Mucinous cystadenomas of urachus: A case report and literature review

Urachal epithelial neoplasms are rare tumors that arise from the vestiges of the urachus. Mucinous cystadenomas are considered as a benign glandular tumors of the urachus. Cystadenomas are commonly found in the ovary, appendix, and pancreas. Mucinous cystadenomas of the urachus are extremely rare in the urachus, and only nine cases reported so far. We reported the 10th case of Mucinous cystadenomas of the urachus detected incidentally at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy for investigation of genitourinary tuberculosis.

Pure cutaneous paratesticular leiomyosarcoma of the scrotum: A rare case report

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the smooth muscle. Paratesticular LMSs are commonly located in the epididymis or spermatic cord. Pure scrotal cutaneous paratesticular LMS arising from the dartos muscle is very rare. Less than 40 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of pure scrotal cutaneous LMS in a 45-year-old patient.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Larynx with Malignant Ascites: a Rare Entity

Usual sites of the spread of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) larynx is regional-cervical lymphadenopathy. The lung is the most frequent site of distant metastasis, accounting for 66% of distant metastasis. Other metastatic sites include bone (22%), liver (10%), skin, mediastinum, and bone marrow. Occurrence of distant metastasis adversely affects the survival and alters the treatment planning completely, more towards palliative intent. Here, we present a case with very rare presentation of malignant ascites in a case of SCC larynx.

CD19-negative B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive neoplasm of B-lymphocyte precursors that express the pan B-cell marker CD19 in all the cases. Rarely, a case may be assigned as B-lineage even if CD19 is negative. Here, a 16-year-old male presented with complaints of pain abdomen, on and off fever, joint pain, and hepatosplenomegaly for 2 months. Bone marrow examination was suggestive of acute leukemia with numerous leukoblasts on aspiration. On flow cytometry, gated blast population was negative for CD19, cytoCD3, and myeloperoxidase MPO and positive for CD34, TdT, HLA-DR, CD22, CD79a, and CD10. Immunohistochemistry study showed positivity for TdT, CD34, CD10 (focal), and PAX 5 and negativity for CD20, CD3, MPO, CD117, and CD68. Lack of awareness of negative CD19 expression in B-ALL can lead to incorrect immunophenotypic diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of B-ALL. Proper diagnosis should be based on clinical features, immunophenotypic profiles, immunohistochemistry findings, and molecular analysis.

Immunization with r-Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A of Shigella dysenteriae type-1: evaluation of oral and intranasal route of administration

AIMS

To evaluate the comparative immunogenic potential of food grade Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 (SD-1) when administered either orally or intranasally.

METHODS AND RESULTS

OmpA of SD-1 was cloned and expressed first in Escherichia coli and then in L. lactis. Presence of recombinant gene was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and immunoblot analysis. Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, OmpA was purified from recombinant E. coliBL21 (DE3) and subcutaneously administered in BALB/c mice. Detection of OmpA-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the immunogenicity of OmpA. In order to establish r-L. lactis as a mucosal delivery vehicle, it was administered orally and nasally in BALB/c mice. Serum IgG and faecal IgA were assessed through ELISA to compare the relative potential of immunization routes and immunogenic potential of r-L. lactis. Immunization via the oral route proved superior to intranasal exposure.

CONCLUSION

Recombinant L. lactis expressing OmpA of SD-1 was found to be immunogenic. Oral administration of r-L. lactis elicited higher systemic and mucosal immune response when compared with the nasal route.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Using food grade recombinant L. lactis has implications in the development of a prophylactic against multidrug-resistant Shigella, which can be used as a prospective vaccine candidate. Evaluating mucosal routes of immunization demonstrated that the oral route of administration elicited better immune response against OmpA of Shigella.