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Drum BM, Sheffield CR, Mulcaire-Jones J, Gradick C. Formation and Evaluation of an Academic Elective for Residents in a Combined Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program. Cureus 2021; 13:e16287. [PMID: 34381647 PMCID: PMC8349692 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been increasing focus on skills that are crucial for success in residency that is not explicitly taught. Specifically, the four domains of teaching skills, evidence appraisal, wellness, and education on structural racism have been identified as topics that are important and underrepresented in current resident education curriculums, largely due to time constraints. Methods A task force consisting of one post-graduate year 2 (PGY-2) resident, one PGY-4 resident, the Associate Program Director, and the Program Director of the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics residency program was formed to explore current deficiencies in resident curriculum and to research possible solutions. As an intervention, we created and executed a four-week academic elective with dedicated time for upper-level residents to learn and explore the four domains of resident teaching, evidence-based clinical practice, wellness, and anti-racism work. The elective included several clinical sessions dedicated to implementing the skills taught in the elective. The month-long elective completed in January 2021. All residents evaluated each lecture or experience based on how valuable it was to their education on a Likert scale from 1 to 7, with 1 defined as “not valuable at all” and 7 defined as “extremely valuable.” Results Residents rated the overall value of teaching in each domain highly. Education and activities in wellness lectures were found to have the highest value-added material (6.20 ± 0.41, n = 18), followed by residents-as-teachers lectures (5.93 ± 0.25, n = 48), anti-racism (5.57 ± 1.11, n = 9), and evidence-based clinical practice (5.18 ± 0.50, n = 43). In addition, each domain was found to have at least one high-yield topic. Conclusions We were able to create and execute an academic elective with dedicated time for upper-level residents to develop and utilize valuable skills in teaching, evidence appraisal, wellness, and anti-racism. Future work will focus on refining the curriculum based on resident evaluations and expanding this elective to the Internal Medicine and Pediatrics categorical programs at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Drum
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Clinton R Sheffield
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - John Mulcaire-Jones
- Pediatric Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Casey Gradick
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Drum BM, Yuan C, de la Mata A, Grainger N, Santana LF. Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum motility in adult mouse ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C598-C604. [PMID: 31967858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00573.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is the coordinated process by which an action potential triggers cardiac myocyte contraction. EC coupling is initiated in dyads where the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) is in tight proximity to the sarcolemma of cardiac myocytes. Existing models of EC coupling critically depend on dyad stability to ensure the fidelity and strength of EC coupling, where even small variations in ryanodine receptor channel and voltage-gated calcium channel-α 1.2 subunit separation dramatically alter EC coupling. However, dyadic motility has never been studied. Here, we developed a novel strategy to track specific jSR units in dissociated adult ventricular myocytes using photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. We found that the jSR is not static. Instead, we observed dynamic formation and dissolution of multiple dyadic junctions regulated by the microtubule-associated molecular motors kinesin-1 and dynein. Our data support a model where reproducibility of EC coupling results from the activation of a temporally averaged number of SR Ca2+ release units forming and dissolving SR-sarcolemmal junctions. These findings challenge the long-held view that the jSR is an immobile structure and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying its motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Drum
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Can Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ana de la Mata
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nathan Grainger
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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Li L, Li J, Drum BM, Chen Y, Yin H, Guo X, Luckey SW, Gilbert ML, McKnight GS, Scott JD, Santana LF, Liu Q. Loss of AKAP150 promotes pathological remodelling and heart failure propensity by disrupting calcium cycling and contractile reserve. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:147-159. [PMID: 27856611 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Impaired Ca2 + cycling and myocyte contractility are a hallmark of heart failure triggered by pathological stress such as hemodynamic overload. The A-Kinase anchoring protein AKAP150 has been shown to coordinate key aspects of adrenergic regulation of Ca2+ cycling and excitation-contraction in cardiomyocytes. However, the role of the AKAP150 signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of heart failure has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we examined how AKAP150 signalling complexes impact Ca2+ cycling, myocyte contractility, and heart failure susceptibility following pathological stress. We detected a significant reduction of AKAP150 expression in the failing mouse heart induced by pressure overload. Importantly, cardiac-specific AKAP150 knockout mice were predisposed to develop dilated cardiomyopathy with severe cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after pressure overload. Loss of AKAP150 also promoted pathological remodelling and heart failure progression following myocardial infarction. However, ablation of AKAP150 did not affect calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells signalling in cardiomyocytes or pressure overload- or agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that AKAP150 was associated with SERCA2, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptor-2, providing a targeted control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ regulatory proteins. Mechanistically, loss of AKAP150 led to impaired Ca2+ cycling and reduced myocyte contractility reserve following adrenergic stimulation or pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS These findings define a critical role for AKAP150 in regulating Ca2+ cycling and myocardial ionotropy following pathological stress, suggesting the AKAP150 signalling pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin M Drum
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Haifeng Yin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen W Luckey
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, 901 12th Ave., Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Merle L Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Deparment of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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