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Londono R, Tighe S, Milnes B, DeMoya C, Quijano LM, Hudnall ML, Nguyen J, Tran E, Badylak S, Lozito TP. Single Cell Sequencing Analysis of Lizard Phagocytic Cell Populations and Their Role in Tail Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 8. [PMID: 32337387 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lizards are the closest relatives of mammals capable of tail regeneration, but the specific determinants of amniote regenerative capabilities are currently unknown. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that play a critical role in wound healing and tissue regeneration in a wide range of species. We hypothesize that macrophages regulate the process of lizard tail regeneration, and that comparisons with mammalian cell populations will yield insight into the role phagocytes play in determining an organism's regenerative potential. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was used to profile lizard immune cells and compare with mouse counterparts to contrast cell types between the two species. Treatment with clodronate liposomes effectively inhibited lizard tail stump tissue ablation and subsequent regeneration, and scRNAseq was used to profile changes in lizard immune cell populations resulting from tail amputation as well as identifying specific cell types affected by clodronate treatment. ScRNAseq analysis of lizard bone marrow, peripheral blood, and tissue-resident phagocyte cell populations was used to trace marker progression during macrophage differentiation and activation. These results indicated that lizard macrophages are recruited to tail amputation injuries faster than mouse populations and express high levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In turn, treatment with MMP inhibitors inhibited lizard tail regeneration. These results provide single cell sequencing data sets for evaluating and comparing lizard and mammalian immune cell populations, and identifying macrophage populations that are critical regulators of lizard tail regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Milnes
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian DeMoya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lina Maria Quijano
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan L Hudnall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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