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Roberts R, Hind SR, Pedley KF, Diner BA, Szarzanowicz MJ, Luciano-Rosario D, Majhi BB, Popov G, Sessa G, Oh CS, Martin GB. Mai1 Protein Acts Between Host Recognition of Pathogen Effectors and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1496-1507. [PMID: 31251114 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0121-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms acting between host recognition of pathogen effectors by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are unknown. MAPKKKα (M3Kα) activates MAPK signaling leading to programmed cell death (PCD) associated with NLR-triggered immunity. We identified a tomato M3Kα-interacting protein, SlMai1, that has 80% amino acid identity with Arabidopsis brassinosteroid kinase 1 (AtBsk1). SlMai1 has a protein kinase domain and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain that interacts with the kinase domain of M3Kα. Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae and compromised PCD induced by four NLR proteins. PCD was restored by expression of a synthetic SlMai1 gene that resists silencing. Expression of AtBsk1 did not restore PCD in Mai1-silenced plants, suggesting SlMai1 is functionally divergent from AtBsk1. PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2 was unaffected by Mai1 silencing, suggesting Mai1 acts upstream of these proteins. Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kα in leaves enhanced MAPK phosphorylation and accelerated PCD. These findings suggest Mai1 is a molecular link acting between host recognition of pathogens and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Roberts
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Sarah R Hind
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Kerry F Pedley
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin A Diner
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Bharat B Majhi
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Georgy Popov
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guido Sessa
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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