitable conditions for wound healing, the combination of biomaterials and MSCs increases the function of these cells at the site of injury by favoring their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and paracrine activity. In addition, other compounds such as glycol, sodium alginate/collagen hydrogel, chitosan, peptide, timolol, and poly(vinyl) alcohol can be used along with these treatments to increase the effectiveness of treatments in wound healing. In this review article, we take a glimpse into the merging scaffolds, hydrogels, and matrix application with MSCs therapy to favor wound healing.

The Effect of Periapical Radiography X-Ray Radiation on the Number of Leukocytes in Mice (Mus musculus)

BACKGROUND: Periapical radiographic X-ray radiation has ionization energy which can cause cell damage in the body such as damage to the hematopoietic stem cell system in the bone marrow which results in inhibition or cessation of the hematopoiesis process, resulting in a decrease in the number of blood cells, especially leukocytes. A decrease in the number of leukocytes can make the body susceptible to infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other agents that can attack tissues in the oral cavity. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of periapical radiographic X-ray radiation on the number of leukocytes in mice (Mus musculus). METHODS: This research is a true experimental study with a posttest-only design with a control group design. The sample in this study was 24 mice, male, bodyweight 25–30 g and age 3–4 months which were divided into four groups, namely, the control group and the treatment group, namely, 1, 7, and 10-times exposure to periapical radiography X-ray radiation. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a decrease in the leukocyte count of mice at 1, 7, and 10 times of exposure, which was obtained by comparing the leukocyte count of the control group and the treatment group. The number of leukocytes in the control group was 8.16 × 103/μL, the number of leukocytes in the treatment group with 1, 7, and 10 exposures in a row was 7.61 × 103/μL, 6.03 × 103/μL, and 5.20 × 103/μL. The results of statistical tests using One-Way Analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni showed a significant decrease in the number of leukocytes (p < 0.05), namely, in the control group with seven exposures, the control group with ten exposures, and the 1-time exposure group with the 10-time exposure group. CONCLUSION: There is a decrease in the number of leukocytes in mice due to periapical radiographic X-ray radiation.

The Use of Ultrasonic Instrumentats in the Dental Practice

The ultrasonic instrumentation in dentistry has been used since the middle of the last century. Improved visualization, ease of operation and precise cutting ability have allowed ultrasonic instruments to be widely used in dentistry. The study considers the possibilities of using ultrasound instruments in various fields of dentistry. Advantages of ultrasonic instruments include conservative preparation of the cavity, less painful caries removal procedure and minimal noise generation. All these improvements are presented in clinical cases. In addition, the gentle effect on soft tissues is a characteristic feature of ultrasonic devices when applied to operative or orthopedic dentistry during the preparation of the cavity. Although some issues, such as high-frequency noise, interference to cardiac pacemakers, and low cutting efficiency compared to conventional high-speed or low-speed air-turbine tools, still need to be considered, the results of previous research show that ultrasound tools have an extremely high potential to become a convenient and effective tool for various dental procedures deserve future development.