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Thiyagarajan D, Huck B, Nothdurft B, Koch M, Rudolph D, Rutschmann M, Feldmann C, Hozsa C, Furch M, Besecke KFW, Gieseler RK, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Spray-dried lactose-leucine microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antimycobacterial nanopharmaceuticals. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1766-1778. [PMID: 34101127 PMCID: PMC8236044 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of nanocarriers for novel antimycobacterial compounds is challenging because the aerodynamic properties of nanomaterials are sub-optimal for such purposes. Here, we report the development of dry powder formulations for nanocarriers containing benzothiazinone 043 (BTZ) or levofloxacin (LVX), respectively. The intricacy is to generate dry powder aerosols with adequate aerodynamic properties while maintaining both nanostructural integrity and compound activity until reaching the deeper lung compartments. Microparticles (MPs) were prepared using vibrating mesh spray drying with lactose and leucine as approved excipients for oral inhalation drug products. MP morphologies and sizes were measured using various biophysical techniques including determination of geometric and aerodynamic mean sizes, X-ray diffraction, and confocal and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the nanocarriers’ characteristics influenced the MPs’ sizes and shapes, their aerodynamic properties, and, hence, also the fraction available for lung deposition. Spay-dried powders of a BTZ nanosuspension, BTZ-loaded silica nanoparticles (NPs), and LVX-loaded liposomes showed promising respirable fractions, in contrast to zirconyl hydrogen phosphate nanocontainers. While the colloidal stability of silica NPs was improved after spray drying, MPs encapsulating either BTZ nanosuspensions or LVX-loaded liposomes showed the highest respirable fractions and active pharmaceutical ingredient loads. Importantly, for the BTZ nanosuspension, biocompatibility and in vitro uptake by a macrophage model cell line were improved even further after spray drying. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Thiyagarajan
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Benedikt Huck
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Birgit Nothdurft
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - David Rudolph
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Constantin Hozsa
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Siegfried AG Hameln, 31789, Hameln, Germany
| | - Marcus Furch
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biolife Holding GmbH & Co. KG, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen F W Besecke
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert K Gieseler
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Bochum, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
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