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Obadiah HI, Wieser SN, Nzelu IN, Olaolu OS, Jagab HS, Obishakin ET, Omudu EA, Atu BO, Byanet O, Schnittger L, Florin-Christensen M. First molecular detection of Sarcocystis suihominis in a domestic pig of Nigeria. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:142. [PMID: 38393400 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Sarcocystis are Apicomplexan protozoa with a dixenous life cycle that includes a predator and a prey as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. Domestic and wild pigs are intermediate hosts of S. suihominis, with formation of sarcocysts in their muscles, while humans and non-human primates act as final hosts. After ingesting raw or undercooked sarcocyst-infested pork, signs of gastroenteritis including inappetence, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may develop in humans. Moreover, excretion of infective forms with human feces leads to dissemination of the parasite in the environment. In this study, macroscopic sarcocysts of white color, oval shape, and a diameter of approximately 3-8 mm were found in the skeletal muscle of a slaughtered domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) destined for human consumption in an abattoir of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Sarcocyst DNA was used as template to PCR amplify the near-complete length of the 18S rRNA gene and a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) gene. Amplicons were sequenced and used to construct phylogenetic trees with selected available Sarcocystis spp. sequences. In both cases, the placement of the analyzed sequences with S. suihominis was strongly supported, confirming the species identity of this macroscopic sarcocyst-forming parasite. This constitutes the first molecular identification of S. suihominis in Nigeria and the African continent. Proximity between pigs and humans, and poor sanitary conditions frequently encountered in pig farms of Nigeria might favor the dissemination of this zoonotic parasite, posing a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happiness Igwe Obadiah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Nathaly Wieser
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), (IPVET, INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Ifeoma Nancy Nzelu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Olushola Samuel Olaolu
- Biotechnology Center, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Hafsat Shaiabu Jagab
- Biotechnology Center, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Edward Agbo Omudu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Ortwer Atu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Obadiah Byanet
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leonard Schnittger
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), (IPVET, INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Monica Florin-Christensen
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), (IPVET, INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Owoicho O, Olwal CO, Tettevi EJ, Atu BO, Durugbo EU. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for Candida species surveillance in under-resourced setting: a review of evidence. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:643-653. [PMID: 35920288 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-albicans Candida species (NACS) have emerged as a major public health burden although they are still underappreciated. Some NACS have intrinsic antifungal resistance, requiring constant surveillance to improve patient care and thwart outbreaks of recalcitrant candida infections. However, effective Candida species surveillance has relied on PCR-based or other high-end techniques that are largely unaffordable in under-resourced countries. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a potentially effective and affordable technique for infectious disease surveillance, especially in under resourced settings. AREAS COVERED We critically reviewed current literature on application of LAMP for Candida species identification in pure fungal isolates, and in clinical and non-clinical samples. EXPERT OPINION LAMP has been studied for Candida species identification, including the NACS. Besides a short turnaround time, LAMP has analytical sensitivity and specificity that are not only higher than culture method but also comparable with conventional and quantitative PCR techniques. However, extensive evaluation of LAMP for Candida species detection using various types of clinical and environmental samples are required before deploying the technique for Candida species surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oloche Owoicho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | - Edward Jenner Tettevi
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernard Ortwer Atu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Uzodimma Durugbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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