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Velez B, Walsh RM, Rawson S, Razi A, Adams L, Perez EF, Jiao F, Blickling M, Rajakumar T, Fung D, Huang L, Hanna J. Mechanism of autocatalytic activation during proteasome assembly. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01262-1. [PMID: 38600323 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Many large molecular machines are too elaborate to assemble spontaneously and are built through ordered pathways orchestrated by dedicated chaperones. During assembly of the core particle (CP) of the proteasome, where protein degradation occurs, its six active sites are simultaneously activated via cleavage of N-terminal propeptides. Such activation is autocatalytic and coupled to fusion of two half-CP intermediates, which protects cells by preventing activation until enclosure of the active sites within the CP interior. Here we uncover key mechanistic aspects of autocatalytic activation, which proceeds through alignment of the β5 and β2 catalytic triad residues, respectively, with these triads being misaligned before fusion. This mechanism contrasts with most other zymogens, in which catalytic centers are preformed. Our data also clarify the mechanism by which individual subunits can be added in a precise, temporally ordered manner. This work informs two decades-old mysteries in the proteasome field, with broader implications for protease biology and multisubunit complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Velez
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Walsh
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aida Razi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lea Adams
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erignacio Fermin Perez
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fenglong Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marie Blickling
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamayanthi Rajakumar
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darlene Fung
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Velez B, Razi A, Hubbard RD, Walsh R, Rawson S, Tian G, Finley D, Hanna J. Rational design of proteasome inhibitors based on the structure of the endogenous inhibitor PI31/Fub1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308417120. [PMID: 38091293 PMCID: PMC10743371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308417120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are widely used anticancer drugs. The three clinically approved agents are modified small peptides that preferentially target one of the proteasome's three active sites (β5) at physiologic concentrations. In addition to these drugs, there is also an endogenous proteasome inhibitor, PI31/Fub1, that enters the proteasome's interior to simultaneously yet specifically inhibit all three active sites. Here, we have used PI31's evolutionarily optimized inhibitory mechanisms to develop a suite of potent and specific β2 inhibitors. The lead compound strongly inhibited growth of multiple myeloma cells as a standalone agent, indicating the compound's cell permeability and establishing β2 as a potential therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. The lead compound also showed strong synergy with the existing β5 inhibitor bortezomib; such combination therapies might help with existing challenges of resistance and severe side effects. These results represent an effective method for rational structure-guided development of proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Velez
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Aida Razi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | | | - Richard Walsh
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology,Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology,Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
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Walsh RM, Rawson S, Schnell HM, Velez B, Rajakumar T, Hanna J. Structure of the preholoproteasome reveals late steps in proteasome core particle biogenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1516-1524. [PMID: 37653242 PMCID: PMC10879985 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the proteasome's core particle (CP), a barrel-shaped chamber of four stacked rings, requires five chaperones and five subunit propeptides. Fusion of two half-CP precursors yields a complete structure but remains immature until active site maturation. Here, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report a high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of preholoproteasome, a post-fusion assembly intermediate. Our data reveal how CP midline-spanning interactions induce local changes in structure, facilitating maturation. Unexpectedly, we find that cleavage may not be sufficient for propeptide release, as residual interactions with chaperones such as Ump1 hold them in place. We evaluated previous models proposing that dynamic conformational changes in chaperones drive CP fusion and autocatalytic activation by comparing preholoproteasome to pre-fusion intermediates. Instead, the data suggest a scaffolding role for the chaperones Ump1 and Pba1/Pba2. Our data clarify key aspects of CP assembly, suggest that undiscovered mechanisms exist to explain CP fusion/activation, and have relevance for diseases of defective CP biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Walsh
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Harvard Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center for Structural Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena M Schnell
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Velez
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamayanthi Rajakumar
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sá Martins V, Aguiar L, Dias C, Lourenço P, Pinheiro T, Velez B, Borges N, Adragão T, Calhau C, Macário F. Predictors of nutritional and inflammation risk in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1878-1884. [PMID: 31427179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and chronic inflammation are prevalent complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Different nutritional assessment tools are used to identify patients at risk. A composite and comprehensive malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) has been correlated with morbidity and mortality, and appears to be a robust and quantitative tool. OBJECTIVES Determine malnutrition risk profile in a sample of portuguese HD patients; determine the association of clinical and laboratory factors with MIS, and the impact of each parameter on MIS. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed, between September 15th of 2015 and January 31st of 2016, a cross sectional analysis of 2975 patients, representing 25% of portuguese HD patients. 59% were men (66.7 ± 14.8 years); 31% diabetic; 79% and 21% performed, respectively, high-flux HD and HDF. A MIS >5 was considered to indicate higher risk and was present in 1489 patients (50%). Amongst all parameters, comorbilities/dialysis vintage, transferrin, functional capacity, changes in body weight and decreased fat stores showed the higher impact, while albumin had one of the lowest impact on the nutritional risk. MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS Higher age (>75 years, OR 1.71, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR 1.25, p = 0.026), lower P levels (OR 1.57,p = 0.001), higher Ca levels (OR 1.51, p < 0.001), higher ERI (OR 1.05, p < 0.001), higher Kt/V (OR 2.14, p < 0.001) and higher CRP (OR 1.01, p < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher risk of MIS>5; higher nPNA (OR 0.29, p < 0.001) and higher Pcreat (OR 0.88, p < 0.001) were associated with a risk reduction of MIS>5 (95% CI). CONCLUSIONS Routine clinical and analytic parameters were found to be associated with MIS range that might indicate higher risk, and may represent a simple alert sign for the need of further assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sá Martins
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal.
| | - L Aguiar
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
| | - C Dias
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
| | - P Lourenço
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
| | - T Pinheiro
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
| | - B Velez
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
| | - N Borges
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Adragão
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal; Nephrology Department, Santa Cruz Hospital, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - C Calhau
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, n.º 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology Services Research, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Macário
- Medical Department, DIAVERUM Portugal, Portugal
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Velez B, Patino J, Velez YR, Sonstegard TS, Pagán-Morales M. P4068 Interaction of STAT1 and PGR specific genotypes affects milk production in slick and normal coat Holsteins. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4113x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Velez YR, Patino J, Soto-Moreno E, Velez B, Sonstegard TS, Pagán-Morales M. P4063 Genotyping of ApaLI RFLP at heat shock transcription factor 1 in Creole and Holstein cattle differing in coat type and associations with molecular breeding value and DHI traits. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chiriva-Internati M, White E, Velez B, Grizzi F, Frezza E, Cobos E. 86 GENE THERAPY BY POTENT GENERATION OF SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE AGAINST SPAN-XB/MULTIPLE MYELOMA. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0008.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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