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Weil AA, Sohlberg SL, O’Hanlon JA, Casto AM, Emanuels AW, Lo NK, Greismer EP, Magedson AM, Wilcox NC, Kim AE, Back L, Frazar CD, Pelle B, Sibley TR, Ilcisin M, Lee J, Ryke EL, Craft JC, Schwabe-Fry KM, Fay KA, Cho S, Han PD, Heidl SJ, Pfau BA, Truong M, Zhong W, Srivatsan SR, Harb KF, Gottlieb GS, Hughes JP, Nickerson DA, Lockwood CM, Starita LM, Bedford T, Shendure JA, Chu HY. SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab464. [PMID: 34805425 PMCID: PMC8599730 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate a testing program to facilitate control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission at a large university and measure spread in the university community using viral genome sequencing. METHODS Our prospective longitudinal study used remote contactless enrollment, daily mobile symptom and exposure tracking, and self-swab sample collection. Individuals were tested if the participant was exposed to a known SARS-CoV-2-infected person, developed new symptoms, or reported high-risk behavior (such as attending an indoor gathering without masking or social distancing), if a member of a group experiencing an outbreak, or at enrollment. Study participants included students, staff, and faculty at an urban public university during the Autumn quarter of 2020. RESULTS We enrolled 16 476 individuals, performed 29 783 SARS-CoV-2 tests, and detected 236 infections. Seventy-five percent of positive cases reported at least 1 of the following: symptoms (60.8%), exposure (34.7%), or high-risk behaviors (21.5%). Greek community affiliation was the strongest risk factor for testing positive, and molecular epidemiology results suggest that specific large gatherings were responsible for several outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS A testing program focused on individuals with symptoms and unvaccinated persons who participate in large campus gatherings may be effective as part of a comprehensive university-wide mitigation strategy to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Weil
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah L Sohlberg
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica A O’Hanlon
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda M Casto
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne W Emanuels
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natalie K Lo
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily P Greismer
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ariana M Magedson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naomi C Wilcox
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ashley E Kim
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lewis Back
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christian D Frazar
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ben Pelle
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas R Sibley
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Misja Ilcisin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jover Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica L Ryke
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Chris Craft
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kairsten A Fay
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shari Cho
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter D Han
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah J Heidl
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian A Pfau
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa Truong
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Weizhi Zhong
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katia F Harb
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Gottlieb
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay A Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Faoro R, Pelle B, Zuliani A, Cheinet P, Arimondo E, Pillet P. Borromean three-body FRET in frozen Rydberg gases. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8173. [PMID: 26348821 PMCID: PMC4569802 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the interactions between ultracold atoms is crucial for quantum simulation and computation purposes. Highly excited Rydberg atoms are considered in this prospect for their strong and controllable interactions known in the dipole-dipole case to induce non-radiative energy transfers between atom pairs, similarly to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in biological systems. Here we predict few-body FRET processes in Rydberg atoms and observe the first three-body resonance energy transfer in cold Rydberg atoms using cold caesium atoms. In these resonances, additional relay atoms carry away an energy excess preventing the two-body resonance, leading thus to a Borromean type of energy transfer. These few-body processes present strong similarities with multistep FRET between chromophores sometimes called donor-bridge-acceptor or superexchange. Most importantly, they generalize to any Rydberg atom and could lead to new implementations of few-body quantum gates or entanglement. Rydberg atoms are promising platform for quantum simulations, due to their strong and controllable dipole–dipole interactions. Here, the authors predict few-body processes in Rydberg atoms which resemble fluorescence resonance energy transfer in biological setting, and observe them in cold caesium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Faoro
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France.,Physics Department, Universita di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Pelle
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Zuliani
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Cheinet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E Arimondo
- Physics Department, Universita di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Pillet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
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